BGuthrie Photos: AL -- Tuskegee Institute NHS -- Carver Museum

AL -- Tuskegee Institute NHS -- Carver Museum:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. TUSKCM_161107_007.JPG: George W. Carver Donated by his many friends in recognition of forty year's service to Tuskegee Institute 1896-1936
2. TUSKCM_161107_020.JPG: "Where this is no vision, there is no hope." -- George Washington Carver
3. TUSKCM_161107_029.JPG: Carver's Creative Chemistry
4. TUSKCM_161107_035.JPG: WHere's the peanut butter?
5. TUSKCM_161107_038.JPG: The Will to Learn
6. TUSKCM_161107_042.JPG: George Carver kept his school slate from childhood until his death
7. TUSKCM_161107_048.JPG: A True Teacher... Guiding and Inspiring his Students
8. TUSKCM_161107_056.JPG: Plan of the Carver cemetery
9. TUSKCM_161107_058.JPG: The Hard Road to Learning
10. TUSKCM_161107_060.JPG: Carver probably acquired this typewriter the summer before he was to enter Highland College. He used it when he worked for the Union Telegraph office in Kansas City that same summer. He continued to use this typewriter throughout his life.
11. TUSKCM_161107_069.JPG: From the World Around Him...
12. TUSKCM_161107_072.JPG: "I wanted to know every strange stone, flower, insect, bird or beast. No one could tell me." -- George Washington Carver
13. TUSKCM_161107_082.JPG: Artists's Colors from Alabama Clay
14. TUSKCM_161107_084.JPG: Evidence
15. TUSKCM_161107_087.JPG: Mystic
16. TUSKCM_161107_094.JPG: Simple Instruction
17. TUSKCM_161107_110.JPG: Farm Operations
18. TUSKCM_161107_112.JPG: Full-time Farmers... Part-time Students
19. TUSKCM_161107_116.JPG: Carver prepared exhibits for each subject he taught -- this "first plow" may have been part of one showing different agricultural tools.
20. TUSKCM_161107_126.JPG: Learning by Doing
21. TUSKCM_161107_130.JPG: Early Research... Doing with What He Found
22. TUSKCM_161107_142.JPG: Fro Student to Teacher
23. TUSKCM_161107_144.JPG: The Peanut... The Answer to Many Problems
24. TUSKCM_161107_152.JPG: Sharing for the Benefit of Many
25. TUSKCM_161107_157.JPG: Tracking Microscopic Enemies of Plantlife
26. TUSKCM_161107_164.JPG: Pure Research... His Last Years
27. TUSKCM_161107_166.JPG: Peanut Oil... Promising Benefits
28. TUSKCM_161107_174.JPG: The Shell and All... Endless Products
29. TUSKCM_161107_177.JPG: Carver Research Foundation... A Legacy
30. TUSKCM_161107_178.JPG: A Lifelong Faith
31. TUSKCM_161107_180.JPG: Always Time to Stay in Touch
32. TUSKCM_161107_194.JPG: Mrs. Henry Ford Henry Ford March 11, 1941
33. TUSKCM_161107_201.JPG: The Carver Museum... Dedicated by Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ford, March 1941
34. TUSKCM_161107_204.JPG: "The promising idea in all of my work was to help the farmers and fill the poor man's empty dinner plate." -- George Washington Carver
35. TUSKCM_161107_220.JPG: Thomas Monroe Campbell
36. TUSKCM_161107_222.JPG: Tuskegee Institute's "Movable School"
37. TUSKCM_161107_237.JPG: P.H. Polk
38. TUSKCM_161107_251.JPG: An early oil painting of George Washington Carver's which shows the promise his art teacher saw in his work.
39. TUSKCM_161107_253.JPG: His palette and remnants of his brushes cherished and used for over forty years.
40. TUSKCM_161107_256.JPG: Tuskegee's Fight Against Polio
41. TUSKCM_161107_271.JPG: The Iron Lung
42. TUSKCM_161107_277.JPG: Featuring Photographs by P.H. Polk and Walter Scott
Wikipedia Description: Tuskegee University
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tuskegee University is a private university located in Tuskegee, Alabama and is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund. The campus forms the Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site and is a National Historic Landmark

History:

Planning and establishment:

The school was the dream of Lewis Adams, a former slave and George W. Campbell, a former slave owner. Adams could read, write and speak several languages despite having no formal education. He also was an experienced tinsmith, harness-maker and shoemaker and Prince Hall Freemason an acknowledged leader of the African-American community in Macon County, Alabama.

During Reconstruction, the period following the American Civil War, the South was impoverished. Many blacks were illiterate and had few employable job skills. Adams was especially concerned that, without an education, the recently freed former slaves would not be able to support themselves. Campbell, of like-thinking, had become a merchant and a banker. He had little experience with educational institutions, but was always willing to contribute all of his resources and efforts to make the school a success.

W.F. Foster, a white candidate for the Alabama Senate, came to Adams with a question. What would Adams want in return for securing the votes of African Americans in Macon County for Foster and another white candidate? In response, Adams asked for a normal school for the free men, freed slaves and their children (a normal school, at that time, was the name for a teacher's college) to be established in the area.

Foster and the other candidate were elected. He worked with the other fellow legislator Arthur L. Brooks to draft and pass legislation authorizing $2,000 to create the school. Adams, Thomas Dyer, and M.B. Swanson formed Tuskegee's first board of commissioners. They wrote to Hampton Institute in Virginia, asking the school to recommend someone to head their new school. Former Union Army General and Hampton Principal Samuel C. Armstrong felt that he knew just the man for the job: 25 year-old Booker T. Washington.

Booker T. Washington's leadership:

Washington was a former slave who, after working menial labor jobs as a freedman, had sought a formal education and worked his way through Hampton Institute and had graduated from Wayland Seminary in Washington, D.C.. He had returned to Hampton, where he was working as a teacher. Sam Armstrong, who knew him well, strongly recommended him to Tuskegee's founders in Alabama.

Lewis Adams and Tuskegee's governing body agreed, and hired Washington, although such positions had always been held by whites up until that time. Under his leadership, the new normal school (for the training of teachers) opened on July 4, 1881 in space borrowed from a church.

The following year, Washington bought the grounds of a former plantation which the campus is still centered on. The buildings were constructed by students, many of whom earned all or part of their expenses. The school was a living example of Washington's dedication to the pursuit of self-reliance. In addition to training teachers, one of his great concerns was to teach the practical skills needed to succeed at farming or other trades.
1940 photo, Junior class in farm management at Tuskegee Institute.
1940 photo, Junior class in farm management at Tuskegee Institute.

Washington had his students do not only agricultural and domestic work, but also erect buildings. This was done in order to teach his students to see labor not only as practical, but also as beautiful and dignified. One of its most noteworthy professors was George Washington Carver, who was recruited to teach there by Washington.

In addition to building Tuskegee, Washington became a famous orator and leading spokesperson for African Americans in the United States for the final 20 years of his life. He was also awarded honorary degrees, including a doctorate.

Dr. Washington used Tuskegee and a network of wealthy American philanthropists such as Andrew Carnegie, Collis P. Huntington, John D. Rockefeller, and Henry Huttleston Rogers. According to Dr. Washington's papers, Rogers, who had a poor public image as a robber baron and a leader of Standard Oil, was actually warm and generous with his friends, family and what he felt were worthy causes. An early champion of the concept of matching funds, Henry Rogers was a major anonymous contributor to Tuskegee and dozens of other black schools for more than 15 years. In June 1909, Dr. Washington made a famous speaking tour along the newly completed Virginian Railway in Rogers' personal railcar Dixie, stopping at rural points in southern Virginia and southern West Virginia where the railroad was providing a new transportation link for commerce. His traveling companion on the tour recorded that Dr. Washington was warmly received by blacks and whites alike.

Another major relationship Washington developed was with Julius Rosenwald, son of an immigrant Jewish clothier and self-made man who had risen to the top of Sears, Roebuck and Company in Chicago, Illinois. He and other Jewish friends had been long-concerned about the lack of educational resources for blacks, especially in the South. After meeting with Dr. Washington, Rosenwald agreed to serve on Tuskegee's Board of Directors. He also worked with Dr. Washington to stimulate funding to train teachers schools such as Tuskegee and Hampton Institute. Beginning with a pilot program in 1912 using technical help from Tuskegee to develop plans and build schools and matching funds to encourage local community contributions, they eventually established and operated over 5,000 small community schools and supporting resources for the betterment of blacks throughout the South in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The local schools were a source of much community pride and were of priceless value to African-American families during those troubled times in public education. This work was a major part of Dr. Washington's legacy and was continued (and expanded through the Rosenwald Fund and others) for many years after his death.

Despite his travels and widespread work, Dr. Washington remained as principal of Tuskegee. Concerned about the educator's health, Rosenwald took steps to ease his tireless pace. However, in 1915, he died at the age of 59, as a result of congestive heart failure, reportedly aggravated by overwork. At his death Tuskegee's endowment exceeded US$1.5 million. He was buried on the campus near the chapel.

For more details on this topic, see Booker T. Washington.

World War II:

In 1941, in an effort to train black aviators, a training squadron of the U.S. Army Air Corps was established at Tuskegee Institute, using Moton Field, about 4 miles away from the campus center. These aviators became known as the Tuskegee Airmen and both the Army and Air Force R.O.T.C. programs still exist there today. The Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site at Moton Field was established in 1998.

National Historic Landmark and National Historic Site:

The campus of Tuskegee Institute was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The area covered in the landmarking is not specifically defined in the 1965 document describing the landmark, and hence may be assumed to include the entire Tuskegee University campus at the time.

Points of "special historic interest" noted in the landmark description include:

* The Oaks (Washington's Home),
* Booker T. Washington monument, statue by Charles Keck,
* grave of Booker T. Washington,
* grave of George Washington Carver, and
* the George Washington Carver Museum (Alabama)

The campus is also a National Historic Site, under name Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, distinct from the airfield which is a separate National Historic Site.
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