BGuthrie Photos: NC -- Guilford Courthouse Natl Military Park

NC -- Guilford Courthouse Natl Military Park:

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2015_NC_CWT_Guilford_150322: CWT Color Bearer Thank You Weekend (2015) in Raleigh, NC -- Tour of Guilford Courthouse (32 photos from 2015)
2015_NC_Guilford: NC -- Guilford Courthouse Natl Military Park (83 photos from 2015)
2015_NC_GuilfordVC: NC -- Guilford Courthouse Natl Military Park -- Visitor Center (106 photos from 2015)

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. GUIL_150322_011.JPG: Second Line Trail Guilford Courthouse NMP -- National Park Service -- This trail follows the second American line for a half-mile to Stop 8 on the Tour Road. All along the line, Virginia militia opened their ranks for the retreating North Carolinians and then waited tensely for the British attack. The first section of trail travels through the dense woods that broke up and slowed the British advance. After passing the Nathanael Greene statue and other monuments, the path ends at the American right flank, where Virginia militia faced 800 British infantry.
2. GUIL_150322_023.JPG: Sustained Firefight Guilford Courthouse National Military Park After swiftly rolling over the American first line, the British met unexpected resistance here. Greene had posted the second line in the woods astride New Garden Road, and the Patriots held a strong position along the high ground just ahead. Firing from behind thick trunks of the ancient forest, Virginia militia exchanged heavy fire with advancing British infantry. The trees and undergrowth made it impossible to maintain the disciplined formations of classic 18th-century warfare. At this point the single wave of the British assault broke into a series of separate engagements, with clusters of troops trading shots with other small units. After an extended firefight, the redcoats were able to regroup despite costly losses and break through toward the American third line – the tough, well-trained Continentals.
3. GUIL_150322_042.JPG: Nathanael Greene Appointed Major General in command of the Southern Army October 14, 1780 Born in Rhode Island August 7, 1742 Died in Georgia June 19 1786 Guilford Court House Hobkirks Hill Ninety – Six Eutaw Springs Harlem Heights Trenton Princeton Brandywine Germantown Monmouth It is with a pleasure which friendship alone is susceptible of that I congratulate you on the glorious end you have put to hostilities in the southern states. -- Washington Greene is as dangerous as Washington. I never feel secure when encamped in his neighborhood. -- Cornwallis
4. GUIL_150322_049.JPG: In the manoeuvering that preceded it, in the strategy that compelled it, in the heroism that signalized it, and in the results that flowed from it, the Battle of Guilford Court House is second to no battle fought on American soil. Over the brave men who fell here their comrades marched to ultimate victory at Yorktown, and the cause of constitutional self-government to assured triumph at Philadelphia. To officer and private, to Continental soldier and volunteer militiaman, honor and award are alike due. They need neither defense nor eulogy but only just recognition. A grateful nation erects this monument, therefore, as an expression of its solemn pride in the men who fought here, of its imperishable devotion to their memory, and of its unalterable confidence in the permanence of the principles which their example vindicated and their blood consecrated.
5. GUIL_150322_071.JPG: Signers of the Declaration Guilford Courthouse National Military Park This monument honors the three North Carolina delegates to the Continental Congress who signed the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776. Although Hooper and Penn were reburied here in 1894, they had no direct ties to the battle. The relation is more symbolic; the Guilford Battle Ground Company founders wanted Guilford Courthouse to be North Carolina's official Revolutionary War cemetery. Between the Declaration and Guilford Courthouse, between these signers and this battlefield, the Company's message was clear: winning and independence required courage, determination, and sacrifice.
6. GUIL_150322_076.JPG: In Memoriam William Hooper and John Penn delegates from North Carolina 1776 to the Continental Congress and signers of the Declaration of Independence. Their remains were reinterred here 1894. Hewes' grave is lost. He was the third signer. -- "Lee, Henry and Hooper were the orators of the Congress" John Adams' diary Vol.2.P.396 1774
7. GUIL_150322_082.JPG: John Penn Signer of the Declaration of Independence Placed by Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Inc.
8. GUIL_150322_085.JPG: William Hooper Signer of the Declaration of Independence Placed by Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Inc.
9. GUIL_150322_091.JPG: On this spot Brig. Gen. Edward Stevens was wounded while making a gallant stand with his Virginia troops
10. GUIL_150322_095.JPG: The Monument and the General Nathanael Greene's statue, the largest in the park, looks like the monument of a victor. But by the end of the day the British had forced him from the field. The fighting did not go according to plan for either side. After an orderly retreat, Greene expressed disappointment in the results of the battle. As reports trickled in, however, it became clear that the British army had suffered severe casualties. Cornwallis and his weakened army retired to the North Carolina coast. The battle for Guilford Courthouse set the stage for Yorktown. "Greene is as dangerous as Washington; I never feel secure when encamped in his neighborhood." -- Lord Cornwallis Sculptor Francis H. Packer designed the monument, dedicated July 3, 1915. The Guilford Battle Ground Company selected this site on high ground near a railroad station to attract local visitors.
11. GUIL_150322_105.JPG: In Memoriam Capt. George Reynolds 1754-1813 Officer under General Green in Revolutionary Army
12. GUIL_150322_120.JPG: Guilford Court House Hobkirks Hill Ninety – Six Eutaw Springs
13. GUIL_150322_123.JPG: It is with a pleasure which friendship alone is susceptible of that I congratulate you on the glorious end you have put to hostilities in the southern states. -- Washington
14. GUIL_150322_128.JPG: Nathanael Greene Appointed Major General in command of the Southern Army October 14, 1780 Born in Rhode Island August 7, 1742 Died in Georgia June 19 1786
15. GUIL_150322_131.JPG: Greene is as dangerous as Washington. I never feel secure when encamped in his neighborhood. -- Cornwallis
16. GUIL_150322_137.JPG: Harlem Heights Trenton Princeton Brandywine Germantown Monmouth
17. GUIL_150322_171.JPG: Delaware Continentals Guilford Courthouse NMP -- Nat'l Park Service -- In 1888, David Schenck, searching for battlefield artifacts, found the upturned bones of three unidentified soldiers on a farm north of the park. From buttons found in the grave, supposedly marked "USA," Schenck concluded that the deceased were American Continentals killed in action. The location of the soldiers' remains suggests that they were part of Kirkwood's Delaware company, on the right flank of the first line. In contrast to the first line's militia, the Delaware troops were seasoned professionals of equal caliber to the British regulars. The remains were reburied here under this grave marker commemorating their valor. Further research has identified the three fallen Delaware soldiers as William Drew, John Toland, and Cornelius Hagney, born in Danfanagh, Ireland. Although a recent immigrant, Hagney championed the cause of American liberty.
18. GUIL_150322_191.JPG: Maryland's tribute to her heroic dead. Erected by members of the Maryland Historical Society in memory of the soldiers of the Maryland line. 1781-1892. Non Omnis Moriar
19. GUIL_150322_209.JPG: Col. Stewart Death Monument
20. GUIL_150322_225.JPG: Death of Stewart Guilford Courthouse National Military Park The small monument in the field commemorates the death of Lt. Col. James Stewart (Stuart) of the Second Battalion of Guards. During hand-to-hand fighting, Captain John Smith of the 1st Maryland Regiment cut down Stewart with a heavy saber. Accounts place Stewart's death near the American third line. Guildford Battle Ground Company placed the monument on this site because they were told that Stewart's sword was found here inside a hollow log in 1866. In reality, the monument's location is more symbolic than historically accurate.
21. GUIL_150322_236.JPG: Col. Stuart's sword was unburied here in 1866. Hon. Lieut. Colonel Stuart of the Second Battalion of the Queen's Guards, was killed at this spot by Captain John Smith of the First Maryland Regiment.
22. GUIL_150322_262.JPG: Regulars Green's 3rd Line
23. GUIL_150322_264.JPG: The British Perspective Guilford Courthouse National Military Park As a British soldier, you are far more disciplined and experienced in battle than the rag-tag militia. Here at Guilford Courthouse your troops are outnumbered by more than two to one, but hunger and exhaustion seem greater enemies. This is foreign soil and hundreds of miles away from resupply and reinforcement. A battalion of British Guards sweeps across this ground from right to left to assault the American third line. By this stage in the fighting, the Guards have momentum but their ranks have been thinned, While Continentals, the Americans' toughest troops, hold the high ground, the British soldiers are professionals and step forward with grim confidence. The small monument in the middle of the field commemorates the death of a talented officer, Lt. Col. James Stewart of the Second Foot Guards. General Charles O'Hara was wounded twice during the battle, but survived. His younger brother James, an artillery officer, was killed in the action. The British commander, Charles, Lord Cornwallis, lost many valuable officers during the battle.
24. GUIL_150322_281.JPG: Backcountry Courthouse Guilford Courthouse National Military Park To Cornwallis, Guilford Courthouse was not a military or strategic objective. Greene's army was his target. After receiving intelligence that the British were marching toward the American camp, Greene switched his battle plans from attack to defense. At this point along the main road General Greene began deploying his troops. In 1781 the county seat of Guilford served as the hub of a small farming community of about fifty English, Scots-Irish, and nearby Quakers. At the courthouse these settlers registered deeds, settled legal disputes, and were mustered into the militia. This ground is believed to be the general area of the courthouse. Apparently there were five other small buildings in the clearing, including a jail and a tavern. In 1809 the county seat was relocated six miles south. No trace of the courthouse community remains.
25. GUIL_150322_290.JPG: Third Line Trail Guilford Courthouse NMP -- National Park Service -- This trail passes through the actual deployment of the American third line, contradicting the location of the Regulars' Monument near Stop 7. Recent research and study may reveal more accurately where the battle action fit the terrain. Before rejoining the historic road trace, the trail curves along high ground. Greene chose this position wisely; the British had to climb out of the creek valley before engaging the patriots' most seasoned troops – the Maryland and Delaware Continentals. This was the day's most fiercely contested ground.
26. GUIL_150322_299.JPG: American Artillery Guilford Courthouse National Military Park As the Americans withdrew from the field they lost all four of their cannons to the British. Two of the six-pounder guns fired the opening shots in the battle from the center of the first line. Greene ordered them pulled back to join his other two six-pounders in the defense of the third line. Artillery was important to both armies as supporting fire for infantry. Mostly ineffective in the heavily wooded terrain that covered much of the battlefield, cannons' solid shot, grape, and canister were devastating to enemy troops crossing cleared ground.
27. GUIL_150322_324.JPG: Costly Victory Guilford Courthouse National Military Park "Another such victory would ruin the British army." -- Charles James Fox, addressing the House of Commons after news of the Battle of Guilford Courthouse reached London. Here on the high ground overlooking the stream valley stood the American third line, a mix of seasoned Continentals and new recruits. They waited tensely for the enemy, who had momentum after overrunning the first and second lines. When the British Guards emerged from the woods below, the fiercest fighting of the day ensued. Just as the British overwhelmed this left flank, Lt. Col. William Washington's cavalry slashed in from the right and inflicted heavy casualties. Cornwallis then ordered British Royal Artillery to fire canister and grapeshot into the melee, driving back the American cavalry and Maryland Continentals. The end of the battle was an anticlimax. When the British regrouped ad began to outflank this line, Greene directed an orderly retreat. Fighting along the third line swayed back and forth. From Continental positions here, the Third Line Trail crosses the contested terrain of the stream valley below to the British position on the other side. The British had gained the field and won a tactical victory, but at crippling cost. A quarter of Cornwallis's army –- 500 of the finest British troops in America –- were killed or wounded in these fields and thickets. Seven months later came the surrender at Yorktown.
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Wikipedia Description: Battle of Guilford Court House
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Battle of Guilford Court House was a battle fought on March 15, 1781 inside the present-day city of Greensboro, North Carolina, during the American Revolutionary War. 1,900 British troops, under General Lord Cornwallis, fought an American force, under Rhode Island native General Nathanael Greene, numbering 4,400.

Despite the relatively small numbers of troops involved, the battle is considered one of the most decisive of the Revolutionary War. Prior to the battle, the British appeared to have successfully reconquered Georgia and South Carolina with the aid of strong Loyalist factions, and that North Carolina might be within their grasp. In the wake of the battle, Greene moved into South Carolina, while Cornwallis chose to invade Virginia. These decisions allowed Greene to unravel British control of the South, while leading Cornwallis to Yorktown and surrender.

The battle is commemorated at Guilford Courthouse National Military Park.

Prelude"

Following the Battle of Cowpens, Cornwallis was determined to destroy Greene's army. However, the loss of his light infantry at Cowpens led him to burn his supplies so that his army would be nimble enough for pursuit. He chased Greene in the Race to the Dan, but Greene escaped across the flooded Dan River to safety in Virginia. Cornwallis established camp at Hillsborough and attempted to forage supplies and recruit North Carolina's Tories. However, the bedraggled state of his army and Pyle's massacre deterred Loyalists.

On March 14, 1781, while encamped in the forks of the Deep River, Cornwallis was informed that General Richard Butler was marching to attack his army. With Butler was a body of North Carolina militia, plus reinforcements from Virginia, consisting of 3,000 Virginia militia, a Virginia State regiment, a Corps of Virginian eighteen-month men and recruits for the Maryland Line. They had joined the command of Greene, creating a ...More...
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Directly Related Pages: Other pages with content (NC -- Guilford Courthouse Natl Military Park) directly related to this one: [Display ALL photos on one page]:
- 2003_NC_Guilford: NC -- Guilford Courthouse Natl Military Park (55 photos from 2003)
- 1998_NC_Guilford: NC -- Guilford Courthouse Natl Military Park (79 photos from 1998)
Same Subject: Click on this link to see coverage of items having the same subject: [American Revolution] [Park (National Park Service)]
2015 photos: I retired from the US Census Bureau in god-forsaken Suitland, Maryland on my 58th birthday in May. Yee ha! Trips this year: a quick trip to Florida. two Civil War Trust conferences (Raleigh, NC and Richmond, VA), and my 10th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Los Angeles). Ego Strokes: Carolyn Cerbin used a Kevin Costner photo in her USA Today article. Miss DC pictures were used a few times in the Washington Post. Equipment this year: I mostly used my Fuji XS-1 camera but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000. Number of photos taken this year: just over 550,000.
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