MD -- Silver Spring -- Natl Museum of Health and Medicine (Forest Glen Annex):
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- NMHM_150208_01.JPG: The Collection that Teaches
History and Research
"I have numerous specimens for you -- have put them in ale barrels with some whisky + chlorinated soda upon them + have buried barrels and all in the ground.
What shall I do with them? We will have more every day for a month to come."
-- H.K. Neff, Surgeon, 3rd Division General Hospital, August 9, 1865
The National Museum of Health and Medicine began collecting objects in 1862 after the Army Medical Department ordered that "all specimens of morbid anatomy" be gathered from Civil War battlefields. Since then, the Museum's holdings have grown to more than 25,000,000 specimens, slides, photographs, artifacts, artworks, and documents. While only a fraction is on display, all collections contribute to medical and historical research.
- NMHM_150808_61.JPG: Kolff-Brigham Artificial Kidney:
The second-generation rotating-drum artificial kidney, designed by Kolff, was manufactured by Edward Olson of Massachusetts. Arterial blood from the patient is passed along the cellophane tubing wrapped around the drum, rotating through a 100-liter chemical bath, cleansing the blood. One or two patients could be treated each day with one artificial kidney.
- NMHM_150808_71.JPG: Patients at Forest Glen
[Interestingly, the sign previously said it was titled "Psychiatric Patients at Forest Glen"]
Jack McMillen, 1944
During World War II, the Forest Glen annex of Walter Reed General Hospital was used for treating patients with psychiatric conditions. Located near Washington DC, the former girls' school had been purchased by the Army to provide additional space for the hospital's activities. The picture accurately depicts the eclectic architecture while showing maroon-suited patients enjoying the grounds.
McMillen had painted government-sponsored murals during the Depression as part of the Works Projects Administration (WPA). When the war began, many of the WPA's responsibilities were transferred to the military, leading to the commissioning of this painting.
The painting hung at Forest Glen until 1994 when it was transferred to the National Museum of Health and Medicine. It was restored at the request of the Textbook of Military Medicine Project, Office of the Surgeon General, US Army, for use as the frontispiece of "Military Psychiatry: Preparing in Peace for War."
- Wikipedia Description: National Museum of Health and Medicine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The National Museum of Health and Medicine (NMHM) is a museum in Silver Spring, Maryland, near Washington, D.C. The museum was founded by U.S. Army Surgeon General William A. Hammond as the Army Medical Museum (AMM) in 1862; it became the NMHM in 1989 and relocated to its present site at the Army's Forest Glen Annex in 2011. An element of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC), the NMHM is a member of the National Health Sciences Consortium.
History:
The Army Medical Museum and Library building housed the Army Medical Museum from 1887 to 1947 — and again from 1962 to 1969, when the building was razed.
19th century:
The AMM was established during the American Civil War as a center for the collection of specimens for research in military medicine and surgery. In 1862, Hammond directed medical officers in the field to collect "specimens of morbid anatomy...together with projectiles and foreign bodies removed" and to forward them to the newly founded museum for study. The AMM's first curator, John H. Brinton, visited mid-Atlantic battlefields and solicited contributions from doctors throughout the Union Army. During and after the war, AMM staff took pictures of wounded soldiers showing effects of gunshot wounds as well as results of amputations and other surgical procedures. The information collected was compiled into six volumes of The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published between 1870 and 1883.
20th century:
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, AMM staff engaged in various types of medical research. They pioneered in photomicrographic techniques, established a library and cataloging system which later formed the basis for the National Library of Medicine (NLM), and led the AMM into research on infectious diseases while discovering the cause of yellow fever. They contributed to research on vaccinations for typhoid fever, and during World War I, AMM staff were involved in vaccinations and health education campaigns, including major efforts to combat sexually transmissible diseases.
By World War II, research at the AMM focused increasingly on pathology. In 1946 the AMM became a division of the new Army Institute of Pathology (AIP), which became the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) in 1949. The AMM's library and part of its archives were transferred to the National Library of Medicine when that institution was created in 1956. The AMM itself became the Medical Museum of the AFIP in 1949, the Armed Forces Medical Museum in 1974, and finally the NMHM in 1989. During its peak years on the National Mall in the 1960s, every year the Museum saw "as many as 400,000 to 500,000 people coming through". But after its moves to increasingly obscure and out-of-the-way sites, it fell into a period of relative neglect. By the 1990s, it was attracting only between 40,000 and 50,000 visitors a year.
In 1989, C. Everett Koop (in his last year as Surgeon General) commissioned the "National Museum of Health and Medicine Foundation", a private, nonprofit organization to explore avenues for its future development and revitalization, with the aim of ultimately returning its collection to a venue on the National Mall. Proposed was “a site on land that is located east of and adjacent to the Hubert H. Humphrey Building (100 Independence Avenue, Southwest, in the District of Columbia)”. In 1993, a draft bill authored by Sen. Edward Kennedy proposed $21.8 million for moving the existing collection to a new facility to be constructed on that site. That bill, however, was never introduced owing to political difficulties including objections from Constance Breuer—widow of Marcel Breuer, architect of the Humphrey Building—who objected to the view obstruction that would be entailed by the proposed construction. A letter from the Department of Defense to Koop in the mid-1990s, expressed hope that the NMHM exhibits would "one day be provided the appropriate and prominent home they deserve back at the National Mall in the new National Health Museum". But the DoD backed away from contributing to funding a new museum. The Foundation has since been superseded by a new organization, dedicated to creating a new National Health Museum, and which has more ambitious aims and is not dependent on what happens to the existing NMHM.
2011 move:
Due to the closure of WRAMC, NMHM has relocated—for the tenth time—to U.S. Army Garrison-Forest Glen in Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland. Authority over the Forest Glen garrison was transferred from WRAMC to Fort Detrick in October 2008. The NMHM closed its exhibits on April 3, 2011, and reopened in a new building on September 15, 2011.
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