BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center -- Portraits

DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center -- Portraits:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. SIPGPO_150213_01.JPG: John Ashbery (Argyle Socks): John Ashbery (born 1927) is shown here at the beginning of what would become one of the most distinguished careers in American poetry. A prodigy in prep school and at Harvard, he was working as a copyeditor in New York City in the early 1960s when he met and became friends with the artists and writers who would become known as the "New York School." Ashbery would publish more than twenty books of poetry and innumerable other writings, including fiction and art criticism, well into his eighties. In 1973 he won the Pulitzer Prize as well as the other major awards for American poetry. The artist Fairfield Porter was roughly twenty years older than John Ashbery and the other New York School poets of the 1950s. Porter found the younger generation sympathetic personally and inclined to his view that there needed to be a quieter, more introspective aesthetic like this depiction of the poet thinking. Fairfield Porter, 1952
2. SIPGPO_150213_11.JPG: Jonas Salk, 1914-1995 Jonas Salk built his career on developing vaccines against influenza and polio. In the 1940s he helped revolutionize immunology by developing vaccines that did not expose recipients to the disease itself. In 1947, as America confronted a polio epidemic, Salk turned to finding a vaccine for the disease, reporting successful results by 1953; by 1955 the Salk vaccine was in widespread use and dramatically diminished the impact of polio, especially among children. Salk never claimed a patent for the vaccine, asking "Could you patent the sun?" Edmond Romulus Amateis, 1966 cast after 1958 original
3. SIPGPO_150213_18.JPG: Bella Fishko, 1913-1995 Born Odessa, Russia Art dealer Bella Fishko founded the Forum Gallery in New York City in 1961, which she managed until 1988 when she retired, succeeded by her son. The gallery, long a mainstay of the art world, was known for its representation of leading figurative artists even during an era when portraiture and figuration was considered by some critics to be out of fashion for progressive artists. Fishko gave Gregory Gillespie, the artist of this image, his first solo exhibition at the Forum Gallery. Gillespie surrounds the slightly frightening likeness with his own diminutive portrait and some of his own paintings. As one critic noted, Gillespie "is not simply a Surrealist, a Hyperrealist, or a Photorealist; rather, he is himself an assemblage, taking elements from everywhere and transforming them in his deeply personal way." Gregory Gillespie, 1987
4. SIPGPO_150213_75.JPG: Julie Otsuka, born 1962 Born Palo Alto, California Prize-winning writer Julie Otsuka posed for Philip Grausman when she was an undergraduate at Yale University and Grausman was on the faculty. Memories of growing up in California and hearing stories of her grandfather's arrest after Pearl Harbor and the subsequent internment of her grandmother, uncle, and mother led Otsuka to write novels charting the experience of Japanese Americans. She has commented on the link between the "visual" characters that populate her novels and her training as an artist. Grausman's graceful lines and delicate modeling capture a contemplative view of Otsuka, who describes her writing as "deeply internal." Philip Grausman, 1986
5. SIPGPO_150412_01.JPG: Dick Gregory, born 1932 Born St. Louis, Missouri In 1969, graphic designer Milton Glaser produced this poster advertising Dick Gregory's comedy album for the Poppy label, The Light Side: The Dark Side. Gregory had begun his career as a standup comedian in the early 1960s in Chicago, part of an emerging generation of black comedians who drew on current events and racial issues for material. An appearance on The Tonight Show made him nationally famous. At the same time Gregory became an activist in the civil rights and anti-Vietnam movements and ran unsuccessfully for president in 1968. Gregory has remained an author and activist, often going on hunger strikes to show his commitment to various causes. In an era when collecting decorative posters turned into "postermania," Glaser produced a distinctive image with quirky stylization, bold, unexpected colors in the flesh tones, and a bifurcated, light-dark reference to the title. Milton Glaser, 1969
6. SIPGPO_150412_09.JPG: Robert Morris Hunt, 1827-1895 Born Brattleboro, Vermont Richard Morris Hunt, who trained at the �cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, was one of the most distinguished architects in late nineteenth-century America. As founder of the American Institute of Architects, he played a critical role in establishing higher standards for training in his profession. Hunt was at the height of his career when he met French sculptor Jean Gautherin in 1886. During that pivotal year Hunt designed a variety of notable buildings around the state of New York. This bust is signed and dated by Gautherin and inscribed "F. Barbedienne," for Ferdinand Barbedienne, the French metalworker, manufacturer, and established bronze founder. Jean Gautherin, 1886
7. SIPGPO_150502_02.JPG: Shimomura Crossing the Delaware Roger Shimomura, born 1939 As an artist, Roger Shimomura has focused particular attention on the experiences of Asian Americans and the challenges of being "different" in America. He knows well the pain and embarrassment associated with xenophobia. As a small child during World War II, he and his family were relocated from their home in Seattle to a Japanese American internment camp in Idaho. This painting takes as its source Emanuel Leutze's 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware, which is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum in New York City. Shimomura presents himself in the guise of America's founding father; however, he replaces George Washington's colonial troops with samurai warriors and remakes the body of water they cross to resemble San Francisco Harbor, with Angel Island (the processing center for Asian immigrants) in the background. The work echoes the compositional format of a Katsushika Hokusai wood-block print. Self-portrait, 2010
8. SIPGPO_150723_01.JPG: Frank Sinatra, 1915-1998 Born Hoboken, New Jersey Singer-actor Frank Sinatra, one of the most dominant American entertainers of the twentieth century, was a teen idol crooner in his twenties and a critical success in his thirties. After launching an Oscar-winning film career, reviving his reputation as a singer after a slump, and gaining "rat pack" celebrity, he was, by age fifty, a cultural icon. Ed Sorel's drawing of Sinatra, depicting the singer at a peak moment of popularity and influence, appeared on the cover of the April 1966 issue of Esquire magazine. It accompanied Gay Talese's article, "Frank Sinatra Has a Cold," a celebrated example of "New Journalism" that described the extensive entourage that enabled his recordings and his concert, nightclub, radio, television, and film appearances. "A Sinatra with a cold," Talese argued, "can, in a small way, send vibrations through the entertainment industry and beyond." Edward Sorel, 1966
9. SIPGPO_150723_23.JPG: Jonas Salk, 1914-1995 Jonas Salk built his career on developing vaccines against influenza and polio. In the 1940s he helped revolutionize immunology by developing vaccines that did not expose recipients to the disease itself. In 1947, as America confronted a polio epidemic, Salk turned to finding a vaccine for the disease, reporting successful results by 1953; by 1955 the Salk vaccine was in widespread use and dramatically diminished the impact of polio, especially among children. Salk never claimed a patent for the vaccine, asking "Could you patent the sun?" Edmond Romulus Amateis, 1966 cast after 1958 original
10. SIPGPO_150804_05.JPG: Juliana Westray Wood, 1778-1838 Actress Juliana Westray made her stage debut at Boston's Haymarket Theater in 1797. By 1804 she had joined William Wood's Chestnut Street Theatre Company in Philadelphia and also married Wood. The company performed a repertoire of serious drama and literate, witty comedy, and for years she was its favored actress, best known for her performances in Macbeth and School for Scandal. Rembrandt Peale painted her portrait around 1811 when she was at the height of her career. With his respectable, highbrow tastes, William Wood found it difficult to adapt as American culture became more populist and sensationalist by the 1830s. In particular, he disliked the star system, preferring an ensemble cast. During the late 1820s, the Woods operated the theater themselves, but eventually they had to close its doors. by Rembrandt Peale, c 1811
11. SIPGPO_150804_14.JPG: Juan Nepomuceno Seguin, 1806-1890 A prominent politician and hero of the Texas War of Independence, Juan Seguin was from a Tejano (Mexican-Texan) family. Between 1829 and 1834, he held several political posts in San Antonio, including alcalde (city magistrate); he served as the city's military command in the late 1830s. When the Texas Revolution against Mexico erupted in 1835, he fought on the side of the settlers. Seguin was the only survivor at the Alamo, as he was sent for reinforcements before General Santa Anna attacked, and he was instrumental at the Battle of San Jacinto, which won Texas's independence from Mexico in 1836. Tensions continued between Mexico and the Republic of Texas, and Seguin was accused of espionage in the 1840s, while serving as mayor of San Antonio. He fled to Mexico, where the government forced him to fight on tts side during the Mexican American War. Kentucky-born portrait painter Thomas Jefferson Wright arrived in Texas during the spring of 1837 and portrayed many prominent political figures of the Texas Revolution and the Texan Republic. Thomas Jefferson Wright, c 1838
12. SIPGPO_150815_01.JPG: Luis Munoz Marin, 1898-1980 A pivotal figure in Puerto Rican history, Luis Munoz Marin redefined the island's political relationship with the United States and installed initiatives that turned it into a post-World War II showcase of democratic capitalist development in Latin America. A poet and journalist, Munoz Marin founded the Partido Popular Democratico (PPD) in the late 1930s, which attracted the rural poor for its promise of economic and land reform. He became the island's first elected governor in 1948 and was reelected three times. In the 1950s he launched Operation Bootstrap, which transformed Puerto Rico's economy from agrarian to industrial, and Operation Serenity, its cultural counterpart. Working with President Harry S. Truman and the United States congress, he led the creation, in 1952, of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, with a constitution that guaranteed a measure of self-government. This portrait by Francisco Rodon captures Munoz Marin in his later years, as he reflects on the challenges facing modern Puerto Rico and how to invigorate the island's distinct identity. Francisco Rodon, 1974-77
13. SIPGPO_150815_14.JPG: Pablo Casals, 1876-1973 Born Vendrell, Spain Born in Catalonia, Pau Casals was the twentieth century's foremost cellist and a spokesman for democracy and peace. The son of a musician, Casals studied cello, piano, and composition in Barcelona and started touring in 1900. By age thirty he had performed extensively throughout Europe, Russia, and the Americas. Back in Catalonia in the 1930s, he recorded his signature J. S. Bach Suites for Unaccompanied Cello, lifting them from the mere status of studies to that of masterpieces. With the victory of Francisco Franco's regime after the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), Casals went into exile. He served in refugee relief efforts during World War II and advocated in the 1950s for the end of atomic weapons testing. From 1955 until his death he lived in Puerto Rico, where he founded the Festival Pablo Casals of classical music, which endures. Known for his experimentalism in printmaking and his progressive politics, Antonio Frasconi made numerous portraits of social justice leaders and musicians through his career. Antonio Frasconi, after an unidentified photographer, 1959
14. SIPGPO_150815_23.JPG: Benjamin Sonnenberg, 1901-1978 A founder of modern public relations and advertising techniques, Benjamin Sonnenberg shaped advertising as a proactive process that created a market in advance of the availability of a product. One of his partners characterized him as "a conceptual thinker with an extraordinary ability to analyze what was happening in the world of public perception." Sonnenberg also cut a wide figure in New York City's social circles as a bon vivant and patron of the arts. Sonnenberg's lavish lifestyle in his Gramercy Park mansion and ebullient personality have been successfully depicted here by Ren� Bouch�, who has included many of Sonnenberg's favorite items: brass objects from his vast collection, books, photographs, clocks, and, on a side table, two telephones. According to Geoffrey Hellman's 1950 New Yorker profile of the advertising executive, "the polishing of these [brass] items constitutes the principal occupation of the Sonnenberg houseman." Rene Bouche, 1955
15. SIPGPO_150826_01.JPG: Roberto Clemente, 1934-1972 Born Carolina, Puerto Rico Roberto Clemente was born in Puerto Rico, but became a legend in Pittsburgh, where he played his entire eighteen-year major league baseball career. One of baseball's premier hitters, Clemente was also a twelve-time winner of the Gold Glove for his excellence in the outfield. As a Latino, Clemente endured the same hardships and stereotypes as African American ballplayers of the time. He used every opportunity to fight discrimination on and off the field and was determined to better the lives of marginalized people: "Any time you have the opportunity to make a difference in this world and you don't do it, you are wasting your time on this earth." Clemente was killed in an airplane crash on December 31, 1972, attempting to deliver relief supplies to earthquake victims in Managua, Nicaragua. Charles "Teenie" Harris, 1960 (printed 1993)
16. SIPGPO_151028_001.JPG: William A. Campbell, 1917-2012 The Harmon Foundation, a philanthropic organization based in New York City and active from (1922-1967) included this portrait in their exhibition "Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origins" which documented noteworthy African Americans' contributions to the country. Modeling their goal of social equality, the Harmon sought portraits from an African-American artist, Laura Wheeler Waring and Euro-American artist, Betsy Graves Reyneau. The two painters followed the conventional codes of academic portraiture, seeking to convey their sitters extraordinary accomplishments. This painting, along with a variety of educational materials, toured nation-wide for ten years serving as a visual rebuttal to racism. Betsy Graves Reyneau, 1944
17. SIPGPO_151028_011.JPG: George E. Taylor, 1857-1925 The career of George E. Taylor signals the active political engagement of African Americans after the Civil War. The son of an Arkansas slave and a "free Negro woman" who migrated north around 1859, Taylor was raised and educated in Wisconsin. By 1891 he had moved to Iowa, where he owned and edited the Negro Solicitor and was a leader in the African American community. He lived in Florida from 1891 to 1910, editing three local newspapers and continuing his community involvement. In 1904 he became the National Negro Liberty Party's candidate for president, the first African American standard-bearer of a national political party. Taylor's candidacy was a forlorn hope, reflecting the tragic political and racial realities of the late nineteenth century, during which the national parties turned away from civil rights for African Americans. Unidentified photographer, c 1910
18. SIPGPO_151028_024.JPG: Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1815-1902 Elizabeth Cady Stanton said she became a believer in women's rights at age sixteen -- when her brothers went ot college and she could not. Stanton's convictions for women's equality lasted her entire life -- she asked that the word "obey" be removed from the wedding ceremony when she married Henry Brewster Stanton in 1840. That same year she met Lucretia Mott in London at the World's Anti-Slavery Convention, where Henry Stanton was a delegate. Mott was refused official recognition at the convention based on her sex -- prompting Stanton and Mott to conspire to hold a women's rights convention in the United States. Napoleon Sarony, c 1870
19. SIPGPO_151028_030.JPG: Lucretia Coffin Mott, 1793-1880 Lucretia Mott's commitment to ending slavery and securing rights for women became the defining features of her life. A devout Quaker whose activism proved unsettling to some of the more conservative members of her faith, Mott assumed a highly visible role in the abolitionist movement. After joining William Lloyd Garrison at the launch of the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833, she helped to found Philadelphia's Female Anti-Slavery Society. Her concern for women's rights was a natural outgrowth of her abolitionist efforts, and in 1848 Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the convention at Seneca Falls, New York, that gave birth to the women's suffrage movement. Samuel Broadbent Jr. and Henry C. Phillips, c 1865
20. SIPGPO_151028_037.JPG: Frederick Douglass, 1817-1895 Frederick Douglass escaped from bondage in 1838 and soon emerged as a powerful advocate for abolition. When his oratorical brilliance led some to question whether he had ever been a slave, Douglass risked recapture by recounting the details of his biography in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845). In 1847, after supporters in Britain purchased his freedom, Douglass expanded his antislavery activism by launching the North Star newspaper. He later led the call to enlist black troops in the Union army during the Civil War. In the year's following that conflict, Douglass continued his vigorous campaign for the rights of African Americans. George Kendall Warren, 1876
21. SIPGPO_151028_042.JPG: Booker T. Washington and Distinguished Guests Faced with the racial hatred, segregation, and disenfranchisement that followed the Civil War, Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) contended it was unrealistic to expect African Americans to gain entry into America's white-collar professions. Instead, he believed that if they established themselves as a skilled and indispensable laboring class, racial discrimination would gradually disappear. In 1881 he put this theory to the test as director of the newly created Negro Normal School (now Tuskegee University) in Tuskegee, Alabama. As that institution grew, Washington emerged as a leading spokesman for African Americans and worked closely with national leaders, including industrialist-turned-philanthropist Andrew Carnegie (pictures to the right of Washington). Underwood & Underwood, 1906
22. SIPGPO_151028_058.JPG: Ruth Asawa, 1926-2013 When President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, authorizing West Coast military commanders to take whatever steps they deemed necessary for national security after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Ruth Asawa was among the thousands of Japanese Americans confined to internment camps during World War II. Asawa was just sixteen in April 1942 when she entered a holding facility at the Santa Anita Race Track in Los Angeles, where she and other internees were housed in former horse stalls. Six months later, Asawa and members of her family were transferred to a permanent camp, the Rowhar Relocation Center in Arkansas. After completing high school at the camp, Asawa obtained this identity card from the United States War Relocation Authority on August 16, 1943. Granting her "citizen's indefinite leave," the card permitted Asawa to leave Rowhar to attend the Milwaukee State Teachers College in Wisconsin. Identity card with gelatin silver print, 1943
23. SIPGPO_151028_069.JPG: Daniel Inouye, 1924-2012 During World War II, after the US Army lifted its ban on Japanese American enlistment, Daniel Inouye joined the first all-Nisei volunteer unit, winning a Distinguished Service Cross, Bronze Star, and Purple Heart with cluster after losing his right arm. He later received a Medal of Honor. He returned to his native Hawaii to help lead movement that brought political power to the region's ethnic minorities. When Hawaii was admitted to the Union in 1959, Inouye became the new state's first congressman. He was elected to the US Senate in 1952, and in 2010 he became the Senate's senior member -- third in line of presidential succession and the highest-ranking public official of Asian descent in American history. Inouye gained national attention serving on the Senate Watergate Committee in 1974. In 1976 the Senate majority leader appointed him chairman of the Senate Committee on Intelligence, established to reform and monitor clandestine operations. Richard Avedon, 1976
24. SIPGPO_151028_076.JPG: Jaime Escalante, 1930-2010 Hailed as one of the great educators in US history, Jaime Escalante is legendary not just for his teaching, but also for his approach to learning as a right for all people. From 1978 to 1991 Escalante taught math at Garfield High School in East Lost Angeles. Challenging an administrative culture that expected little of its mainly low-income Latino students, Escalante established advanced math courses and transformed these "unteachable" youth into outstanding academic achievers. He became a household name in 1982 when all eighteen students enrolled in his class passed the Educational Testing Services (ETS) Advanced Placement calculus exam. Based on similarities in their answers, ETS accused fourteen of them of cheating. At the agency's request they retook the exam, succeeding again. The story inspired the popular movie "Stand and Deliver" (1988). Today advanced classes are no longer reserved for affluent communities but offered throughout the US public school system, thanks in part to Escalante. George Rodriguez, 1983
25. SIPGPO_151028_086.JPG: Sylvia Rivera 1951-2002 A forerunner in the fight against gender identity discrimination, Sylvia Rivera worked the dicey Times Square district as a trans woman sex worker after she was cast out by [her] family as a teenager. She was there in 1969 at the turning point of the modern LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) struggle for equal rights, when patrons of the Stonewall Inn violently rebuffed a police raid. Politicized by this experience, Rivea campaigned with the Gay Activist Alliance (GAA) in urging the city to enact a nondiscrimination ordinance. However, facing racism and discrimination as a Latina transgender by the mainly white male GAA leadership, she began to work with homeless teenagers, co-founding the militant group and shelter STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries). In the 1990s Rivera was embraced as one of the fundamental figures of the LGBT movement. This portrait shows her flanked by her partner Julia Murray (right) and activist Christina Hayworth at the Saturday Rally before New York's Gay Pride Parade in 2000. Luis Carle, 2000
26. SIPGPO_151028_101.JPG: Andrew J. Young Jr. born 1932 Civil rights activist and public servant Andrew Young was educated at Howard University and earned a divinity degree from the Hartford Theological Seminary. While serving as pastor for a church in Marion, Alabama, in the mid-1950s, he was drawn to the civil rights struggle. A superb strategist and mediator, Young soon joined Martin Luther King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), where he worked to register African American voters and organize peaceful protests. He became one of King's principal lieutenants, and in 1964 King chose him to serve as the SCLC's executive director. Young was with the civil rights leader four years later when King was assassinated in Memphis. Elected to the first of three terms in Congress in 1972, Young was appointed US ambassador to the United Nations during the Carter administration (1977), and later served as mayor of Atlanta. He has since immersed himself in philanthropic work and has written about his experiences in the civil rights movement. Richard Avedon, 1976
27. SIPGPO_151028_109.JPG: Rosa Parks 1913-2005 On December 1, 1955, an African American seamstress named Rosa Parks took a seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Local segregation laws required her to yield that seat should a white passenger want it, and when she refused to honor such a demand, she found herself arrested. It was a minor incident that might well have ended when she paid her ten-dollar fine. Instead, her act of defiance sparked a yearlong protest that forced the city to give up its racist practices in public transportation. More significant, however, Parks's action had ushered in a decade of agitation that would bring an end to much of the legalized racial discrimination in America. Photographer Ida Berman took this picture in the summer of 1955, while Parks was attending a workshop in community activism at Highlander Folk School in Tennessee. Ida Berman, 1955
28. SIPGPO_151110_01.JPG: Maya Lin, born 1959 As a student at Yale University, Maya Lin redefined the conventional notion of a heroic war monument with her understated and controversial design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Her work has continued to gain international attention, including large-scale installations such as Storm King Wavefield and what she describes as her "last memorial," an environmentalist multimedia project titled What Is Missing. Artist Karin Sander's diminutive 3-D scanned portrait reflects the architect's sense of herself as a small part of a global environment. Like so many of Lin's own designs, the unconventionality of this portrait invites the viewer to look more closely and see the sitter in a new way. Karin Sander, 3-D color scan of the living person, polychrome 3-D printing, black and white, scale 1:5, 2014
29. SIPGPO_151110_16.JPG: Carolina Herrera, born 1939 Carolina Herrera's interest in fashion dates back to her childhood, when she began making dresses for her dolls. Even at an early age, she was not afraid to experiment. As a friend recalled, "if the dress was supposed to button in the front, she would try it on backwards." Herrera was reared in a socially prominent family and married into wealth. For a number of years, the elegant flair of her wardrobe won her a place on the world's best-dressed list for women. In 1981 Herrera took the advice of friends and launched her own line of ready-to-wear women's clothing. The venture succeeded quickly, and today her designs are distinguished for their clean elegance of line, fine fabrics, and comfort. Herrera's noted clients have included Nancy Reagan, Jacqueline Kennedy, and Caroline Kennedy. Robert Mapplethorpe, 1979
30. SIPGPO_151210_001.JPG: Marisol, born 1930 One of the foremost artists in postwar America, Marisol was born Maria Sol Escobar to Venezuelan parents and studied art in New York City in the early 1950s. By the early 1960s, she had become part of the contemporary art scene, achieving critical success with sculptures that drew upon traditions ranging from pre-Columbian to American folk art, as well as surrealism reinterpreted in a decidely pop-art style. Her techniques and materials were equally eclectic, including carved wood and stone, plaster and metal casts, neon lights, and assembled found objects such as Coca-Cola bottles and televisions. Infusing her work with her own fondness for satiric whimsy, her individual and group figures offered commentaries on contemporary life. Among her most notable portraits are her droll, toylike renderings of public figures, including Lyndon Johnson and Hugh Hefner. Marisol's sculptures first inspired Judith Shea when she was a student in the 1960s. This portrait is part of Shea's recent series honoring women artists. Judith Shea, 2013 Lent by the Paul and Rose Carter Foundation
31. SIPGPO_151210_015.JPG: Easy Rider Dennis Hopper and Peter Fonda's low-budget counterculture film Easy Rider was a sensation when it was released in 1969. It also helped make B-movie actor Jack Nicholson (born 1937) into a star. Nicholson plays a small-town Louisiana lawyer who gets the main characters out of jail and then rides away with them in pursuit of the quintessential American dream -- the freedom of the open road. He is killed in a savage beating when the trio is attacked by hostile locals. An unlikely hit, Easy Rider introduced Nicholson, and his trademark wise-guy smirk, to a national audience. Hollywood took notice, too: he caught the attention of directors like Stanley Kubrick and a year later received a Best Actor nomination for his role in Five Easy Pieces (1970). Unidentified artist, 1969
32. SIPGPO_151210_022.JPG: Helen Gurley Brown, 1922-2012 Helen Gurley Brown is best remembered as the dynamic editor who took charge of the moribund Cosmopolitan magazine in 1965 and transformed it into a best-selling publication aimed at young professional women. Brown first gained national attention in 1962 with the publication of Sex and the Single Girl, her candid take on "how to stay single in superlative style." For the traditionally minded, this title was an oxymoron at the very least. But the book flew off bookstore shelves and struck a positive chord with early advocates of what would become the sexual revolution. Under Brown's leadership, Cosmopolitan soon emerged as a major outlet for the liberated single woman who came to epitomize the "Cosmo Girl." By the time of Brown's retirement in 1997 after thirty-two years at Cosmo's helm, the magazine's circulation had reached three million, an increase of more than 300 percent. Ann Zane Shanks, 1967
33. SIPGPO_151210_027.JPG: Flannery O'Connor, 1925-1964 During her relatively short life (she was chronically ill with lupus), Flannery O'Connor created a distinctive voice as a writer of novels and short fiction; she is especially important for the quality of personal and religious redemption that animates her writing, a product of her Catholicism. After college in Georgia she attended the famous writing program at the University of Iowa (1945–47), drawing on her thesis for her first published short story and novel, Wise Blood (1952). Her first collection of stories was A Good Man Is Hard to Find (1955); her second, Everything That Rises Must Converge, was published posthumously in 1965. Despite her spare output, O'Connor is considered a master at the craft of American writing. Created by Atlanta-based photographer Joseph Reshower, this portrait appeared on the book jacket for O'Connor's The Complete Stories. Published after the author's death, the anthology received the National Book Award in 1972. Joseph Reshower, 1961
34. SIPGPO_151210_032.JPG: Jack Kilby, 1923-2005 In 1958 electrical engineer Jack Kilby revolutionized modern electronics by inventing "the monolithic integrated circuit," commonly known as the microchip. Fascinated by electronics from childhood, Kilby had dreamed of studying at MIT. But when his scores on the school's entrance exam fell short, he joined the army and served during World War II. He later earned degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois and the University of Wisconsin, with support from the G.I. Bill. Shortly after joining the staff of Texas Instruments in 1958, Kilby found a way to produce a tiny integrated circuit that eliminated the need for vast quantities of components that had to be joined to form elaborate circuits. When electronics manufacturers proved slow to adopt Kilby's microchip technology, he demonstrated its commercial value by co-inventing the first handheld electric calculator. Kilby earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for his integrated circuit and ultimately held more than sixty patents. Lewis Benjamin "Squire" Haskins Jr., c 1960
35. SIPGPO_151210_038.JPG: Lee Iacocca, born 1924 Automobile executive Lee Iacocca introduced the iconic Mustang to Ford Motor Company's lineup in 1964. An experienced salesman, Iacocca became the president of Ford in 1970. Despite being fired by Henry Ford II in 1978, Iacocca was hired by Chrysler Corporation to be its president and chief executive officer in 1979. As CEO, he rescued the company from financial distress through an unprecedented $1.2 billion loan from the federal government. This loan, accompanied with his memorable television commercial challenge -- "If you can find a better car, buy it" -- enabled Chrysler to pay off the loan in 1983, a full seven years early. In David Levine's caricature, we see Iacocca with a shattered lightbulb above his head. Perhaps representative of the groundbreaking ideas used to rescue Chrysler, this addition also highlights Iacocca's skills as an inventive engineer and businessman. David Levine, 1982
36. SIPGPO_151210_044.JPG: Alex Haley, 1921-1992 By the early 1960s, Alex Haley had interviewed such prominent figures as Miles Davis and Martin Luther King Jr. for Playboy magazine; in 1965, he collaborated with Malcolm X in writing The Autobiography of Malcolm X, the acclaimed memoir of the civil rights activist. But it was Haley's 1976 work about his ancestors, Roots: The Saga of an American Family, that made him a household name. This charcoal portrait by artist/author Barnaby Conrad Jr. depicts a thoughtful Haley two years before the publication of his Pulitzer Prize–winning book. Conrad became acquainted with Haley while teaching creative writing, later introducing him to the agent who would eventually publish Roots. In 1977 the television miniseries based on the book captivated a record-breaking 130 million viewers. Although the book has since been acknowledged for weak historical scholarship, its significance is irrefutable, marking a sea change in the national understanding of African American history and genealogy. Barnaby Conrad Jr., 1974
37. SIPGPO_151210_051.JPG: Diana Vreeland, 1903-1989 Born into a family of privilege, Diana Vreeland worked her way up the fashion print industry to become the tastemaker in American and European fashion for nearly fifty years. She honed a distinct voice, penning Harper's Bazaar's "Why Don't You" column in 1936 -- an irreverent call for decadent behavior during the Depression era. After several decades as fashion editor there, she was appointed editor in chief for American Vogue, serving from 1962 to 1971. There, she initiated the 1960s "Youthquake" by bringing in such new talent as teenaged model Twiggy and photographer Richard Avedon. After being fired from Vogue, Vreeland continued to be a force in the fashion world as the visionary behind the critically acclaimed exhibitions at the Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Levine emphasizes Vreeland's severe sartorial and editing habits in this caricature with the stark lines of her dress, her pose, and her most powerful accessory -- her judgmental gaze. David Levine, 1982
38. SIPGPO_151210_058.JPG: Andy Griffith, 1926-2012 As the star of The Andy Griffith Show (1960–68) and Matlock (1986–95), Andy Griffith established himself as one of network television's most beloved personalities. He first gained notice on the big screen starring in Elia Kazan's A Face in the Crowd (1957) and then in No Time for Sergeants (1958), but it was his role as the sheriff of the mythical North Carolina town of Mayberry that won him national popularity. When The Andy Griffith Show debuted on CBS in the fall of 1960, it quickly became Monday night's most popular television program. Before the show's second season, Griffith embarked by train from Hollywood on a two-week cross-country tour to "meet people" and promote the show. Photographer Art Shay captured this image of Griffith in his Sheriff Andy Taylor uniform as the actor leaned out of the train during a whistle stop in Chicago. Art Shay, 1961
39. SIPGPO_151210_065.JPG: George Steinbrenner, 1930-2010 Under George Steinbrenner's thirty-seven-year tenure as owner of the New York Yankees, the team flourished, winning seven world championships and eleven pennants. Despite that success, Steinbrenner was a controversial figure because his brash and sometimes illegal behavior consistently put him in the headlines, even over the achievements of his team and players. Heir to a Great Lakes shipping company, Steinbrenner acquired the Yankees in 1973 and quickly demonstrated an inability to distance himself from the team's daily business, earning himself the nickname "The Boss." The Yankees underwent nineteen managerial changes during his ownership, just one illustration of his hands-on style. David Levine's caricature humorously points out both Steinbrenner's inability to remain unobtrusive as well as his shady money dealings, with a bag of money weighing down the bat he is holding. David Levine, 1982
40. SIPGPO_151210_072.JPG: Ruth Asawa, 1926-2013 Artist and arts education advocate Ruth Asawa was attracted to making art at an early age. In 1942, while being held in a temporary internment camp for Japanese Americans in Arcadia, California, she studied drawing and painting with professional artists who were also internees. A year later, Asawa received a scholarship to train as an art teacher. Because postwar prejudice toward Japanese Americans prevents her from finding a student-teaching placement, she was unable to complete her degree. Subsequent art studies at North Carolina's progressive Black Mountain College encouraged Asawa to become a sculptor. She married, settled in San Francisco and -- despite the demands of growing family -- pursued her career as an artist. Her early work showcased her technique for weaving coils of wire to create airy and evocative sculptures. Later, Asawa's scope expanded to include large-scale public art commissions, such as the Hyatt on Union Square Fountain (1973) in San Francisco. Imogen Cunningham, 1956
41. SIPGPO_151210_077.JPG: Daniel Ellsberg born 1931 Walter Cronkite 1916–2009 Mild-mannered political scientist Daniel Ellsberg was at the heart of the contentious Pentagon Papers incident during the Vietnam War. Ellsberg worked for the Rand Corporation, a defense "think tank," and for the Defense Department -- service that included two years in Vietnam. In 1967 he began working on a Pentagon project compiling a secret history of the Vietnam War using classified documents. As he studied the war, Ellsberg became increasingly disillusioned with American foreign policy, and in an act of conscience he released the secret report to the New York Times in 1971. The government sought to suppress publication and the issue quickly became one of press freedom. It also sought to prosecute Ellsberg on charges of espionage; these were dismissed in a 1973 trial. David Marlin's photograph shows Ellsberg with the iconic American newsman Walter Cronkite, probably the most trusted public figure of his time. It was taken when Ellsberg was eluding capture by federal authorities while leaking the Pentagon Papers. David Marlin, 1971
42. SIPGPO_151210_083.JPG: De Kooning Breaks Through ed Grooms's witty portrait of Willem de Kooning (1904–1997) celebrates the achievements of this important abstract expressionist painter. Replete with visual puns, the work has de Kooning literally "breaking through" the surface of Grooms's print, suggesting the transformative nature of de Kooning's contribution to the history of art. Grooms's imagery specifically references de Kooning's Woman and Bicycle (1952–53), one of a series of Woman paintings that integrated popular culture imagery, such as pinup girls and advertisements, into a fine art context and bridged the divide between abstraction and figuration. Similar dynamics animate Grooms's lithograph. With its sense of playfulness, frenetic movement, and violent tearing of paper, the portrait suggests the humor and energy of an animated cartoon. Combined with the brushwork of action painting and the unexpected three-dimensional folding of paper, Grooms creates a likeness as layered with cultural references as de Kooning's own paintings. Red Grooms, 1987
43. SIPGPO_151210_096.JPG: David N. Martin, 1930-2012 In 1965, when New York City's Madison Avenue was the epicenter of American advertising, David N. Martin and business partner George Woltz broke the "Mad Men" mold by founding their advertising venture in Richmond, Virginia. Originally known as Martin and Woltz (it was renamed the Martin Agency in 1975), the business developed rapidly into one of the nation's largest advertising concerns. Early successes included a marketing campaign for Colonial Williamsburg illustrated by Norman Rockwell. But it was the company's 1969 promotion of Virginia tourism with the memorable tagline "Virginia is for Lovers" that propelled the firm into the advertising industry's upper ranks. More recent successes have included the creation of the popular GEICO Gecko. For many years, this painting by Richmond-based artist Louis Briel hung in the Martin Agency's lobby. Its clever imagery and bright colors capture the spirit of David Martin and the business that flourished under his imaginative leadership. Louis Briel, 1980
44. SIPGPO_151210_102.JPG: Luis Munoz Marin, 1898-1980 A pivotal figure in Puerto Rican history, Luis Munoz Marin redefined the island's political relationship with the United States and installed initiatives that turned it into a post-World War II showcase of democratic capitalist development in Latin America. A poet and journalist, Munoz Marin founded the Partido Popular Democratico (PPD) in the late 1930s, which attracted the rural poor its promise of economic and land reform. He became the island's first elected governor in 1948 and was reelected three times. In the 1950s he launched Operation Bootstrap, which transformed Puerto Rico's economy from agrarian to industrial, and Operation Serenity, its cultural counterpart. Working with President Harry S. Truman and the United States Congress, he led the creation, in 1952 of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, with a constitution that guaranteed a measure of self-government. This portrait by Francisco Rodon captures Munoz Marin in his later years, as he reflects on the challenges facing modern Puerto Rico and how to invigorate the island's distinct identity. Francisco Rodon, 1974-77
45. SIPGPO_151210_117.JPG: Pablo Casals, 1876-1973 Born in Catalonia, Pau Casals was the twentieth century's foremost cellist and a spokesman for democracy and peace. The son of a musician, Casals studied cello, piano, and composition in Barcelona and started touring in 1900. By age thirty he had performed extensively throughout Europe, Russia, and the Americas. Back in Catalonia in the 1930s, he recorded his signature J. S. Bach Suites for Unaccompanied Cello, lifting them from the mere status of studies to that of masterpieces. With the victory of Francisco Franco's regime after the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), Casals went into exile. He served in refugee relief efforts during World War II and advocated in the 1950s for the end of atomic weapons testing. From 1955 until his death he lived in Puerto Rico, where he founded the Festival Pablo Casals of classical music, which endures. Known for his experimentalism in printmaking and his progressive politics, Antonio Frasconi made numerous portraits of social justice leaders and musicians through his career. Antonio Frasconi, after an unidentified photographer, 1959
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2015 photos: Equipment this year: I mostly used my Fuji XS-1 camera but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000. I retired from the US Census Bureau in god-forsaken Suitland, Maryland on my 58th birthday in May. Yee ha! Trips this year: a quick trip to Florida. two Civil War Trust conferences (Raleigh, NC and Richmond, VA), and my 10th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Los Angeles). Ego Strokes: Carolyn Cerbin used a Kevin Costner photo in her USA Today article. Miss DC pictures were used a few times in the Washington Post. Number of photos taken this year: just over 550,000.
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