BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall -- Exhibit: Remembering the American Revolution 1776-1890

DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall -- Exhibit: Remembering the American Revolution 1776-1890:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. DARREM_151110_001.JPG: Remembering the American Revolution 1776-1890 How do you create a collective memory? The American Revolution conjures up scenes of soldiers shouldering muskets, George Washington crossing the Delaware, and founding fathers signing the Declaration of Independence. All of these images, and more, are ingrained in our our [sic] cultural knowledge base. The new nation's first three generations of citizens shaped our memories of the Revolution. They saved and created items to commemorate the struggle for independence to keep Revolutionary ideals alive during an era of great change and conflict. These objects form the foundation for our own memories.
2. DARREM_151110_019.JPG: Ceramics from the DAR Museum Collection: The ceramic objects exhibited in these gallery cases typify the kinds of wares available to the American consumer during the 18th and early 9th centuries. These objects have survived in large part because of their personal, historical or aesthetic value. Most of the ceramics shown here would have been within the means of even the most modest household. Some of these objects, however, were only affordable to the wealthy. Among these are the decorative wares and large dinner services imported from England, France and China. This exhibition makes it possible to study ceramics similar to those in the period rooms but at closer range. Objects contained within these cases are divided into groups by ceramic types like earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.
3. DARREM_151110_034.JPG: Reminders of War Objects directly connected to the American Revolution are rare. Muskets, the primary weapon for both armies, were turned in when soldiers mustered out, or altered for hunting if taken home. American uniforms are even scarcer. Alternatively, family members saved items not obviously martial in appearance, but associated with the individual who participated in the Revolution.
4. DARREM_151110_040.JPG: Reminders of War A Revolutionary War orderly book contains a record of daily orders, courts-martial, and other important events. This orderly book was kept for Captain Christopher Marshall from July-October 26, 1782. It was given to National Society Daughters of the American Revolution by Marshall's great-great granddaughter.
5. DARREM_151110_047.JPG: Reminders of War Christopher Marshall served throughout the Revolutionary War and was present at the dramatic surrender of General Cornwallis at Yorktown. He was an Adjutant in the Tenth Massachusetts Regiment and eventually attained the rank of Captain. In this post-war portrait, he chose to be portrayed in his uniform with buttons bearing the number "10" to denote his regiment. The epaulette indicates rank.
6. DARREM_151110_056.JPG: Private Zebulon Vaughan enlisted in the 5th Massachusetts Regiment in August 1777. He kept this extensive diary through many battles in places like New Haven and Danbury, Connecticut; White Plains; New Rochelle; and Fort Montgomery, New York. Vaughan wrote about daily experiences describing everything from casualties and sickness in camp to marching without shoes in the snow. Vaughan earned his discharge papers on June 14, 1780.
7. DARREM_151110_064.JPG: Reminders of War Lieutenant Jabez Pritchard was one of several men who "Marchd from Derby [Connecticut] for the Relief of Boston" in April 1775 and was discharged in December. He later reenlisted, was captured in August 1777, and died on a British prison ship that winter. His wallet, with its paper notepad containing daily troop maneuvers, inventory of the troop's cooking supplies, and financial transactions (including winning a pair of stockings on a wager), was preserved by his family until it was donated to National Society Daughters of American Revolution in 1933.
8. DARREM_151110_071.JPG: Reminders of War Private Moses Blood from Pepperell, Massachusetts, owned this horn that is decorated and inscribed with his name and "1749". According to family history, Blood carried this powder horn during his campaigns in the French and Indian War (1754-1763), as well as in the American Revolution, where he served under Captain John Nutting and Colonel William Prescott.
9. DARREM_151110_086.JPG: Cult of the Founders George Washington was a role model for American children, particularly after Parson Weems wrote his 1800 biography introducing the myth of the cherry tree. This pair of children's handkerchiefs, intended to be cut in two, points out how "the love of truth mark the boy." The companion handkerchief invites the reader to "behold the man," showing that Washington grew up to fulfill his early promise of greatness and integrity.
10. DARREM_151110_097.JPG: Cult of the Founders Working in the major cities in the eastern United States, the French portraitist Saint-Memin created hundreds of realistic profiles of clients of national and local note. This engraving is from a series of portraits of famous Americans and is based on his original crayon portrait of Thomas Jefferson. It remains one of the best known images of President Jefferson.
11. DARREM_151110_110.JPG: Cult of the Founders In 1795, Rembrandt Peale, the 17-year-old son of famed artist Charles Willson Peale, first painted President George Washington. Throughout Peale's life he tried to perfect that image. Recognizing a market for his portrait, he painted more than seventy copies of this well-known image, depicting Washington in both military and civilian dress. Peale painted the oval frame on the canvas, creating the "porthole effect."
12. DARREM_151110_122.JPG: George Washington at the Farm, mid-1800s probably David Donaldson George Washington stops by a farm dressed in his military uniform in this imagined scene, perhaps to rest and receive the farmer's hospitality. It shows the artist's continued interest in both Washington and the Revolution. Like many of his contemporaries, Donaldson's own son was named Washington.
13. DARREM_151110_130.JPG: Cult of the Founders As the new country faced trials of the 1800s: The War of 1812, the Mexican War, economic uncertainties, and increasing tensions over the future of slavery, images of Washington were joined by other Revolutionary luminaries. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and others were emulated as wise and courageous leaders. The Industrial Revolution meant many more products with Revolutionary imagery could be affordably produced for millions of Americans.
14. DARREM_151110_138.JPG: Touched by Greatness Paul Revere is most known for his legendary ride immortalized in the 1860 poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Fewer people know he was a silversmith and metals entrepreneur. Revere owned brass and iron foundries and a copper rolling mill. When this teapot was made for Agnes McKean of Boston, Revere's son, also named Paul, had joined the business, which was known as Revere and Son.
15. DARREM_151110_145.JPG: Cult of the Founders Benjamin Franklin became America's first ambassador when he was sent to France in 1776 with instructions to form an alliance. Franklin's down-to-earth manner so endeared him to the French that they created many likenesses in his honor. Easily and cheaply reproduced clay medallions made Franklin's face famous among the French. In this terra cotta profile, his trademark fur cap accentuates a carefully cultivated "western" image.
16. DARREM_151110_151.JPG: General George Washington, about 1790-1810 In this small painting, George Washington wears his military uniform with the broad blue ribbon denoting his rank as Commander-in-Chief. Even after his military career was over, people wanted to celebrate George Washington's important role in winning the nation's independence.
17. DARREM_151110_167.JPG: New Ways of Remembering "Our own are the last eyes that will look on men who looked on Washington; our ears the last that will hear the living voices of those who heard his words. Henceforth the American Revolution will be known…by the silent record alone." --EB Hillard, The Last Men of the Revolution The country mourned the December 1799 death of the illustrious Washington. Though not the first veteran of the Revolution to die, his death was a signal of what was to come throughout the 1800s; eventually those who formed the new nation would not be present to provide guidance. How would the ideals of the Revolution be perpetuated? Who would remember the sacrifices of the founding generation?
18. DARREM_151110_176.JPG: Washington the President The unanimous electoral vote that resulted in George Washington's presidency in 1789 remains the only one of its kind in American history. His qualifications were tied closely with the Revolution (commander-in-chief) and with the drafting of the Constitution (president of the 1787 Constitutional Convention). Americans, thrilled with his momentous inauguration, avidly saved souvenirs for posterity.
19. DARREM_151110_179.JPG: Waistcoats, 1780s This waistcoat, worn to Washington's Inaugural Ball in 1789 in New York (then the capital), was saved for its history as much as for its beauty. Who wore it is unclear, but the mere fact that it had a connection to a Revolutionary figure deemed it worth saving, despite its muddled history.
20. DARREM_151110_189.JPG: Washington the President Molly Waterbury, daughter of Brigadier General David Waterbury of Stamford, Connecticut, wore this dress to George Washington's 1789 Inaugural Ball held in New York City. For generations after that, female descendants have worn the dress and had their photo taken in it. Sleeve ruffles and a net fichu from the 1800s were added later to evoke the 1780s.
21. DARREM_151110_196.JPG: Washington the President Waring Molly's Dress 1929: The dress's sleeves and hem are tucked under when Katherine Ella Vail, age ten, dances at a DAR event. 1850s undersleeves resemble 1780s ruffles, and a colonial style wig completes the ensemble. 1953: Katherine Ella's daughter Betsy Behre has a new reproduction petticoat with vintage lace, and a vintage lace "fichu," adding to the period look. The hem has been returned to its original level. 1983: Three cousins -- Betsy's daughters and two nieces -- take turns modeling the dress and its 1953 accessories.
22. DARREM_151110_200.JPG: The Hero Returns! Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, was a French aristocrat who supported the Revolution with such zeal that he crossed the ocean to join the Continental Army. He was 19 years old, but gained immediate popularity among the Americans. As part of Washington's staff, he provided valuable assistance bridging the cultural divide between the structured French soldiers sent to aid the rebelling colonists and the more egalitarian American troops. Lafayette and Washington developed a close friendship that would last beyond the war. In 1824, Lafayette, as he was popularly known in the United States, revisited the country he helped create. The Revolutionaries were dying off. President James Monroe, a veteran, invited him and hoped the great Frenchman's visit would reenergize America's memory of the Revolution. Lafayette had not been forgotten. His ambitious tour of the 24 states then in the union included parades, balls, and parties everywhere he went.
23. DARREM_151110_203.JPG: Silk Kerchief, early 1800s John McKee, whose musket is also in this exhibit, helped the wounded Lafayette off the field at the Battle of Brandywine. Fifty years later, McKee and Lafayette met once again. The grateful Marquis remembered McKee and gave him this kerchief as a token of esteem, which the McKee family saved with pride. Fittingly, McKee died in Fayetteville, Pennsylvania, one of the many places named in the Marquis's honor.
24. DARREM_151110_210.JPG: New Ways of Remembering To Mourn and to Elevate George Washington died December 14, 1799 at his home at Mount Vernon, Virginia. Solemn funeral processions took place in every city across the country during the first weeks of 1800. The sad parades were an outpouring of grief and an illustration of national unity. Authors, orators, and publishers offered hundreds of eulogies to the lost Father of the Country. Classical Greek and Roman imagery appeared on Washington memorial items, associating him with a god-like status. Apotheosis. n -- The elevation of a mortal to the rank of a god. Ascension from death to glory; release from earthly life. Some of the earliest images of apotheosis appear in ancient Roman art, which was enjoying a new popularity in the late 1700s and early 1800s. Since ancient times, artistically portraying a leader as a god was common in western cultures. Venerating Washington using that popular, classical imagery meant that everyone could understand his exalted status.
25. DARREM_151110_214.JPG: New Ways of Remembering To Mourn and To Elevate Printed cotton kerchiefs, like this one, were available for sale in dry goods stores across the new nation. The scene here is based on an American engraving depicting Washington's personal secretary's account of the first president's dying hour, published in many newspapers. The kerchief lists attributes for which Washington was so admired.
26. DARREM_151110_222.JPG: New Ways of Remembering To Mourn and To Elevate Following George Washington's death, individuals created personal memorials to the late president and American Revolution hero. Unlike many painted or silk embroidered tributes, this painted memorial to George Washington is accomplished in a simple manner. Perhaps the initials "TH" on the urn provide the identity of the unknown maker.
27. DARREM_151110_228.JPG: New Ways of Remembering To Mourn and To Elevate Long after George Washington's death, commemorative items continued to be made and sold to Americans wanting to express their patriotism. Classical Greek and Roman imagery appeared on memorial products and associated Washington with a god-like status, otherwise known as apotheosis. Venerating him using this imagery meant everyone could understand his status in the country. This pitcher memorializes Washington by showing him ascending to the heavens. The United States Seal and an 18-link chain represent the states then in the Union.
28. DARREM_151110_231.JPG: New Ways of Remembering To Mourn and To Elevate Unprecedented national mourning followed George Washington's untimely death on December 14, 1799. This engraving was one of many items produced for the grieving public with an apotheosis theme.
29. DARREM_151110_235.JPG: Within Living Memory Before the Revolution, there was no common American identity; citizens identified themselves with their colony. After the United States' implausible victory, the ratification of the Constitution and the election of the universally admired George Washington as president helped lay the foundation for an American consciousness. Items from the Revolutionary era, never plentiful to begin with, were often used into extinction by a frugal citizenry. Objects that were owned by patriots, but that often had no direct role in the War, were therefore seized upon as touchstones to the War. Washington and everything associated with him became exemplars of what was worthy of commemoration. Anything that could be connected to him was valued and saved.
30. DARREM_151110_238.JPG: Sofa, 1765-1790 Colonel Thomas McKean was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and represented Delaware at Continental Congresses in Philadelphia. He also served as president of the Continental Congresses in Philadelphia. He also served as president of the Continental Congress during the 1781 session. This multi-tasking patriot also commanded the Fourth Battalion of the Pennsylvania Associators, a militia unit created by Benjamin Franklin in 1747. When McKean died in 1817, this sofa, valued at $5.00, appeared in his estate inventory.
31. DARREM_151110_252.JPG: Button, 1789 Inscribed "Memorable Era Match the Fourth 1789," this button was produced to celebrate the inauguration day of George Washington. And indeed, witnessing the inauguration of the political experiment known as the United States was certainly memorable.
32. DARREM_151110_259.JPG: Washington the Great George Washington's popularity among the Revolutionary generation was not solely based on his battlefield accomplishments. Again and again, he insisted the democratic experiment that members of the Continental Congress devised be given a chance to work. Though he could have retained power after the War, Washington resigned his commission to return to private life at Mount Vernon.
33. DARREM_151110_261.JPG: Washington the Great Life masks captured what a person truly looked like in an age before photography. In 1785, sculptor Jean Antione Houdon traveled to Mount Vernon and made a mask of George Washington's face to aid his creation of a bust of the Revolutionary War hero. In the 1800s, plaster molder August Lenci advertised copies made from Houdon's mold and reportedly made this mask for artist Emmanuel Leutze, who painted the famous Washington Crossing the Delaware.
34. DARREM_151110_266.JPG: Militia Officer's Coat, about 1810 Thousands of soldiers served in America's Revolutionary armies, but only two of their uniforms are known to survive. Many later militia coats, like this one, were saved by descendants who believed them to date form the Revolution since the blue and white wool was similar to some wartime uniforms. The tailoring details of this coat place it in the 1800s, and it may have seen service in the War of 1812.
35. DARREM_151110_275.JPG: Reimagining the Memory The Civil War brought the Revolution back into everyday conversation. Women organized massive fundraising fairs to support troops that featured Revolutionary War themed programs, displays of relics and "colonial kitchens," and supporters of the Union and the Confederacy each used references to the nation's founding to bolster their side. President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, considered to be one of the greatest speeches in American history, began "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." The 100th anniversary of the founding of the country occurred in 1876, and a grand Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia drew people from around the nation. Once again, a "colonial kitchen" made an encore appearance. All of the Revolution's actors were gone and a new, romantic view of the nation's founding had taken hold.
36. DARREM_151110_288.JPG: Rise of the Lineage Society The Centennial Exposition in 1876 and the 100th anniversary of Washington's inauguration in 1889 kept the Revolution alive in people's minds. Americans were on the move, following jobs in a newly industrialized country. Immigrants arrived from Eastern Europe by the millions in the last decades of the 1800s. These factors led many to want to strengthen their ties to their own history. In 1890, when they were prevented from joining hereditary organizations run by men, a group of women formed the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution.
37. DARREM_151110_291.JPG: Bits and Pieces By the end of the 1800s, objects connected to the War for Independence were in the hands of family members, collectors, and museums. The desire for individuals to own a piece of the Revolution remained, however, instigating a rise in relic collecting. People collected anything, no matter how tenuous, that might be related to the Revolution-pieces of buildings, snips of fabric, and even chunks of trees.
38. DARREM_151110_297.JPG: Shingle, possibly 1700s This shingle purportedly came from the Birmingham Friends (Quaker) Meetinghouse where Lafayette was carried when wounded at the Battle of Brandywine, Pennsylvania, on September 11, 1777. Both American and British forces used the meetinghouse, built in 1763, as a hospital.
39. DARREM_151110_298.JPG: Wood Fragment, 1799-1800 The note surrounding this fragment states that this is a piece of George Washington's mahogany casket removed when his remains were placed in the present marble sarcophagus in 1837. John Augustine Washington III, who was George Washington's great-nephew and Mount Vernon's last family owner, planned to make souvenirs from the salvaged mahogany. He abandoned the scheme, however, because the wood was too deteriorated, and distributed small pieces to relic seekers. According to the note, Washington gave this fragment to his slave Nathan Johnson.
40. DARREM_151110_303.JPG: Wood Fragment, date unknown This piece of wood, according to the note pasted on it, came from the belfry of the Old North Church in Boston, Massachusetts. From the belfry of this church, Paul Revere ordered lanterns hung warning of the British approach to Boston harbor. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow made this event and the church famous in his poem Paul Revere's Ride.
41. DARREM_151110_313.JPG: Shingle, date unknown The Battle of Monmouth took place in New Jersey on June 28, 1788. A house known as the "Parsonage" stood in the field where severe fighting took place. Collected in the late 1800s, this shingle may have come from the Parsonage, which no longer stands.
42. DARREM_151110_319.JPG: Baluster, 1700s This stair baluster may have actually come from the famous John Hancock house on Beacon Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. The house was demolished, under much protest, in the 1860s.
43. DARREM_151110_326.JPG: Wood Fragment, date unknown In the 1830s, a legend began that Washington took command of his army on July 3, 1775, under the "Washington Elm," a tree that lived over 200 years on the Cambridge, Massachusetts Common. After it died in 1923, the tree was cut into pieces and given to relic seekers as well as made into plaques such as this one.
44. DARREM_151110_333.JPG: Fragment, possibly 1700s The myth that Betsy Ross made and presented the first American flag to George Washington was started by Ross's grandson William J. Canby in 1870. This story appealed to Americans eager to hear stories of Revolutionary War heroes and heroines especially on the eve of the centennial celebration. Relic seekers collected this plaster fragment that purportedly came from the cellar of Betsy Ross's house on Arch Street in Philadelphia. Ross didn't create the first flag and she never lived in the house that now operates as a museum.
45. DARREM_151110_337.JPG: Patriotic Products: The Centennial Exposition was intended to celebrate the Revolution but also showcased the accomplishments of American industry. Expanded industrial production meant cheaper goods, some which displayed images of Washington, the Founding Fathers, or Revolutionary War scenes. The items were popular among Americans both old and new. Those with historical ties to the War could promote their pedigree by displaying a coverlet with patriotic designs. Recent immigrants could purchase a lithograph or an inexpensive bookmark with Washington's face to herald their adopted country's ideals.
46. DARREM_151110_340.JPG: Needlework, about 1830-1860 Reimagining the Memory Patriotic Products Sarah Raynes executed a needlework picture on patterned canvas based on the famous painting The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull. This was one of many similar patriotic patterns made for the American market in the mid-1800s.
47. DARREM_151110_349.JPG: Shawl, 1850-1900 George Washington's face adorned numerous items. This may have been made for the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, which celebrated American manufacturers, to show off the intricate designs American power looms could achieve.
48. DARREM_151110_356.JPG: Manuscript, 1892 Rise of the Lineage Society Caroline Scott Harrison was First Lady of the United States when she gave this speech to the members of the newly-formed National Society Daughters of the American Revolution. The women were attending the first Continental Congress, as the annual meeting of the organization is called. It is believed that this speech is the first public address ever made by a First Lady.
49. DARREM_151110_363.JPG: Daughters of the American Revolution Insignia, 1892 This insignia belonged to one of the four founders of the DAR, Eugenia Washington. DAR members are given a national number when they join and Eugenia holds the distinguished position of being DAR member number 1. Her great-great-grandfather was Samuel Washington, brother of George Washington. Samuel served as a colonel in the Virginia Line during the Revolution.
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Wikipedia Description: Daughters of the American Revolution
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is a lineage-based membership organization of women dedicated to promoting historic preservation, education, and patriotism. DAR chapters are involved in raising funds for local scholarships and educational awards, preserving historical properties and artifacts and promoting patriotism within their communities. DAR has chapters in all fifty of the U.S. states as well as in the District of Columbia. There are also DAR chapters in Australia, the Bahamas, Bermuda, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Spain, and the United Kingdom. DAR's motto is "God, Home, and Country." Some state chapters of DAR date from as early as October 11, 1890, and the National Society of DAR was incorporated by Congressional charter in 1896.

Eligibility:

The National Society of DAR is the final arbiter of the acceptability of all applications for membership. Membership in DAR is open to women at least eighteen years of age who can prove lineal bloodline descent from an ancestor who aided in achieving United States independence. Acceptable ancestors include various related categories of known historical figures, including:

* Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence;
* Military veterans of the American Revolutionary War, including State navies and militias, local militias, privateers, and French or Spanish French Revolution and sailors who fought in the American theater of war;
* Civil servants of provisional or State governments;
* Members of the Continental Congress and State conventions and assemblies;
* Signers of Oaths of Allegiance or Oaths of Fidelity and Support;
* Participants in the Boston Tea Party;
* Prisoners of war, refugees, and defenders of forts and frontiers; doctors and nurses who aided Revolutionary casualties; and ministers, petitioners;
* And others who gave material or patriotic sup ...More...
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.) I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
Directly Related Pages: Other pages with content (DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall) directly related to this one: [Display ALL photos on one page]:
- 2020_DC_DAR: DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall (3 photos from 2020)
- 2015_DC_DAR: DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall (14 photos from 2015)
- 2009_DC_DAR: DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall (19 photos from 2009)
- 2008_DC_DAR: DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall (86 photos from 2008)
- 2006_DC_DAR: DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall (2 photos from 2006)
- 2005_DC_DAR: DC -- Foggy Bottom -- DAR Memorial Constitution Hall (24 photos from 2005)
Sort of Related Pages: Still more pages here that have content somewhat related to this one :
- 2008_DC_Gore_080717: Al Gore's National Challenge on Energy and Climate @ DAR Constitution Hall (37 photos from 2008)
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Same Subject: Click on this link to see coverage of items having the same subject: [Museums (History)]
2015 photos: Equipment this year: I mostly used my Fuji XS-1 camera but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000. I retired from the US Census Bureau in god-forsaken Suitland, Maryland on my 58th birthday in May. Yee ha! Trips this year: a quick trip to Florida. two Civil War Trust conferences (Raleigh, NC and Richmond, VA), and my 10th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Los Angeles). Ego Strokes: Carolyn Cerbin used a Kevin Costner photo in her USA Today article. Miss DC pictures were used a few times in the Washington Post. Number of photos taken this year: just over 550,000.
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Photo Contact: [Email Bruce Guthrie].