BGuthrie Photos: TN -- Franklin -- Battlefield sites

TN -- Franklin -- Battlefield sites:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. FRANKB_140526_016.JPG: Carter Gin House: (Historic Plaque) The Carter cotton gin house, the scene of some of the bloodiest fighting of the Battle of Franklin, was located about 80 yards east of Columbia Pike. Generals Adams, Cleburne, and Granbury were killed near here. The gin house, a weatherboarded, frame structure was 36 feet square with massive 24 feet by 36 feet poplar sills to carry the weight of the heavy gin machinery. The sills rested on 8-foot-high stone pillars, thus providing head room for horses which powered the gin by walking in a circle pulling a boom pole. The Federals stripped the structure for materials to be used in the breastworks. About 20 yards in front of the gin were breastworks with deep outer ditches.
2. FRANKB_140526_029.JPG: Carter's Cotton Gin Bloody Ground -- Hood's Campaign -- In September 1864, after Union Gen. William T. Sherman defeated Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood at Atlanta, Hood led the Army of Tennessee northwest against Sherman's supply lines. Rather than contest Sherman's "March to the Sea," Hood moved north into Tennessee. Gen. John M. Schofield, detached from Sherman's army, delayed Hood at Columbia and Spring Hill before falling back to Franklin. The bloodbath here on November 30 crippled the Confederates, but they followed Schofield to the outskirts of Nashville and Union Gen. George H. Thomas's strong defenses. Hood's campaign ended when Thomas crushed her army on December 15-16. Close by stood Fountain B. Carter's cotton gin, near which the 104th Ohio Infantry and other Federal units entrenched early on the morning of November 30, 1864. At 4:00 that afternoon, across the open fields behind you, about 19,000 Confederate soldiers deployed and advanced. This spot, in the heart of the defensive line, was the target of Confederate Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne's division, which included battle-hardened veterans from Arkansas, Alabama,. Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. Cleburne's division hurled itself repeatedly against this position, which formed a crucial salient in the Federal line near the Columbia Turnpike, a few dozen yards to your left. Cleburne and his brigade commander Gen. Hiram B. Granbury were killed near here, as was Gen. John Adams. His horse was shot as it jumped the earthworks and lay dead with its head and forelegs over the parapet. The Federal defense at the cotton gin was ferocious. "It seemed to me that hell itself had exploded in our faces," Confederate Gen. George W. Gordon wrote. An Illinois soldier observed, "I never saw men put in such a hellish position. The wonder is that any of them escaped death or capture." Seven Union soldiers later received the Medal of Honor for acts of courage here: Capt. John H. Brown, 12th Kentucky Infantry, and Corp. Joseph Davis, Pvt. John Gaunt, Pvt. Abraham Greenawalt, Pvt. Newton H. Hall, Capt. George Van Stavoren Kelley, and Pvt. John H. Ricksecker, 104th Ohio Infantry. Harvey The War Dog: Many Union regiments went into battle with mascots. The 104th Ohio Infantry's Harvey left the state with the regiment late in the summer of 1862. He was wounded and captured near Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, in June 1864, but was returned to the "Barking Dog Regiment," as it was known, under a flag of truce. During the Battle of Franklin, he was with Co. F near the cotton gin. Harvey survived the war, and his collar is on display in the Carter House. Patrick H. Cleburne (1828-1864), a native of Ireland, immigrated to America in 1849 after service in the British army. A pharmacist by education, he became a partner in a drugstore in Helena, Ark., then an attorney. He enlisted in the 15th Arkansas Infantry in 1861, was elected captain, and then rose to command a brigade. He became a Confederate hero for his leadership at Shiloh and then at Richmond, Ky., where he was wounded. Cleburne died leading his division at Franklin, Tenn., on Nov. 30, 1864.
3. FRANKB_140526_030.JPG: Harvey The War Dog: Many Union regiments went into battle with mascots. The 104th Ohio Infantry's Harvey left the state with the regiment late in the summer of 1862. He was wounded and captured near Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, in June 1864, but was returned to the "Barking Dog Regiment," as it was known, under a flag of truce. During the Battle of Franklin, he was with Co. F near the cotton gin. Harvey survived the war, and his collar is on display in the Carter House.
4. FRANKB_140526_041.JPG: The Assault on the Cotton Gin
5. FRANKB_140526_051.JPG: The Cotton Gin Assault Into this area rushed elements of four Confederate divisions on November 30, 1864 as they assaulted the Federal line near the Carter cotton gin. Crossed largely by troops from Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne's Division, the area was also flooded by men from Maj. Gen. Samuel French's Division, and some from Maj. Gen. John Brown's and Maj. Gen. Edward Walthall's division. The Southern troops charged forward, crashing into the section of the Federal line between Columbia Pike and the gin held by Brig. Gen. James Reilly's Brigade. Two pieces of Ohio artillery just to the north, near the cotton gin, inflicted horrific Confederate losses. Yet the assault led by Cleburne's troops broke the Federal line and vicious hand-to-hand fighting erupted.
6. FRANKB_140526_067.JPG: Attack on the Union Left Into a Withering Fire -- Hood's Campaign -- In September 1864, after Union Gen. William T. Sherman defeated Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood at Atlanta, Hood led the Army of Tennessee northwest against Sherman's supply lines. Rather than contest Sherman's "March to the Sea," Hood moved north into Tennessee. Gen. John M. Schofield, detached from Sherman's army, delayed Hood at Columbia and Spring Hill before falling back to Franklin. The bloodbath here on November 30 crippled the Confederates, but they followed Schofield to the outskirts of Nashville and Union Gen. George H. Thomas's strong defenses. Hood's campaign ended when Thomas crushed his army on December 15-16. On the afternoon of November 30, 1864, elements of Confederate Gen. William W. Loring's division rushed across the ground in front of you during the Battle of Franklin to attack the Federal left flank here. Union artillery fire from here and from Fort Granger to your right across the river raked Loring's men as they approached, and the obstacle of the Harpeth River forced them to shift across the railroad. Jammed together in overlapping ranks, the Confederates suffered enormous losses. Earlier in the day, as Federal troops constructed earthworks near the railroad tracks, they cut down several acres of Osage orange hedges and spread the thorny branches out in front of the works here. Loring's men, trying to hack their way through, faced sheets of musketry and a deafening chorus of artillery fire from your right in the deepening twilight. Men fell in piles, dead or wounded. Some of them crawled on the hands and knees along the tracks, desperately looking for a way around the Union left flank. The Federals moved two artillery pieces to the edge of the railroad cut and fired point blank into the hapless Confederates. The Union troops here -- mostly Indiana men -- inflicted enormous casualties on Loring's division. Loring's losses totaled almost a thousand, including two brigade commanders. Many of the Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana men who died here were buried along the road and tracks, and in front of the breastworks. A year and half later, they were reburied a mile from here at Carnton in the McGavock Confederate Cemetery. "Oh! What a real comfort it was to know that we who, during the hot Summer (Atlanta) campaign, had stood the crash of so many fierce assaults against their solid fortifications, were now on the right side of the works, and in such a splendid position, with a gentle slope away from us and not even a mullein-stalk to obstruct our fire for a good third of a mile." -- Union Capt. Eli T. Scofield
7. FRANKB_140526_071.JPG: Attack On The Union Left Confederate Regiments from Brig. Gen. Thomas Scott's, Brig. Gen. John Adams', and Brig. Gen. Winfield Featherstons's Brigades of Maj. Gen. William Loring's Division advanced under artillery fire through this northwestern parcel of Carnton across the Nashville and Decatur Railroad tracks to face Osage Orange abatis and entrenched Federal Forces equipped, in part, with repeating rifles. The troops made the final 60 yards with fixed bayonets to face withering rifle fire that "swept our ranks like hail." To escape the enfilading rifle fire, survivors fell back to the ravine on Carnton, still under artillery fire. Wheeling his troops west, reportedly, Gen.Adams rode into this ravine, his horse nearly stepping on Cpl. Joseph Thompson, 35th Alabama, wounded by cannon shot.
8. FRANKB_140526_074.JPG: Lot No. 1 in the Plan of Carnton William C. and Lucy Ellen Birch Collins purchased this 3½-acre, northwestern parcel of Carnton Plantation in 1867. The dwelling, built about this time, is a "saddlebag" style, typical of common folk, Reconstruction-era houses. The F.B. Carter estate lay across the tracks to the west. George W Cuppet, Collins' son-in-law, had supervised the reinternment of the Confederate soldiers in McGavock Cemetery. In 1911 the property was bought by Thomas P. Henderson, a prominent Franklin attorney, who, at the end of WWI, was a member of the plot to kidnap the German Kaiser Wilhelm from his sanctuary in Amerongen, Holland. For fifty-five years, the home and gardens of "Captain Tom" and Lucille Carter Henderson served as an entertainment center for many local, state, and national personalities involved in politics, the arts, education, and literary achievements.
9. FRANKB_140526_102.JPG: Battle of Franklin Cavalry in the Battle On the morning of November 30, 1864, some 5,000 Federal cavalrymen under Gen. James H. Wilson were in this area. Most were located to your right front, east of the Harpeth River, but Gen. John T. Croxton's brigade remained west of the river. By late in the morning, Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's 5,000 cavalrymen reached Franklin, and some began skirmishing with Croxton's troopers. Forrest soon advocated crossing the Harpeth to the east in an effort to flank the main Federal army. But the Union cavalry, a Union infantry division in reserve north of the river, and reserve Federal artillery pieces near Fort Granger made any flanking movement a difficult proposition. Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood opted against Forrest's proposal and instead ordered a frontal assault against the main Federal line. In the Confederate cavalry attack, Gen. James R. Chalmer's division moved against the Federal west flank one mile northwest (1.6 km) to your left but was unable to achieve any success. Gen. Abraham Buford's division moved north along Lewisburg Pike and encountered Croxton's troopers. Buford eventually pushed them back across the river at McGavock's Ford to your right but had little success otherwise. About .9 mile southeast of here, Gen. William H. Jackson's division crossed the Harpeth River at Hughes's Ford and engaged Gen. Edward Hatch's horsemen. After a brief but intense fight, Hatch forced Jackson's troops back to the river's western side At all three points, the Federals held their flanks and enabled the remaining Union forces to concentrate against the Confederate infantry assault. Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest often played large roles in small battles and small roles in large battles. The latter was certainly true at Franklin, where his desire for a flanking maneuver to the east was overruled by Union strength, unfavorable terrain, and Gen. John Bell Hood's order of a direct frontal assault. As a result, Forrest's men remained on the fringes of the battlefield and suffered relatively few casualties. Among the military units that fought at the Battle of Franklin was Company F, 4th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (CSA). That company was organized here in John McGavock's grove in 1861. In the Confederacy, Tennessee ranked first in total livestock. Early in the war, the state's vast supply of horses enabled the South to dominate cavalry operations, but by 1864 the Union controlled most of Tennessee as well as the state's supply of draft animals. As a result, Union cavalry successes increased as Southern troopers gradually pushed their own dwindling number of horses to the point of exhaustion.
10. FRANKB_140526_115.JPG: The Harpeth River Lowhead Dam Removal & Restoration Project 2012
Wikipedia Description: Battle of Franklin (1864)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Second Battle of Franklin was fought on November 30, 1864, in Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducted numerous frontal assaults against fortified positions occupied by the Union forces under Maj. Gen. John Schofield and was unable to prevent Schofield from executing a planned, orderly withdrawal to Nashville.

The Confederate assault of six infantry divisions containing eighteen brigades with 100 regiments numbering almost 20,000 men, sometimes called the "Pickett's Charge of the West", resulted in devastating losses to the men and the leadership of the Army of Tennessee—fourteen Confederate generals (six killed, seven wounded, and one captured) and 55 regimental commanders were casualties. After its defeat against Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas in the subsequent Battle of Nashville, the Army of Tennessee retreated with barely half the men with which it had begun the short offensive, and was effectively destroyed as a fighting force for the remainder of the war.

The 1864 Battle of Franklin was the second military action in the vicinity; a battle in 1863 was a minor action associated with a reconnaissance in force by Confederate cavalry leader Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn on April 10.
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