BGuthrie Photos: MD -- Baltimore -- Patterson Park

MD -- Baltimore -- Patterson Park:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. PATTPK_140413_050.JPG: Hope (1872) Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (French) [Off the Wall print from the Walters Art Museum.]
2. PATTPK_140413_076.JPG: Patterson Park Civil War Camp and Hospital During the Civil War Patterson Park served as a U.S. Army camp, one of several established as part of the Federal occupation of Baltimore. In 1861 the 10th Maine Infantry Regiment occupied Camp Washburn (named for Maine Gov. Israel Washburn) in the southern part of the park. Soon the camp was expanded and renamed Camp Patterson. In 1862, U.S. Army General Hospital Patterson Park was established here as Baltimore became a hospital town, with similar facilities filling other city parks and open spaces. After the war, when the camp and hospital were demolished, Patterson Park was redesigned and reconstructed over several years. Hampstead Hill, where the park is located, held a fortification called Rodgers' Bastion during the War of 1812 when British forces threatened Baltimore. Afterward, the area became a favorite of city residents for picnics and excursions. In 1827, landowner William Patterson offered six acres to the city for a park; the government purchased another 29 acres from Patterson's heirs in 1850. On July 23, 1853, 20,000 people turned out for the park's grand opening. After the Civil War, several designers including George A. Frederick, Charles H. Latrobe, and the Olmsted firm had a hand in crafting a new version of the park. Today, Patterson Park preserves much of its picturesque Late Victorian landscape but also includes recreational elements to encourage residential visitation and use. Hospital Town Patterson Park, as well as almost every other public park and plot of open space in Baltimore, became a hospital during the Civil War. Especially after the Battles of Antietam (September 17, 1862) and Gettyburg (July 1863), thousands of Union and Confederate wounded flooded into the city. Fort McHenry's post hospital treated many of the Confederate officers wounded during "Pickett's Charge" on July 3, 1863. Several Maryland relief organizations were founded in Baltimore to help treat the wounded closer to the battlefields.
3. PATTPK_140413_088.JPG: The Pagoda will be open every Sunday, noon-6pm starting April 20th, through October 12th (weather permitting). The pagoda is free and open to the public thanks to the Friends of Patterson Park's volunteer Pagoda Team! If you would like to help call 410-276-3676 or email volunteer@pattersonpark.com
4. PATTPK_140413_101.JPG: This Cannon Marks Rodgers Bastion 1814-1914 This cannon marks Rodgers Bastion which formed part of a chain of fortifications extending from the river front to and beyond the site of the present Johns Hopkins Hospital, manned in part by an auxiliary naval force, under immediate command of Commodore John Rodgers. These, with other troops, amounting in all to some 12000 men, with 100 guns were under General Samuel Smith, Commander-in-Chief of all forces in the field.
5. PATTPK_140413_117.JPG: To Commemorate the Centennial of the Writing of the "Star Spangled Banner," the Pupils of the Public Schools of Baltimore have erected this Memorial upon Hampstead Hill * where, in September, 1814 the Citizen Soldiers of Maryland stood ready to Sacrifice their Lives in Defense of their Homes and their Country. - 1914 -
6. PATTPK_140413_216.JPG: General Casimir Pulaski March 4, 1748 - October 11, 1779 "Hero of the American Revolution" "Father of the American Cavalry" Architect: AC Radzaszcwski Sculptor: Hans Schuler
7. PATTPK_140413_220.JPG: General Casimir Pulaski Casimir Pulaski (Kazimierz Pulaski) was born in the late 1740's in Warsaw, Poland. In his native country he fought against Imperial Russia, winning fame and respect for his brilliant and daring attacks on the Russian forces attacking his country. With recommendations from Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette, in 1777 Pulaski joined the American War for Independence. On September 15, 1777, he was commissioned a Brigadier General and made "Commander of the Horse." He is considered the "Father of the American Cavalry." At largely his own expense, he formed an independent cavalry and infantry corps in Baltimore, known as that time as ‘Pulaski's Legion." While leading a cavalry charge against the British at Savannah, Georgia, he was mortally wounded on October 14, 1779. In 1929, the Pulaski Monument Committee commissioned architect A.C. Radziszewski and sculptor Hans Schuler to design a monument depicting Pulaski leading his final cavalry charge. On October 14, 1951, the completed monument was dedicated. In 2001, for its 50th anniversary, under the leadership of the Pulaski Monument Restoration Committee, Polish Legion of American Veterans General Casimir Pulaski Post 209, the Baltimore City Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation, Department of Recreation and Parks, and the Friends of Patterson Park, the monument was restored and rededicated. While visiting Bethlehem, PA, Pulaski received a silken banner made by Moravian nuns. This is one of the first instances that the US abbreviation was used. Image courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society. Pulaski Monument Restoration Committee, Sponsor Sheila Dixon, Mayor
8. PATTPK_140420_045.JPG: The Pattersons and Their Contributions: Patterson Park was named for William Patterson, who donated six acres of his 200-acre tract for a Public [sic] Patterson Park was named for William Patterson, who donated six of his 200-acre tract for a Public Walk, in 1827. This parcel of land, on the west side of what is now Patterson Park, formed the nucleus for the Park's future development. The high knoll was already a favorite promenade of East Baltimore, with picturesque views of the harbor, Rodger's Bastion (where the Pagoda now stands), and the rolling ravines of Harris Creek (now underground). Before his death in 1835, Patterson improved the fledgling park by planting several hundred trees of twelve varieties. William Patterson was an Irish immigrant. He created a successful shipping business, and was known for this patriotism by greatly assisting his new country's Revolutionary War effort. He built up a great fortune, rivaling the richest man in Maryland, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Patterson invested his wealth in his shipping business and real estate. One such purchase was the 200-acre Roger's estate on Harris Creek in 1792. The property extended to the Patapsco River and wharves at the Baltimore basin. From the highest point on his land, Patterson could see his ships entering the harbor. Although his home was not on this future site of Patterson Park, it is said that he enjoyed his land. Patterson made many contributions to America and to Baltimore, including his role as one of the founders of the B&O Railroad. But, he is perhaps best known for his daughter, Elizabeth (Betsy), and her ill-fated marriage to Jerome Bonaparte, the brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. Even though the union produced a child, Napoleon was so chagrined by the marriage, he forced Jerome to return to France and had a marriage annulled. Betsy was whisked away to England to bear their child (Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte), while Jerome (the father) became King of Westphalia. Much of the neighborhood around the Park was owned and developed by Patterson heirs.
9. PATTPK_140420_051.JPG: The Pagoda -- An Icon of the 'Gilded Age': To the first-time visitor, the Pagoda may seem just as fanciful memento of a bygone era. But, observed more closely, and viewed in historic context, it soon becomes clear that the Pagoda is a major architectural masterpiece, standing as a lasting tribute to one of Baltimore's finest hours. Designed and built in 1891 by architect Charles H. Latrobe, the "Patterson Park Observatory" was created to commemorate the Battle for Baltimore (September, 1814). It stands on Hampstead Hill, at the site of Rodger's Bastion, a large breastwork with 100 naval cannons. Here, 12,000 men, mostly Baltimore volunteers, repulsed the British as they bombarded Fort McHenry. The tenacity of Baltimoreans at both locations resulted in a British retreat, thus saving the city from being burned, as had just been Washington's fate. Latrobe's Pagoda design reflects the Victorian taste for things exotic, as well as the enormous popularity of Oriental goods which arrived on ships in the harbor below. The elegant structure is also a symbol of the "Gilded Age." During the late 19th Century, many large municipal parks were created, in which whimsical buildings figured prominently in the landscape. The Pagoda, which one overlooked a Music Pavilion and Conservatory, is one of the last remaining treasures of that era.
10. PATTPK_140420_057.JPG: The Pagoda Restoration: From Decay to Icon: Today, the Pagoda is a classically, beautiful, neighborhood icon, due to its craftsmanship restoration in 2002, but it hasn't always been in such good condition. Until 2001, the Pagoda was fenced off and closed to spectators for thirteen years its windows were broken and boarded up, its paint was chipping and faded, without maintenance much of its wood was rotten, its exterior was overgrown with weeds and pigeons roosted, everywhere leaving their mark. The Pagoda was decaying, condemned and no one was allowed to enter the once celebrated Pagoda. The community lobbied for funds to renovate this park gem and in 2000 the Baltimore City Department of Recreation and Parks began the process of restoration. Together, Baltimore City planners, the community and the Friends of Patterson Park created a design plan and in 2001 construction began. Worcester Eisenbrandt, Inc., noted historical preservationist, was chosen to renovate the Pagoda. This complete renovated included: the replacing of rotten wood and new boards, removal of all paint and the repainting in all 1891 original colors, all new glass in windows and the installation of stained glass from the 1891 original plans, four ornate floral gardens, eight entrance urns and new lights. You can really see the results and once again the Pagoda brings community pride.
11. PATTPK_140420_064.JPG: Preserving Our Heritage: Park Improvement: After the Civil War, park engineer Augustus Faul worked with famed architect George A. Frederick, to design and build notable features in Patterson Park. The graceful fountain, near the Lombard Street entrance, was built in 1865, and the entrance structures there, in 1869. The Superintendent's House (White House) was completed in 1866, and various service buildings were added between 1870 and 1881. Entrances at Lombard Street/Patterson Park Avenue, Linwood Street, and Eastern Avenue were all restored in 2002. The fountain restoration will be completed in 2003, thanks to a $100,000 gift from the TKF Foundation. Restoration of the Pagoda was completed in 2002, with grants from the Maryland Historical Trust and Program Open Space, plus numerous private donations/ The Boat Lake, another popular historic Park feature, was neglected for many years. Work on its restoration (a $2.2 million project) was begun in 2002, and completed in 2003. Always an important habitat for Park wildlife, the restored Boat Lake now enhances life for the great variety of birds, turtles, insects, amphibians and fish that make their home there. It is also a key recreational attraction for Batimoreans once again, as it was in days gone by. Other recent Park improvements include: Pulaski Monument renovation, 2001; Victorian style perimeter lighting, 2002; new flagpoles, 2001-2002; a new playground and an urban fitness trail, 2003.
12. PATTPK_140420_067.JPG: Rodgers' Bastion & The Battle for Baltimore: Many best know Baltimore's role in the War of 1812 against the British for the famous Battle of Baltimore, during which Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner. But the very spot on which the Pagoda stands here in Patterson Park played a pivotal role in this conflict. The United States had declared war on the British because they were interfering with our free trade with the world by blockading our ships, stealing the ship's cargo, and forcing our sailors to work and fight on British ships. The US developed faster ships that could do the same to the British as they did to us. They were called Clippers, and they were built in Baltimore. Because of our successful privateering, the London Times called Baltimore "a nest of pirates." On August 24, 1814, the British burned much of Washington DC. They next turned their attention to Baltimore, because they wished to put an end to the privateering. They intended to sail their ships past Fort McHenry, and into the Baltimore Basin. From there they would bombard the city at close range, and at the same time, send foot soldiers from North Point into Downtown Baltimore, burning and looting as they went along. The British flotilla of war ships entered the North Branch of the Patapsco (where Key Bridge is today), landed troops at North Point, and preceded to fire away at Fort McHenry. The troops there managed to hold them off. At North Point, where the British troops were massed, things went terribly wrong. First, the famous British General Ross, who had defeated Napoleon, was shot off his horse by two Baltimore teenagers (Henry McComas and Daniel Wells); then a fierce storm made the march toward Baltimore miserable. But the worst was yet to come. Up on Hampstead Hill (site of the Pagoda), Commodore John Rodgers of the US Navy, set up a large battlement called Rodger's Bastion, made up of 12,000 men (mostly volunteers from Baltimore) and 100 cannons. As the British troops approached, they knew they could no longer get support from their ships because of Fort McHenry's gallant fight. They soon realized that they could not get past the assemblage at Rodger's Bastion without heavy casualties. So, they retreated and left Baltimore unscathed. The Pagoda stands on the site of Rodger's Bastion, and was built to commemorate this proud day for Baltimore. You can still see the Bastion's mounded earth around the base. Robert Ross (British Army officer) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Robert Ross (1766 – 12 September 1814) was an Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army who participated in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812, (1812-1815). He is most well known for the Burning of Washington, which included the destruction of the White House and The Capitol, and for his failure to invest Baltimore. He died at the Battle of North Point before the infamous Bombardment of Fort McHenry the next day. Early life Ross was born in Rostrevor, County Down, Ireland, to Major David Ross, an officer in the Seven Years' War and his mother, half-sister to the Earl of Charlemont. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, where he was a treasurer of its College Historical Society and joined the 25th Regiment of Foot as an ensign in 1789. Napoleonic Wars Ross fought as a junior officer at the battles of Krabbendam in the Netherlands in 1799 and the Battle of Alexandria in Egypt in 1801. In 1803, he was promoted to major and given command of the 20th Regiment of Foot. He next fought at the Maida in the Kingdom of Naples in 1806. He was promoted to Lieutenant–Colonel at the end of 1808 and fought in the Battle of Corunna in Spain in early 1809. In 1810, Ross was made a full Colonel as well as aide-de-camp to the King. Peninsular War In 1813 Ross was sent to serve under Arthur Wellesley in the Peninsular War and commanded his regiment at the battles of Vittoria, Roncesvalles and the Sorauren that year. He was seriously wounded in the left side of his neck at the Battle of Orthes, on 27 February 1814, and had just returned to service when he was given command of an expeditionary force to attack the United States. War of 1812 Ross sailed to North America as a Major General to take charge of all British troops off the east coast of the United States. He personally led the British troops ashore in Benedict, Maryland, and marched through Upper Marlboro, Maryland, to the attack on the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg on 24 August 1814, causing the hastily organised militia of the American army to collapse into a rout. Moving on from Bladensburg, Ross moved on to nearby Washington, D.C., and was fired upon; his horse was shot from under him. The public buildings, facilities and Navy Yards of the city, including the United States Capitol and the White House were burned as retaliation for destructive American raids into Canada, most notably the Americans' Burning of York (modern Toronto) earlier in 1813, which were themselves in retaliation to British raids into the United States. Controversy surrounds Ross's decision to destroy public property but spare private property during the burning. Ross then was persuaded to attack Baltimore, Maryland. His troops landed at the southern tip of the "Patapsco Neck" peninsula (between the Patapsco River and Baltimore Harbor on the south and Back River on the north) of southeastern Baltimore County at North Point, twelve miles southeast from the city, on the morning of 12 September 1814. En route to what would be the Battle of North Point, a part of the larger Battle of Baltimore, the British advance encountered American skirmishers. General Ross rode forward to personally direct his troops. An American sharpshooter shot him through the right arm into the chest. According to Baltimore tradition, two American riflemen, Daniel Wells, 18, and Henry McComas, 19, fired at him and one of them had fired the fatal shot. Ross died while he was being transported back to the fleet. Ross's body was preserved in a barrel of 129 gallons (586 l) of Jamaican rum aboard HMS Tonnant. When the Tonnant was diverted to New Orleans for the forthcoming battle in January 1815, his body was shipped on the British ship HMS Royal Oak to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where his body was interred on 29 September 1814 in the Old Burying Ground. Legacy He is commemorated by a 99-foot granite obelisk near the shoreline of Carlingford Lough in the Ross home village of Rostrevor, County Down in Northern Ireland, as well as by a monument in St Paul's Cathedral in London, England. The inscription on the monument reads: DEDICATED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT ROSS WHO HAVING UNDERTOOK AND EXECUTED AN ENTERPRISE AGAINST THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, THE CAPITAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WHICH WAS CROWNED WITH COMPLETE SUCCESS WAS KILLED SHORTLY AFTERWARDS WHILE DIRECTING A SUCCESSFUL ATTACK UPON A SUPERIOR FORCE NEAR THE CITY OF BALTIMORE ON THE 12TH DAY OF SEPTEMPTER 1814 Neither General Ross nor his immediate descendants were knighted or received a title of nobility. However, his descendants were given an augmentation of honour to the Ross armorial bearings (namely, a second crest in which an arm is seen grasping the 15 stars and 15 stripes on a broken staff) and the family name was changed to the victory title "Ross-of-Bladensburg", which was granted to his widow. In honour of the history of Washington, D.C., there is also a portrait of Ross in the U. S. Capitol's rotunda and several illustrations in various War of 1812 historical sites in the Baltimore area, including a Monument near the site off Old North Point Road where he supposedly was shot. Additional details and exhibits have been preserved in various Baltimore historical institutions, such as the Star Spangled Banner Flag House (also known recently as the Flag House and Star-Spangled Banner Museum) and the National Park Service site of Fort McHenry's visitor center exhibits and in the local Dundalk-Patapsco Neck Historical Society museum in Dundalk. Traditionally the two snipers/riflemen "Wells and McComas" (of the unit of Aisquith's Sharpshooters") were buried in a local churchyard mourned by their fellow soldiers and citizens of the Town, but later in the 1850s were exhumed and reburied after elaborate processions and funerals in a monumental tomb in Ashland Square, off of Orleans Street and North Gay Street in the Jonestown/Old Town neighborhood of East Baltimore. City streets were also named for them in South Baltimore.
13. PATTPK_140420_073.JPG: Gone But Not Forgotten: After the Civil War, Baltimore's city planners began to restore what we now know as Patterson Park. During the Victorian era it was fashionable to create pastoral landscapes in city parks, complete with fanciful buildings. The young architect, George A. Frederick, was hired to create such structures and other architectural features in Patterson Park. Many of these buildings survive today. Unfortunately, two of the most delightful Victorian buildings have now been lost. An elegant glass Conservatory, built in 1876, which sheltered exotic plants from all over the world, succumbed to decay over the years, and was finally torn down. The beloved octagonal Music Pavilion, the scene of countless concerts and romantic trysts, was destroyed by fire in 1972. At the turn of the 20th century, public hygiene was a civic concern, and a Free Public Bath Commission was created. This Commission was a proponent for public swimming pools, since many households did not have access to private baths. A smaller lake in Patterson Park was converted into a public swimming facility with a graded sandy beach. During the winter months it was used for ice-skating. Now, there is an Olympic-sized swimming pool and a Mimi DiPietro Family Ice Rink for indoor skating.
14. PATTPK_140420_081.JPG: The Friends of Patterson Park -- Get Involved!!!
15. PATTPK_140420_097.JPG: Patterson Park -- Baltimore's Best Back Yard: For generations Baltimoreans living in the southeast area have used Patterson Park for playing, learning, picnicing, socializing, resting, having fun making it Baltimore's Best Backyard. Many people have lasting fond memories of Patterson Park and many new ones are being created every day.
16. PATTPK_140420_103.JPG: Panoramic View
17. PATTPK_140420_108.JPG: Patterson Park as Host to Civil War Troops: During the Civil War, many of Baltimore's parks were sites of Union encampments. The military presence was established not from fear that the Confederacy would advance on Baltimore from the South, but to prevent Baltimore and Maryland from seceding from the Union. This would have left President Lincoln and the Union government caught between Confederate Virginia and secessionist Baltimore. So, martial law was enacted and Baltimore's large parks and estates were inhabited by soldiers. Patterson Park was one such park that played host to an encampment. A large Union camp of tents stretched throughout the park. There was also a large 1,000-bed surgical hospital called Camp Washburn, where many soldiers from the Battle of Gettysburg convalesced. The encampment was dissolved and the hospital torn down after the war, 1864. Butchers Hill, the neighborhood to the immediate west of Patterson Park, prospered greatly during the Civil War. This enclave of well-to-do merchants and butchers sold canned meat to the troops massed throughout the city. Their newfound wartime fortune translated into the building of some of the superb homes that remain here today. One such example is the lavish home known at Gunther Mansion, but by the butcher, Jacob J. Bankard, at the corner of Chester and Baltimore Streets in 1864.
18. PATTPK_140420_115.JPG: The Victorian Park Movement: The post-Civil War industrial prosperity gave rise to the creation and further development of large urban parks in cities throughout America. Many Victorians traveled widely, and were captivated by the beautiful parks they found throughout Europe. They brought back a wealth of new ideas and encouraged their cities to develop bucolic urban oases for the enjoyment of all. Their love of nature and the great outdoors was also inspired by Emerson's Transcendentalist Movement, daring wilderness expeditions, and the vast romantic landscapes of Thomas Cole and the Hudson River School artists. Central Park in New York City and Golden Gate Park in San Francisco are notable examples of the huge city parks undertaken or improved during the Victorian Era. Concepts for these parks included abundant trees and plants (often exotic imported species), fountains and small lakes, and whimsical buildings with European or Oriental motifs. The opening of trade with Asian countries, and faster ships to bring their intriguing goods to our shores, sparked an enthusiasm for all things Oriental. This theme was often incorporated into various aspects of park design during that time. In Baltimore, Patterson Park and Druid Hill Park are two superb examples of large urban parks that were enhanced during the Victorian era. They embodied many of the popular landmarks used then: rolling landscapes, lakes, fanciful fountains, unusual trees, conservatories for imported plants, and other delightful buildings. (The Pagoda is a splendid reflection of the fashion for Oriental design.)
Wikipedia Description: Patterson Park
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Patterson Park is a public park in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. The park is bordered by East Baltimore Street on the north, Eastern Avenue on the south, South Patterson Park Avenue on the west, and South Linwood Avenue on the east. The Patterson Park extension lies to the east of the main park, and is bordered by East Pratt Street on the north, South Ellwood Avenue on the east, and Eastern Avenue on the south.

Recreation

The park has smooth pathways suitable for biking and jogging. Its notable features include the boat lake (where fishing is permitted), the marble fountain, the General Casimir Pulaski Monument, and the Patterson Park Pagoda. Also known as the Patterson Park observatory, the Pagoda was built as an observation tower for viewing the city. The sports fields are open for use to anyone who wants to play a game, and there are public tennis courts as well. Two playgrounds are located in the park. It has a swimming pool, open during the summer, and an ice skating rink operates during winter. Since December 2012 the park also has a fenced in dog-park. During the summer and early autumn, several festivals are held in the park. The area surrounding the park is part of an innovative urban renewal campaign by the city and neighborhood leaders.

Nature

There are no heavily forested areas of Patterson Park; however, there are plenty of open spaces. The boat lake, recently reconstructed, is inhabited mostly by mallard ducks, but its avian visitors include American coots and wood ducks. Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets are occasionally seen on the lake. There are also fish, frogs, and turtles in the lake.

History

The high ground at the northwest corner of Patterson Park, called Hampstead Hill, was the key defensive position for U.S. forces against British ground forces in the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. The redoubt was known as Rodgers Bastion, or Sheppard's Bastion, and was the centerpiece of the earthen line dug to defend the eastern approach to Baltimore, from the outer harbor in Canton north to Belair Road. On September 13, 1814, the day after the Battle of North Point, some 4,300 British troops advanced north on North Point Road, then west along the Philadelphia Road toward Baltimore, forcing U.S. troops to retreat to the defensive line. When the British began probing actions, the American line was defended by 100 cannon and more than 10,000 troops. The American defenses were far stronger than anticipated, and U.S. defenders at Fort McHenry successfully stopped British naval forces from advancing close enough to lend artillery support, and British attempts to flank the defense were countered. Thus, before dawn on September 14, 1814, British commander Colonel Arthur Brooke decided the land campaign was a lost cause, and ordered the retreat back to the ships, and the United States was thus victorious in the Battle of Baltimore.

William Patterson (d. 1835), a Baltimore merchant, donated 5 acres (20,000 m2) to the city for a public walk in 1827, and the city purchased 29 acres (120,000 m2) additional from the Patterson family in 1860. Additions and improvements to the park made after 1859 were funded through the city's "park tax" on its streetcars, which was initially set at 20% of the fare. During the Civil War, the site was used as a Union troop encampment. Additional purchases in later years increased the park size to its present 137 acres (0.55 km2). The 60-foot (18 m) Pagoda, designed by Charles H. Latrobe, was built on Hampstead Hill in 1891 and has been recently refurbished along with other park structures.

Several public accommodations at the park such as the swimming pools, picnic pavilions, and playgrounds were managed as "separate but equal" until they were desegregated in 1956. The park is included in the Baltimore National Heritage Area.
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