BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Carnegie Institute for Science

DC -- Carnegie Institute for Science:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. CIS_140330_026.JPG: January 29, 1902: Discovery "Your aims are high. You seek to expand known forces, to discover and utilize unknown forces for the benefit of man. Than this there can scarcely be a greater work." Andrew Carnegie At 2:30pm on January 29, 1902, Andrew Carnegie met with a distinguished group of trustees to launch the Carnegie Institution. Devoted to the increase of knowledge, this organization pledged to support individual researchers of exceptional ability "in every department of study" -- whenever and whatever found. In presenting his Deed of Trust, Carnegie expressed confidence that this unusual formula would succeed. Following the formalities, which occurred at the State Department, Carnegie and his Board attended a celebratory dinner. President Theodore Roosevelt made an appearance at the feast, which featured ice cream in the form of "T" rails and a miniature smelting-furnace that produced punch. Trustee William Lindsay made a short speech: "Mr. Carnegie has said that it is wicked to die rich. Let him rest assured that the Trustees of the Carnegie Institution will do all in their power to keep him from being guilty of such grave sin." A day later, the trustees began to build an institution.
2. CIS_140330_137.JPG: Alfred G. Mavor 1868-1922 Founder and director of the Carnegie Marine Biological Laboratory ... Served in the Great War ... on many seas. Courageous and beloved leader, unselfish and voted friend.
3. CIS_140330_196.JPG: Pepper ... And Salt "The universe is expanding faster than ever, and I don't even feel a breeze."
4. CIS_140330_237.JPG: On January 29, 1902, Andrew Carnegie launched the Carnegie Institution of Washington with an endowment of 10 million dollars. "We aim to find the geniuses of the Republic and set them to work on the higher problems," Carnegie proclaimed of his new venture. But how did an organization identify such geniuses? And how did it support them in order to maximize their chances for success? Carnegie left these questions in the hands of a succession of presidents, trustees, and directors. In Carnegie's view, the most valuable asset a benefactor could bestow -- in addition to money -- was freedom. Over the years, the administrators of Carnegie's "Institution of Discovery" used their freedom wisely. Indeed, one of the most important things to be discovered here was how to run a research organization. Many key decisions were made in this room. "Gentlemen, your work now begins." -- Andrew Carnegie
5. CIS_140330_239.JPG: About the Building: The trustee discussed erecting an administration building at their first business meeting. Although Andrew Carnegie declared that the institution should be known for the grandeur of its work -- not its architecture -- the Board authorized construction of a suitable edifice in 1905. Designed by Carrere and Hastings, it was dedicated in 1909. An addition, including auditorium, was completed in 1938. At this such, much more than administrative work has occurred. A Publications Division perpetuated work begun earlier. Over the years it would publish more than 600 monographs, many of which were sent free-of-charge to libraries throughout the country. The Year Books, also produced by this office, served for decades as scientific journals. Public lectures and exhibitions were held in the building before World War II. During the war, the rotunda and upper balcony accommodated a maze of small offices for war-workers. Marines were posted at the doors. After the war, however, the building reclaimed its educational focus. Caryl Haskins maintained ant and fish laboratories on the first and second floors. A printing press produced official documents. Recently, new activities have been launched. First Light, a science school for children, began in 1989, and the Carnegie Academy for Science Education (CASE), a program to train teachers, began a few years later. The Capital Science Lecture Series, inaugurated in 1991, continues to welcome the public to this historic building.
Wikipedia Description: Carnegie Institution for Science
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Carnegie Institution for Science (also called the Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW)) is a organization established to support scientific research.

Departments:

Today the CIW directs its efforts in six main areas: plant molecular biology at the Department of Plant Biology (Stanford, CA), developmental biology at the Department of Embryology (Baltimore, MD), global ecology at the Department of Global Ecology (Stanford, CA), earth science, materials science, and astrobiology at the Geophysical Laboratory (Washington, DC); earth and planetary sciences as well as astronomy at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (Washington, DC), and astronomy (at the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (OCIW; Pasadena, CA and Las Campanas, Chile)).

History:

"It is proposed to found in the city of Washington, an institution which...shall in the broadest and most liberal manner encourage investigation, research, and discovery [and] show the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind..." —Andrew Carnegie, January 28, 1902

The Carnegie Institution was founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1902. Its first president was Daniel Coit Gilman, founder of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine . One of the first grant recipients was George Hale in 1904.

The Name:

Beginning in 1895, Andrew Carnegie donated his vast fortune to establish 23 organizations around the world that today bear his name and carry on work in fields as diverse as art, education, international affairs, peace, and scientific research. (See Andrew Carnegie's 23 Organizations). The organizations are independent entities and are related by name only.

In 2007, the institution adopted the name "Carnegie Institution for Science" to better distinguish it from the other organizations established by and named for Andrew Carnegie. The new name closely associates the words “Carnegie” and “science” and thereby reveals the core identity. The institution remains officially and legally the Carnegie Institution of Washington, but now has a public identity that more clearly describes the work.

Observatories of the CIW:

The Institution's grant to George Hale was used for the construction of a telescope built around a large mirror blank that he had received as a gift from his father. The OCIW funded the completion of the 60-inch Hale Telescope on Mount Wilson in the San Gabriel Mountains above Pasadena, California. Immediately work began on designing the even larger Hooker Telescope (100-inch), completed in 1917. Two solar telescopes were also constructed with Carnegie support and together they form the Mount Wilson Observatory, still chiefly supported by the Carnegie Institution after 100 years. The OCIW went on to help Hale design and build the 200-inch telescope of the Palomar Observatory (although construction was mostly paid for by a Rockefeller grant).

The OCIW's chief observatory is now the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile, where two identical 6.5 meter Magellan telescopes operate. OCIW is the lead institution in the consortium building the Giant Magellan Telescope, which will be made up seven mirrors each 8.4 meters in diameter for a total telescope diameter of 25.4 metres (83 feet). The telescope is expected to have over four times the light-gathering ability of existing instruments.

Support for genetic research:

In 1920 the Eugenics Record Office in Cold Spring Harbor, New York was merged with the Station for Experimental Evolution to become the CIW's Department of Genetics. The CIW funded that laboratory until 1939. It closed in 1944 and its records were retained in a university library. The CIW continues its support for genetic research, and among its notable grantees in that field are Nobel laureates Barbara McClintock, Alfred Hershey and Andrew Fire.

Support for archeological research:

The Institution supported archaeology in the Yucat�n Peninsula in the 1910s through the 1930s, including extensive excavations (under Carnegie associate and Mayanist scholar Sylvanus G. Morley) of Chichen Itza , Cop�n, and other sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization.
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