BGuthrie Photos: CA -- Sacramento -- K Street Underpass

CA -- Sacramento -- K Street Underpass:

Bruce Guthrie Photos Home Page: [Click here] to go to Bruce Guthrie Photos home page.

Recognize anyone? If you recognize specific folks (or other stuff) and I haven't labeled them, please identify them for the world. Click the little pencil icon

underneath the file name (just above the picture). Spammers need not apply.

Slide Show: Want to see the pictures as a slide show? [Slideshow]

Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

Help? The Medium (Email) links are for screen viewing and emailing. You'll want bigger sizes for printing. [Click here for additional help]

Share: Facebook Twitter Digg
[1] KSTUP_140718_002.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[2] KSTUP_140718_004.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[3] KSTUP_140718_006.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[4] KSTUP_140718_009.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[5] KSTUP_140718_012.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[6] KSTUP_140718_015.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[7] KSTUP_140718_019.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[8] KSTUP_140718_022.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[9] KSTUP_140718_025.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[10] KSTUP_140718_029.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[11] KSTUP_140718_031.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[12] KSTUP_140718_034.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[13] KSTUP_140718_037.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[14] KSTUP_140718_040.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[15] KSTUP_140718_043.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[16] KSTUP_140718_046.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[17] KSTUP_140718_048.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[18] KSTUP_140718_050.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[19] KSTUP_140718_053.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[20] KSTUP_140718_055.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[21] KSTUP_140718_058.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[22] KSTUP_140718_061.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[23] KSTUP_140718_063.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[24] KSTUP_140718_068.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[25] KSTUP_140718_071.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[26] KSTUP_140718_073.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[27] KSTUP_140718_075.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[28] KSTUP_140718_077.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[29] KSTUP_140718_079.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[30] KSTUP_140718_083.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[31] KSTUP_140718_088.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[32] KSTUP_140718_091.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[33] KSTUP_140718_094.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[34] KSTUP_140718_096.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[35] KSTUP_140718_098.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[36] KSTUP_140718_101.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[37] KSTUP_140718_105.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[38] KSTUP_140718_108.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[39] KSTUP_140718_111.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[40] KSTUP_140718_114.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[41] KSTUP_140718_116.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[42] KSTUP_140718_118.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[43] KSTUP_140718_120.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[44] KSTUP_140718_122.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[45] KSTUP_140718_124.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[46] KSTUP_140718_126.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[47] KSTUP_140718_129.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[48] KSTUP_140718_134.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[49] KSTUP_140718_136.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[50] KSTUP_140718_139.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[51] KSTUP_140718_140.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[52] KSTUP_140718_143.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[53] KSTUP_140718_144.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[54] KSTUP_140718_146.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[55] KSTUP_140718_149.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[56] KSTUP_140718_151.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[57] KSTUP_140718_154.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[58] KSTUP_140718_156.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[59] KSTUP_140718_158.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[60] KSTUP_140718_161.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[61] KSTUP_140718_163.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[62] KSTUP_140718_165.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[63] KSTUP_140718_168.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[64] KSTUP_140718_170.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[65] KSTUP_140718_172.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[66] KSTUP_140718_175.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[67] KSTUP_140718_177.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[68] KSTUP_140718_180.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[69] KSTUP_140718_184.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[70] KSTUP_140718_187.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[71] KSTUP_140718_189.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[72] KSTUP_140718_190.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[73] KSTUP_140718_193.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[74] KSTUP_140718_195.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. KSTUP_140718_012.JPG: First Settlers lived and worked in the Sacramento Valley for thousands of years before Europeans arrived
2. KSTUP_140718_015.JPG: Early Native Americans: California's Central Valley had one of the most concentrated assemblies of Native Americans in North America. Approximately 150,000 natives were grouped by language rather than political boundaries. In Sacramento, the local natives were called Nisenan and were considered some of the world's best basket makers. They also produced elaborate ceremonial clothing including garments made form colorful feathers. Wild game and fish were abundant, but the Nisenan also practiced early agricultural management: they periodically burned the Sacramento Valley grasslands to reduce undesirable plants and encourage food-producing oak trees. The Nisenan and earlier native groups have occupied the Sacramento Valley for ten thousands years.
3. KSTUP_140718_019.JPG: John Sutter 1803-1880 Land Baron
4. KSTUP_140718_022.JPG: Early Explorers: Even though California and the Sacramento Valley were remote to the rest of the world, the area was a focus of exploration in the first half of the 19th century by the Spanish, Americans, British, French, Germans, Russians, and many others. Gabriel Moraga, leaving the San Francisco Bay, rounded Mt. Diablo to become the first European to view the Sacramento Valley and name the Sacramento River. In 1827, Jedediah Smith was the first American trapper to enter the Sacramento area in search of beaver. He crossed a river near what is now California State University, Sacramento, and camped at the crossing. Afterward, the river was called the American River. In the 1830s, the Hudson's Bay Company of England tried to discourage other trappers by capturing and destroying as many beavers as possible along the length of the Central Valley, leading to an unintentional tragedy. European trappers introduced malaria to Native Americans in the Valley. The Nisenan had no immunity, and 90,000 people -- approximately 60 percent of their population -- died from the disease.
5. KSTUP_140718_025.JPG: The Arrival of Sutter: By the late 1830s, so many different nations had explored and settled in California that the Mexican government feared it would lose the region. The British and French had arrived both by land, from Canada, and by sea; the Russians had settled along the north coast almost to San Francisco; and the New England vessels, plying the coast, had dominated the full scope of California commerce. In 1839, John A. Sutter arrived and requested a Mexican land grant. In fact, the Mexican government may actually have encouraged Sutter to settle in the Sacramento Valley as a buffer to other incursions. Sutter envisioned his agricultural empire to include land dedicated both to grain crops and cattle grazing. He also planned, and then built, a flour mill, tannery, and sawmill. Sutter's sawmill at Coloma was where gold was discovered on January 24, 1848.
6. KSTUP_140718_029.JPG: Pioneers arrived in the area in search of land and wealth far from the confines of their homes throughout the world. James Marshall, 1810-1885 Carpenter and Discoverer of Gold
7. KSTUP_140718_031.JPG: The Gold Rush Begins: Sutter employed a group of Mormons, under the supervision of James Marshall, to build a lumber mill on the American River at Coloma. The men worked on building a tailrace which would guide water from the mill back to the river. By day, the men loosened the ground, and by night the river ran through the tailrace, carrying off the debris from the day's work. On the morning of January 24, 1848, Marshall inspected the prior night's activity by the river. Seeing a glimmer, he bent over and picked up the future of California in his hand. While Marshall had found a gold nugget only the size of a pea, news of this find and of other gold discoveries fueled the Gold Rush of 1849.
8. KSTUP_140718_034.JPG: John Sutter, Jr. 1826-1897 City Founder
9. KSTUP_140718_037.JPG: City Founders organized and shaped Sacramento's first businesses and government. Peter Burnett 1808-1895 Miller and Governor Sam Brannan 1819-1889 Merchant S. Clinton Hastings 1814-1893 First Supreme Court Justice John Sutter, Jr. 1826-1897 City Founder
10. KSTUP_140718_040.JPG: Sacramento's Strategic Location: As the rush for gold continued, it became apparent that Sutter's landing on the Sacramento River was the natural head of navigation for the sailing ships and river boats arriving from San Francisco and around the world. On the shore of the Sacramento River, all goods were transferred to wagons, pack trains, and men's backs for the trip to the Gold Fields. Money and gold changed hands at a frenetic pace, with merchants selling mining supplies, entertainment, the change to gamble and drink, sleeping accommodations, and meals. It was in these bustling circumstances that Sacramento City was born.
11. KSTUP_140718_043.JPG: The Birth of the City: The first attempts to establish a government for the City of Sacramento in 1849 resulted in many meetings being called, but few being attended. Some of the earliest meetings were attended by those who represented saloon and gambling interests. The fear that these interests could end up controlling the new City may have inspired local merchants to establish a government dominated by their own members. By August 1, 1849, a City Council was established to run the new City.
12. KSTUP_140718_046.JPG: S Clinton Hastings 1814-1893 First Supreme Court Justice
13. KSTUP_140718_048.JPG: The Infant City: The birth of Sacramento City was in the hands of John Sutter Jr., who, in late 1848, hired a surveyor to map a city on his father's land. After the city limits was established, he began to sell city lots. Sutter's principal land agent was Peter Burnett, who assisted Sutter with the land sales and later became California's first governor. Other city founders included early merchants and professional men. Sam Brannan started his rise to the position of California's first millionaire by selling miners' supplies, speculating in real estate, and publishing newspapers. SC Hastings, as a lawyer and judge, helped shape the rule of law for Sacramento and the entire state. John F. Morse, a medical doctor, was editor of the Sacramento Union and author of the first printed history of Sacramento.
14. KSTUP_140718_050.JPG: The Squatters Settle In: Hardin Bigelow was a deeply-involved founder and pioneer of the new City. A contractor, he helped build Sacramento and its early levees. In October 1850, while serving as mayor, he ordered squatters on city lots to vacate the properties. The squatters were protesting land ownership, claiming that land deeded to certain individuals was actually public land. They numbered about forty men, and after public speeches had not swayed City Council to their cause, they armed themselves and made a physical stand. A violent confrontation followed at about J and Fourth Streets, where Bigelow was shot four times. Bigelow defied predictions slowly recovered from what were believed to be mortal wounds -- only to succomb to cholera in December, 1850.
15. KSTUP_140718_053.JPG: Sam Brannan 1819-1889 Merchant
16. KSTUP_140718_055.JPG: Peter Burnett 1808-1895 Miller and Governor
17. KSTUP_140718_058.JPG: Here Come the Judges: During the early years of statehood, Sacramento became not only the State Capital, but also the seat of the State Supreme Court. The BF Hastings Building at 2nd and J Streets first served as the State's highest court. The Gold Rush attracted a large population of young, exuberant, and colorful lawyers. No longer confined by the pressures of hometown opinions, the attorneys in California had the courage to look at many issues in a fresh way. Some, such as Judge Stephen Fields, went on to distinguished careers with the US Supreme Court. Others, like Judge David S. Terry, displayed their colorful personalities and temperaments with brazen actions. Terry, who presided in his courtroom with a pistol and a large knife on his bench, dueled with and killed U.S. Senator David Broderick. Several of Sacramento's judges, however, focused on improving the community through philanthropy and culture. One such judge was E.B. Crocker, an ardent abolitionist who defended many former slaves in California and who built what is now Sacramento's Crocker Art Museum.
18. KSTUP_140718_063.JPG: A Multicultural Gold Rush: News of the 1848 gold discoveries in California traveled around the globe, stirring up thousands of dreams of instant wealth. A slow trickle at first, by 1849 gold seekers rushed in from China, Australia, Mexico, Columbia, Argentina, Chili [sic], Brazil, Canada, Russia, throughout Europe, and from every state in the United States. From the South, some slaves escaped to California, while others purchased their freedom with riches found in the Gold Fields. The Gold Rush may represent one of the Nation's largest early multicultural events. In an environment with little regulation except for laws made by the participants, not all cultural groups fared well. Great tragedy befell the Hispanics and the Native Americans, many of whom were in the area before the Rush began. As more and more people poured into California, racial prejudice intensified. Despite the tides of distrust that washed across California and Sacramento, rich blends of multicultural experience endure in the area's history.
19. KSTUP_140718_068.JPG: Battling the Elements: Floods, fires, and disease tested Sacramento's resolve to survive. Floods were nearly an annual event and sometimes occurred several times in a winter season. City residents responded by building increasingly larger levees. Meanwhile, two fired in the 1850s almost burned the City to the ground. After one fire, citizens quickly rebuilt the City, constructing 700 buildings in only 30 days. The City then greatly reduced its vulnerability to fire by including a waterworks plant inside its first City Hall, which was the first municipal water system in the state. The City Council set codes that banned the construction of substantially wooden buildings. Disease also exacted a heavy toll on Sacramento, with a cholera epidemic sweeping the region in 1850 and claiming 600 lives.
20. KSTUP_140718_071.JPG: Raising the City: Floods, like fires, required extraordinary solutions. The City of Sacramento had been building levees with limited success since 1849. After a devastating flood in 1862, the community mobilized a massive effort to raise the central City as much as 15 feet above its previous grade. The action took enormous physical and economic resources, leaving the City without sufficient finances to pay its obligations. At its worst, a city lot selected for a new city hall had to be sold by sheriff's sale to satisfy creditors. Part of the financial burden was placed on the City's land owners. After the City built brick retaining walls and then filled in the streets to a new level, many buildings' first floors instantly became basements. Merchants were left with the problem of building new sidewalks at the higher street level and faced the expensive dilemma of whether to raise their buildings or not. Many of the buildings were not raised, leaving an older ground floor as a basement. Remnants of these old facades still exist on a few buildings today.
21. KSTUP_140718_073.JPG: Theodore Judah 1826-1863 Railroad Engineer
22. KSTUP_140718_075.JPG: California's Big Four: Four of the most successful merchants in Sacramento specialized in hardware, dry goods, and groceries. Later known as the "Big Four," Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, Collis P. Huntington, and Leland Stanford banded together to convince the United States government of the need for a transcontinental railroad. The four men then secured the right to build the western half of that railroad. Stanford, party to push the Big Four's interests, ran for and was elected governor of California and later became a U.S. Senator. Professional help to plan the railroad was found in Theodore Judah, who had already built a twenty-two mile railroad in California that ran from Sacramento to Folsom. These men and their enterprises created the only 19th century force to rival the discovery of gold in shaping the destiny of California.
23. KSTUP_140718_077.JPG: Transportation Gathers Steam: The transcontinental railroad across the U.S. was a monumental effort in an era when the world was accustomed to monumental projects in the name of global transportation. Even before the transcontinental railroad was completed, the "Big Four" (Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, Collis P. Huntington, and Leland Stanford) were planning and implementing the organization of a steamship company. They intended to dominate ocean shipping in the Pacific as well as to control all river transportation within the state. Meanwhile, on the international front, the British completed the Suez Canal at about the same time that the United States finished the transcontinental railroad. Thus, the British and the Big Four defined new commerce routes to circumnavigate the world.
24. KSTUP_140718_079.JPG: Leland Stanford 1824-1893 Merchant and Railroad Baron
25. KSTUP_140718_083.JPG: The Sisters of Mercy: Curing the sick and injured was the primary mission of the Catholic Sisters of Mercy Order when they arrived in Sacramento in 1857. Not long after their arrival, the Sisters established the first catholic School in Sacramento. In 1896, the Sisters established a small hospital at 23nd and R Streets, which has evolved into the collective Mercy Hospitals of Sacramento. Over the past one hundred and fifty years, the Sisters have established numerous children's homes and clinics. One of the homes they started was the Stanford-Lathrop Memorial Home on the corner of Eighth and N Streets. The Sisters of Mercy operated the facility until 1936, when they turned it over to the Sisters of SOoial Service.
26. KSTUP_140718_088.JPG: Charles Crocker 1822-1888 Merchant and Railroad Baron
27. KSTUP_140718_091.JPG: Business Expands: As the City grew, the land area between the Sacramento River and Third Street was not sufficient for the business needs of the community. Mercantile establishments flowed east along J and K Streets to accommodate their customers. Large successful businesses on J and K Streets included Breuner's Furniture Store, Weinstock-Lubin Department Store, Hales Department Store, and the Elkus Clothing Company. All four established mail-order catalogs; most developed regional stores; and few still survived by the end of the 20th century.
28. KSTUP_140718_094.JPG: Mark Hopkins 1813-1878 Merchant and Railroad Baron
29. KSTUP_140718_096.JPG: Railroad Builders established corporations to invest in and construct railroads in California and across the continent. Mark Hopkins 1813-1878 Merchant and Railroad Baron C.P. Huntington 1821-1900 Merchant and Railroad Baron
30. KSTUP_140718_101.JPG: A Capitol Idea: For Sacramento, the prize of statehood was being named California's capital in 1854. The logistics of finding a suitable location for the Capitol building itself proved to be a frustrating challenge to the City. One early site was destroyed by fire, and another required the state to share a building with the county jail and courthouse. The legislature even met in the county courthouse while the building was being raised off its foundation in a flood-prevention effort. By 1860, the state, with assistance from Sacramento, began construction on a Capitol intended exclusively for state use. The building, which still serves as the State Capitol, was not completed until 1874.
31. KSTUP_140718_105.JPG: E.B. Crocker 1818-1875 California Supreme Court Justice
32. KSTUP_140718_108.JPG: Generous Souls: Many early Sacramento merchants amassed significant wealth. Some moved to nearby San Francisco, others to New York and other eastern states. A number of wealthy merchant families turned to philanthropy later in their lives: Margaret Crocker built and supported a home for women and donated the Crocker Art Gallery to the City of Sacramento, while Jane Stanford made contributions to many local churches regardless of their denomination. Stanford also made her family home in Sacramento available to the Catholic Church as a home for girls. Leland and Jane Stanford built and endowed Stanford University, and Mark Hopkins' adopted son, Timothy, also gave to the endowment of the University Collis P. Huntington helped establish the Maritime Museum in Newport News, Virginia; his nephew, Henry Huntington, created the Huntington Library and Art Gallery in San Marino, California. D.O. Mills, a Sacramento banker, helped endow New York City's American Museum of Natural History.
33. KSTUP_140718_111.JPG: Social Problems Grow: By the time the 19th century drew to a close, great wealth had been accumulated by a few, but enormous social problems had emerged throughout the country: the labor movement fought for union controls; child labor became a significant concern; gambling and alcohol were targeted as social ills; racial unrest was brewing; and corruption in government was growing. All of these problems were the concern of many groups, and various churches in the Sacramento area addressed these issues, often leading campaigns for reform. As was the case throughout the country at the time, the problem of alcohol received an enormous amount of attention from religious groups. The churches served as platforms for activists calling for limitations and bans on the sale of liquor. Eventually, the crusade for prohibition culminated in the 18th Amendment, which banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
34. KSTUP_140718_114.JPG: E.B. Crocker 1818-1875 California Supreme Court Justice
35. KSTUP_140718_116.JPG: Margaret Crocker 1822-1901 Philanthropist
36. KSTUP_140718_118.JPG: A Diversity of Denominations: Religious organizations were among the earliest forces in the community to shape not only moral and ethical issues, but to frame many social and economic concerns as well. One way religion shaped Sacramento was through architecture. The impressive structures of religious buildings helped set the stage for their surrounding district's architectural styles and uses. From its inception, Sacramento had a significant variety of religions. By the end of the 19th century, all major faiths and denominations were represented in the area, reinforcing the community's ethnic diversity.
37. KSTUP_140718_120.JPG: Jane Stanford 1828-1905 Philanthropist
38. KSTUP_140718_122.JPG: Churches provided for the religious needs of Sacramento and strove to reform social ills in the community. Philanthropists donated funds and buildings to community causes. Jane Stanford 1828-1905 Philanthropist Margaret Crocker 1822-1901 Philanthropist
39. KSTUP_140718_124.JPG: The Land Legacy: William Land was Sacramento's own "Horatio Alger" -- a local boy who became financially successful. As a very young boy, Land worked as a baggage handler at the Central Pacific Railroad Passenger Station. He was so efficient at picking up visitors at the train station and delivering them with their baggage to his employer's hotel that he was given increasingly more responsible jobs. Eventually he owned the hotel and then went on to own a string of hotels. A successful and conservative businessman, he secured the position of mayor in 1898. Land preferred the old ways and fought reform, but the progressives pushed him out of office after he had served a two-year term. His greatest legacy was a generous gift of funds that allowed the City to purchase land for a community-wide park, provided it would be convenient and free to residents, and close to public transportation. In 1922, Sacramento acquired land just south of the City for William Land Park.
40. KSTUP_140718_126.JPG: The Educators: The quality of education in Sacramento area schools has been the focus of a number of reformers. Education activists in the 19th century are well represented by Sarah Jones, and in the 20th century by Mary Tsukamoto. Jones was an African American educator who graduated from Oberlin College in Ohio. When Sacramento permitted integrated schools in 1880, Jones became the principal of the first integrated public school in the area. Two generations later, segregated schools continued to operate in all other parts of California. After attending such schools, Mary Tsukamoto spent much of her adult life contributing to civil rights causes. She became one of the first persons of Japanese ancestry to teach in California's public schools. An expert teacher, Tsukamoto excelled in kindling grade school children's interest in history.
41. KSTUP_140718_129.JPG: Women Enter the Fray: The reform movements of the late 19th century brought women into a new sphere of activity. The desire to improve the good of humanity led women to found cultural organizations and women's clubs. Women became politically active with child labor, anti-gambling, and anti-saloon movements. Luella Johnson represented the tenacity of Sacramento women's interests in politics: even before women had acquired the right to vote, she was elected to local political office. To be truly politically effective, however, women would ultimately fight for and win the right to vote. The women's movement for equality successfully lobbied for the vote and, in 1911, nine years before the 19th Amendment gave women the vote on the national level, California women could register to vote for the first time.
42. KSTUP_140718_134.JPG: Capitalists accumulated great wealth by establishing successful businesses. William Land 1837-1911 Merchant and Hotel Owner
43. KSTUP_140718_136.JPG: Sarah Jones 1847-1925 Teacher
44. KSTUP_140718_139.JPG: A Time of Panic and Unrest: A stock market panic in 1893 threw many out of work and created hard times. Labor strikes became increasingly aggressive until a strike of the Pullman Factory near Chicago in 1894 resulted in a nation-wide railroad boycott. Railroad workers in Sacramento joined the national strike. in July of 1894, strikers derailed a train, causing the deaths of several people. The National Guard was called out and eventually Federal Troops had to be deployed, placing Sacramento under Federal control until the boycott ended.
45. KSTUP_140718_140.JPG: Ten Years that Electrified Our World: The 1890s was a pivotal decade of invention. The transmission of electricity from the Folsom Power House to Sacramento in 1895 was, by its size and purpose, a major national achievement. The hydroelectric power generated was three-phase alternating current, and the Folsom plant was the first powerhouse in the United States to send this type of current over long-distance wires (about 22 miles). Sacramento celebrated this achievements with a "Grand Electrical Carnival," setting the night aglow with electric lights. The electrified urban city opened the door to the 20th century, forever changing Sacramento and urban centers around the world. The subsequent arrival of the automobile would have an almost equal impact on Sacramento and the rest of the world.
46. KSTUP_140718_143.JPG: Educators taught the community the value of quality education and worked to better Sacramento's schools.
47. KSTUP_140718_144.JPG: Reformers strove to rid turn of the century Sacramento of saloons, gambling, and child labor. Hiram Johnson 1866-1945 Reformer, Governor and U.S. Senator
48. KSTUP_140718_146.JPG: A Reformer Emerges: The reformer who emerged to challenge the leadership and direction of government was Hiram Johnson. Johnson served as governor for two terms from 1911 to 1917, and then as a U.S. Senator from 1917 until 1945. When he was elected governor, California voters also passed the Initiative, Recall, and Referendum Act. During his term as governor, Johnson worked with the progressive legislature to curb the monopolistic interests of railroad companies in California.
49. KSTUP_140718_149.JPG: Ernesto Galarza: A line of strong, diverse, and dedicated teachers from a wide range of social and economic backgrounds have shaped the lives of Sacramento's children. Ernesto Galarza was such a teacher, with an influence reaching far beyond Sacramento. He was born in Mexico, but grew up in Sacramento after fleeing with his parents from the uncertainties of the Mexican Revolution. Raised in Oak Park, he attended Sacramento's integrated schools. He earned a Doctorate from Columbia University before entering the United States Foreign Service in the 1930s where he served for over 20 years. In the 1960s and 1970s, he taught at San Jose State University and served as a visiting professor at Stanford, Notre Dame, and the University of California at Berkeley. Throughout his life, Galarza strove to improve the working conditions of farm labor, advocated civil rights, and promoted child welfare. His autobiography, Barrio Boy, was one of the first autobiographies written by a Mexican American to be published. Shortly before he died, Galarza was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, in recognition of his lifetime commitment to social justice.
50. KSTUP_140718_151.JPG: Authors observed life in Sacramento and recounted its diverse stories
51. KSTUP_140718_154.JPG: Ernesto Galarza 1905-1984 Author, Activist and Teacher
52. KSTUP_140718_156.JPG: War Games: During World War I, Sacramento secured its first Army Air Corps base, Mather Field. After the war ended in 1918, the base was closed until 1931, when an Army crew reopened Mather Field to undertake the largest military aircraft war game in the Nation's history. The goals were to train the young air corps in teamwork and to explore air power in defending the Nation. During the maneuvers, the Army Air Corps set high-altitude flying records, experimented with the use of radio, refined bombing exercises, and used aerial smoke camouflage to protect structures such as the State Capitol. Sacramentans rushed out to see the airplane maneuvers involving 80 percent of all the military planes owned by the United States government. Army information officers gave daily progress reports of the mock war to newspapers. Ultimately, the "blue Army" at Mather Field "prevented" the capture of San Fransisco and Sacramento by the "Red Army" which had tried to attack San Francisco by air and Sacramento by land.
53. KSTUP_140718_158.JPG: A Transportation Hub: While few people question Sacramento's role in the transcontinental railroad, the larger story of Sacramento's place in transportation history revolves around numerous transportation events such as national stagecoach lines, steamship companies, the Pony Express, inter-urban railroads, and the freeway system. During the short run of the Pony Express, Sacramento was the terminus for the company's riders. About 75 years later, the Sacramento Northern Railroad -- possibly the longest inter-urban railroad in the United States at that time -- carried passengers from the San Francisco Bay Area through Sacramento and on to Chico. As rail travel gave way to the automobile, Sacramento turned toward an urban freeway system. Determining the location of freeways such as Interstate 5 and Highway 50 forced the City to wrestle with the sometimes conflicting community values of urban renewal, historic preservation, and the search for a unique community identity.
54. KSTUP_140718_163.JPG: The Early Homeless: Even after the great national stock panic of 1893 disabled the labor force in America, many events -- such as the Spanish American War and World War I -- temporarily glossed over the plight and discontent of the American working class. Then, the Great Depression of the 1930s opened the condition of the laborer in America to full public view. Because of its railroads and the mild climate, Sacramento became one of the most desirable destinations for unemployed migrants, especially during winter months and harvest seasons. The City shelter located at Front and I Streets could not serve the high number of homeless in the area, who camped wherever they could, setting up shanty towns called "Hoovervilles" throughout the Sacramento region. The core businesses which had been established in the older part of the City moved out, leaving the buildings to an evolving class of migrant laborers. The West End developed into a ghetto for migrant labor forces and others down on their luck.
55. KSTUP_140718_165.JPG: A United Effort: With the overnight entry of the United States into World War II, it was apparent that despite America's strength, much work needed to be done to allow the country to be successful in two different portions of the world. The country developed a new priority: everyone was expected to contribute to the war effort. Industry shifted its focus to build armies, while the economy centered on war preparation. As the male population was drafted and enlisted in the military, tradition dictated that women continue to keep families together at home. But the wartime industrial society of 1941 demanded that factories and fields produce as efficiently as they had in peacetime. Furthermore, many of the Allies had already been at war with Axis forces for several years and were near exhaustion. America, and the Sacramento Valley in particular, was called upon to feed and equip much of the Allied world. American productivity stayed high during World War II as more women joined the workforce.
56. KSTUP_140718_168.JPG: Women in the Wartime Workforce: Perhaps nowhere was the impact of women in the workforce more keenly experienced than in the Sacramento area canneries during World War I and World War II. Canning facilities operated at the highest level of production possible. Women dominated the workforce, demonstrating that they could be as productive as a mostly male workforce. Relying on their experience in the canneries, women during World War II fit easily into McClellan Field's Maintenance Department, where Sacramento's own "Rosie the Riveter" filled aircraft mechanic positions. In January 1942, 11.4$ of McClellan's total workers were women; by November of that year, 40% were women.
57. KSTUP_140718_170.JPG: Mary Tsukamoto 1915-1998 Teacher and Activist
58. KSTUP_140718_172.JPG: Decay and Redevelopment: Redevelopment in the 1950s evolved out of the programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. In 1958, it appeared that Sacramento's central district was dying as it expanded into the suburbs. Sacramento's West End, a 65-block portion of the City, represented 8 percent of the City's land area and accounted for 26 percent of the fires, 36 percent of the juvenile delinquency, 42 percent of the adult crime, and 76 percent of the tuberculosis cases. Twelve square blocks housed 167 bars and wine shops. In an attempt to ameliorate these deteriorating conditions, the City took advantage of emerging urban renewal programs offered by the federal government. Under the provisions of one of those programs, Sacramento initiated a master plan for the Old Sacramento Historic District. The district contains state historic sites and has since been declared a national historic landmark. In 1962, Old Sacramento Historic District became one of the first historic urban renewal projects approved by the federal government.
59. KSTUP_140718_175.JPG: V. Aubrey Neasham 1908-1982 Teacher and Historian
60. KSTUP_140718_177.JPG: The Preservationists: By the 1950s, urban decay had left an almost indelible mark on Sacramento's "West End." Redevelopment interests planned to demolish the oldest section of the central City west of Seventh Street. The State Division of Highways also proposed a freeway alignment through that same part of the old City. The combined energies of visionaries, such as publisher Eleanor McClatchy, made the community aware of historic preservation and the threat the highway posed to the most historic elements of the City. At the same time, historian V. Aubrey Neasham envisioned and endeavored to create a preservation district, while Redevelopment Commissioner Frank Durkee worked to commit government resources to an Old Sacramento Historic Area. Entrepreneur Frank Fat risked his own money to restore buildings and to operate restaurants within the district. Together with many others, they pioneered the preservation of the community's heritage.
61. KSTUP_140718_180.JPG: Redevelopment Visionaries sought to revitalize Sacramento's historic waterfront district. Frank Fat 1904-1997 Restaurant Entrepreneur Eleanor McClatchy 1895-1980 Publisher, Sacramento Bee Frank Durkee 1892-1983 Preservation Advocate, Redevelopment Agency Commissioner 1990 -- Pop. 369,365 1980 -- Pop. 275,741 1970 -- Pop. 257,105 1960 -- Pop. 191,567
62. KSTUP_140718_187.JPG: Railroad Builders established corporations to invest in and construct railroads in California and across the continent. C.P. Huntington 1821-1900 Merchant and Railroad Baron Mark Hopkins 1813-1878 Merchant and Railroad Baron Charles Crocker 1822-1888 Merchant and Railroad Baron Leland Stanford 1824-1893 Merchant and Railroad Baron Theodore Judah 1826-1863 Railroad Engineer
63. KSTUP_140718_190.JPG: City Founders organized and shaped Sacramento's first businesses and government. Peter Burnett 1808-1895 Miller and Governor Sam Brannan 1819-1889 Merchant S. Clinton Hastings 1814-1893 First Supreme Court Justice John Sutter Jr. 1826-1897 City Founder
64. KSTUP_140718_195.JPG: Pioneers arrived in the area in search of land and wealth far from the confines of their homes throughout the world. James Marshall 1810-1885 Carpenter and Discoverer of Gold First Settlers lived and worked in the Sacramento Valley for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. Nisenan
Multi Column: Number of columns of thumbnails to appear per page (normally defaults to 3): [1 col] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.) I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
Same Subject: Click on this link to see coverage of items having the same subject: [Public Art]
2014 photos: Trips this year: three Civil War Trust conferences (Winchester, VA, Nashville, TN, and Atlanta, GA), Michigan to visit mom in the hospice before she died and then a return trip after she died, and my 9th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Las Vegas, Reno, Carson City, Sacramento, Oakland, and Los Angeles). Ego strokes: Paul Dickson used one of my photos as the author photo in his book "Aphorisms: Words Wrought by Writers". Equipment this year: I mostly used my Fuji XS-1 camera but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000. Number of photos taken this year: just over 470,000.
Connection Not Secure messages? Those warnings you get from your browser about this site not having secure connections worry some people. This means this site does not have SSL installed (the link is http:, not https:). That's bad if you're entering credit card numbers, passwords, or other personal information. But this site doesn't collect any personal information so SSL is not necessary. Life's good!
Limiting Text: You can turn off all of this text by clicking this link: [Thumbnails Only]
Photo Contact: [Email Bruce Guthrie].