BGuthrie Photos: CA -- Sacramento -- California Museum -- 2nd Floor

CA -- Sacramento -- California Museum -- 2nd Floor:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. CALMU2_140718_004.JPG: California's Remarkable Women
2. CALMU2_140718_007.JPG: State Fish: The Golden Trout is native only to California and became the official state fish in 1947. Isolated by geography, the vibrantly colored fish evolved unique features that allow it to thrive in the high-altitude streams of the Kern Plateau.
3. CALMU2_140718_009.JPG: Dr. Sally Ride
4. CALMU2_140718_012.JPG: Pioneering Astronaut: Dr. Sally Kristen Ride, astronaut, physicist, professor and author, was the first American women in space. She got there the old fashioned way, by answering a help wanted ad. Posted by NASA, it said women as well as men would -- for the first time -- be considered as astronauts. Seven thousand men and 1,251 women applied. Twenty-nine men and six women were accepted. Ride is the one who made history. Back on earth, Ride has devoted herself to encouraging young women to study science and math, through her work as president and CEO of Sally Ride Science and as a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego.
5. CALMU2_140718_020.JPG: The Barbie Doll: Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara and her friends playing "dress-up" with paper dolls and immediately recognized the need for a teen doll that would allow little girls to "dream dreams of the future." In 1959, she defied skeptics by creating Barbie for Mattel, Inc., now the most popular fashion doll ever created. Barbie and her friends have evolved over the years to reflect many young girls' imaginings.
6. CALMU2_140718_031.JPG: Minerva -- State Symbol: Just as the Roman Goddess Minerva sprang full-grown from the head of Jupiter, California became a state on September 9, 1850 without having been a territory. As a symbol of wisdom and justice, and supporter of the arts and learning, Minerva dominates the state's Great Seal, representing California's ideals and promise. Her helmet, armor and shield prepare her to fight for just causes. As patroness of intellect and the arts, Minerva's presence symbolizes a commitment to excellence in education and creativity. She overseas California's agriculture, commerce, industries and natural bounty -- all that make California special.
7. CALMU2_140718_036.JPG: Amelia Earhart: Through her exceptional accomplishments, Amelia Earhart opened the door for other women to enter and excel in aviation. After earning her pilot's license in Long Beach, California, in 1922, Earhart set women's distance, altitude and speed records. She was the first woman to fly solo, round-trip, across the country. On July 2, 1937, during her second round-the-world attempt, Earhart and her navigator disappeared. The world has remembered Earhart's courage, vision and groundbreaking achievements. The "Ninety-Nines," originally an organization of 99 licensed women pilots that Earhart formed in 1929, continues to preserve the unique history of women in aviation.
8. CALMU2_140718_041.JPG: Julia Child: Bon Appetit! An invitation to enter Julia Child's television kitchen encouraged millions of reluctant cooks. Chef Julia Child perfected her cooking techniques in Paris, at the world-renowned Le Cordon Bleu culinary arts school. The the engaging Southern Californian brought her mastery to television. "The French Chef," her 1960s Public Broadcast Services series, captivated American viewers, male and female. There, as elsewhere, Child promoted skillful cooking as an honored profession, and as a career. Her books and teachings molded a generation of leading chefs. The kitchen where Americans admired "The French Chef" now resides in The Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC.
9. CALMU2_140718_045.JPG: Isadora Duncan: (1877-1927) Recognized today as a founder of modern dance, Duncan was a true original. Dancing barefoot in flowing Greek garments, she bewildered audiences in her native San Francisco with improvisational dances that ignored all the rules of classical ballet. Refusing to let other people's opinions change her style, she moved to Paris to continue performing, and there she earned stardom, becoming a sensation throughout Europe. She later established three schools to share her philosophy of dance. Duncan died young, but her influence lives on.
10. CALMU2_140718_054.JPG: Joan Irvine Smith: Caring for California: With an "anything is possible" attitude, philanthropist Joan Irvine Smith rallies to preserve California's vanishing landscapes. Southern California's Crystal Cove State Parkland once slated for development is one success story. Always the optimist, Irvine Smith also lobbies to find a cure for nervous system damage. The courage actor Christopher Reeve displayed following his paralysis moved Irvine Smith to establish the Reeve-Irvine Research Center at the University of California, Irvine. She sees the Research Center as a prototype for future research centers worldwide.
11. CALMU2_140718_062.JPG: Dolores Huerta: Si! se puede! Marching shoulder to shoulder with Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta has dedicated her life to social justice and equal opportunity. A trained classroom teacher, Huerta opted to educate through advocacy, as an organizer, lobbyist and outspoken co-founder of the United Farm Workers of America (UFW). She fought toxic pesticide use, organized non-violent demonstrations and gathered support for her causes. Through her efforts, the Agricultural Labor Relations Act, America's first bill of rights for farm workers, was enacted. Huerta holds civil liberty and freedom awards and is a member of the National Women's Hall of Fame. The Dolores Huerta Foundation continues her work.
12. CALMU2_140718_070.JPG: Billie Jean King King wore this dress when she played for the Philadelphia Freedoms in the inaugural year of World Team Tennis, the league that she co-founded in 1974. King won her sixth Wimbledon singles title with this racquet in 1975.
13. CALMU2_140718_072.JPG: Billie Jean King: Trailblazing Athlete: Billie Jean King grew up playing on the public courts of Long Beach, won 39 grand slam tennis titles and took on the greatest players of her time. But she is best remembered for beating a greater foe -- discrimination. She did that in many ways, including by advocating for the passage of Title IX in 1972, and by beating former men's champion Bobby Riggs while over 100 million people watched on television. A quarter century later, LIFE magazine named her one of "One Hundred Most Important Americans of the 20th Century." In 2006 when the USTA National Tennis Center was renamed in her honor, she became the first women ever to have a significant sports center bear her name.
14. CALMU2_140718_082.JPG: Susan Shelton Queen Califia -- the mythical mother of California
15. CALMU2_140718_091.JPG: California Hall of Fame
16. CALMU2_140718_094.JPG: California Hall of Fame (donors include Clint Eastwood and Carlos Santana)
17. CALMU2_140718_098.JPG: The Warner Brothers
18. CALMU2_140718_104.JPG: The Warner Brothers (incorporated 1923) Warner brothers Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack got their start in movies by opening a theater in Pennsylvania in 1903. Soon they moved into movie production. Profits from their first hit, My Four Years in Germany (1918), helped the brothers purchase a studio in Hollywood. In 1923, following the successful film The Gold Diggers, Warner Brothers, Inc. was officially established. Then the brothers decided to gamble on sound. The world's first feature-length "talking picture," The Jazz Singer (1927), broke box-office records, established Warner Bros. as a major studio, and single-handedly launched the talkie revolution. The studio's successes included cartoons -- including the ever-popular Bugs Bunny -- and unforgettable movies such as Casablanca (1942) and the Dirty Harry films. Today the company remains a leader in the entertainment industry.
19. CALMU2_140718_106.JPG: Bank given to Jack Warner by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in thanks for the service he and his brothers had given him and the country. Fala was the President's legendary Scottish terrier and this bank is in Fala's image.
20. CALMU2_140718_115.JPG: Dolores Huerta (b. 1930) One of the most famous Latinas in the Untied States, Dolores Huerta has played a major role in the American civil rights movement as a community organizer and social activist for over 50 years. Best known as co-founder of the United Farm Workers (UFW), Huerta also is a staunch advocate for women's rights and reproductive freedom. She is a founding board member of the Feminist Majority Foundation and served on the board of Ms. magazine. A former UC Regent who has earned nine honorary doctorates, she often speaks at universities and organizational forums on issues of social justice and public policy. She continues working to develop community leaders and advocating for the working poor, immigrants, women and youth as President of the Dolores Huerta Foundation.
21. CALMU2_140718_127.JPG: Warren Beatty (b. 1937) A star since his first film in 1961 [Splendor in the Grass], Warren Beatty's longevity in movies exceeds that of any actor of his generation. And few people have taken responsibility for all phases of film production as producer, director, writer, and actor. Many of Beatty's films are considered classics. Only he and Orson Welles have been nominated for an Academy Award as an actor, a director, a writer, and a producer for the same film -- a feat Beatty achieved twice. He has been nominated fifteen times in these categories and eight pictures he has produced have earned 53 nominations. Politically active since the 1960s, Beatty campaigned with Robert Kennedy in 1968. More recently, he has addressed campaign finance reform, the increasing disparity of wealth, and universal health care.
22. CALMU2_140718_130.JPG: Beatty with Robert Kennedy. Beatty is well known for his political engagement. He campaigned with Robert Kennedy in his 1968 presidential campaign. That same year he traveled throughout the US speaking in favor of gun control and against the war in Vietnam.
23. CALMU2_140718_138.JPG: Dig It! The Secrets of Soil
24. CALMU2_140718_146.JPG: Ishi Ishi may be the most widely-known California Indian ever. Born around 1860, he was long believed to be the last surviving member of the Yahi band of the southern Yana Indians. Starving, he ventured out of the woods near Oroville in search of food in 1911. He was held there as "the last wild Indian" until anthropologist Alfred Kroeber brought him to the University of California, San Francisco. Ishi worked at the university museum until his death in 1916, and during those years he taught Kroeber and the world much about his culture.
25. CALMU2_140718_153.JPG: The Modoc War: The Modoc War (1872-1873), was one of the most infamous of the wars between the United States government and the American Indian. In the Lava Beds of the Modoc Plateau, in remote northeastern California, 55 Indians held off 1,000 U.S. Army soldiers for six months. Displaced from their ancestral lands around Tule Lake and the Lost River by western settlers, the Modoc had been moved to Klamath Reservation in Oregon in the late 1860s. Traditional enemies, the Klamath did not treat the Modoc well. A band of Modoc under the leadership of Kintepoos, or Captain Jack, returned to Lost River. While negotiating with the U.S. government for a reservation on Lost River, Captain Jack shot General Edward Canby. Ultimately, Captain Jack and his band were defeated. He and his lieutenants were executed, and his followers were deported to Oklahoma.
26. CALMU2_140718_156.JPG: Revolver attributed to Captain Jack. Colt Model 1851 Navy, made between 1850-1873.
27. CALMU2_140718_160.JPG: End of the Trail, by James Earle Frasier, 1915 Mainstream imagery from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century often depicted the extinction of the American Indian. Due to the population crash and the United States government's removal of Indians from their lands, most people at the time thought that Native peoples would soon disappear from North America. This sculpture reflects that attitude. But despite the odds, Indian cultures survived.
28. CALMU2_140718_165.JPG: Population Timeline California Indians as a percentage of California's total population Pre-Contact: Native population over 300,000 (100% of total) 1769: First Spanish mission founded in San Diego 1805-1830: Spanish, then Mexican, authorities capture California Indians for the missions 1806: Measles epidemic strikes California Indians 1833: Malaria epidemic strikes California Indians 1848: Gold discovery leads to the arrival of thousands of immigrants 1850: Native population approx. 100,000 (50% of total) 1853: First Indian reservations in California established 1854: California issues Indian War bonds 1872-73: Modoc War 1924: U.S. citizenship granted to Native Peoples 1950: Native population approx. 39,000 (.37% of total) 1956: U.S. Indian Relocation Act 1968: Indian Civil Rights Act 2009: Native population approx. 627,000 (1.7% of total)
29. CALMU2_140718_171.JPG: Annihilation: In 1542, the first European-Portuguese explorer Joao Cabrilho -- landed on the California coast. Western contact brought profound change to the Native cultures of the region. Relationships between tribes shifted with the introduction of new plants and animals such as cattle and horses and new trade goods such as glass, metal, and guns. In the 18th century, Spain decided to settle California, and invited Catholic priests to establish missions throughout the area. Twenty-one missions were established along the coast between 1769 and 1823. Many Indians came to the missions out of curiosity and converted to Christianity. The disruption of traditional ways of life, the breakup of families, and hunger forced many more Indians to seek out the missions. There they came in contact with diseases to which they had little resistance. The Native population along the coast collapsed. With the discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada in 1848, the interior tribes were in turn severely disrupted.
30. CALMU2_140718_174.JPG: Resistance: California Indians did not passively sit by while outsiders took over their lands. The Kymeyaay revolted against Mission San Diego in 1769 and 1775. Ten years later, Tongva shaman Toypurina led a revolt against Mission San Gabriel. The Chumash revolted against their missions in the 1820s. More recently, in 1969-71, Indians from all over the United States occupied Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay as a symbol of resistance.
31. CALMU2_140718_177.JPG: Assimilation: The Mexican government ended the California mission system in 1826, turning out thousands of Indians into lands now occupied by others. Most, unable to return to their old ways of life, had to work as slaves for the settlers. After California became a state in 1850, the US decided that since the Indians could no longer make a living in their traditional ways, they were better off being assimilated -- becoming "civilized" members of the majority culture. The US created boarding schools to raise Indian children as Euro-Americans. Native boys and girls were taken from their families and sent to distance schools, where they were forbidden to speak their own languages or otherwise practice their cultures. Despite these efforts, Indian cultures survived. In the 1970s, the US passed laws that promoted Indian self-determination, and many tribes are now recognized as independent nations. Entrepreneurship, including casinos, along with language and cultural revitalization, are some expressions of this self-determination.
32. CALMU2_140718_180.JPG: Sherman Institute yearbooks One of the largest and best known of the Indian boarding schools was Sherman Institute, which opened in 1902 near Riverside, California. Like the missions before them, Sherman, Fort Bidwell School in Modoc County, and others were designed "to kill the Indian but save the man." Assimilation was a national ideal reflecting Amerca as a "melting pot" of cultures. Students representing more than fifty tribes from all over the country have attended Sherman, most from California and Arizona. The classes originally focused mostly on trades, such as carpentry for boys and housekeeping for girls. Sherman now operates as a high school. It and the other schools that still exist today have a much greater appreciation for traditional cultures and offer multicultural curricula.
33. CALMU2_140718_196.JPG: Wounded Yellow Robe, Timber Yellow Robe, and Henry Standing Bear upon admission, and six months later. Indian boarding schools proudly photographed their students when they arrived as "Indians" and later as "Americans" after the children had received haircuts and put on western clothing. The students in these before and after photos attended Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, but the effects were the same at California schools.
34. CALMU2_140718_201.JPG: Appropriation: Ironically, at the same time the United States was trying to destroy Native American cultures, it often used images of Indians for its own purposes. From tobacco shop wooden Indians to Pontiac hood ornaments, from sports team mascots to the Indian head penny or the Sacajawea dollar, Native images have been used as symbols of the United States, its businesses and institutions. Many people today object to the use of these images because it turns people into commodities, using them to sell a product. The images typically chosen also encourage a mistaken idea that all Native Americans live in teepees, wear the Plains feather headdress, and, if alive at all, are stuck in the past. California Indians want to be seen as who they are -- not as stereotypes of other Native American groups, and not as fossils of the past.
35. CALMU2_140718_218.JPG: Tonto Action Figure doll, about 1971 Tonto was a fictional character who played the Lone Ranger's faithful sidekick on radio and television shows of the 1940s and 1950s. He also appeared in comic books and toy sets until the 1980s.
36. CALMU2_140718_227.JPG: "Wild West" shows were popular throughout the country after the Indian Wars ended. Often staged by non-Indians, performers also included Indian "celebrities" such as Sitting Bull, Winema, and Geronimo.
37. CALMU2_140718_231.JPG: Museum visitors created this paper mache and decoupage Lincoln under the direction of Sacramento artist Wendy Shaul. Children colored pictures to illustrate Lincoln's important legacy, which were incorporated into the sculpture.
38. CALMU2_140718_248.JPG: Asian Immigration: The largest group of Asian immigrants to the United States have been Chinese and Japanese. Most arrived and first settled in California. The Chinese and Japanese sough economic betterment, as did most. Like other immigrants, most came between the 1850s and 1930s during a period of American industrial and agricultural expansion. Most came without sufficient education or experience to engage in a profession or skilled trade, and many who came were impoverished. The majority of immigrants also stayed in the region where they first settled. Most European immigrants in the East became unskilled industrial laborers, and most Asians became mining and agricultural laborers. Discrimination against Asian immigrants in the United States involved the government in disputes with Asian government. Among educated people in Asia, American failure to observe ethnic democracy was a discredit to itself and the system. Asian groups have remained discrete, separated from one another and the majority community. There have been no major Asian-Anglo racial mixing or combinations of Asian ethnicity into a pan-Asian bloc. Renewed ethnic consciousness of the 1960s and 1970s has reinforced separate identities of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and other groups. The significance of the Asian American experience -- largely a California story -- transcends the story of discrimination and contributes enormously to the American experiment in diversity.
39. CALMU2_140718_251.JPG: Causes of Chinese Emigration: By the middle of the 19th century, when news of the gold discovery in California reached China, there existed in China ideal conditions for emigration. The Qing (or Ch'ing) Dynasty, which had ruled China since the 17th century, was weakening. China had a booming population and declining standard of living. The administration was crumbling. Western powers had humiliated the Chinese in the Opium War; "foreign devils," as the Chinese called the British, dominated external trade. Residents of Guangdong (or Kwangtung) Province already had a sojourning tradition that began at the end of the 18th century. This prepared residents of Guangdong to venture across the Pacific to "Gold Mountain" when opportunity for economic improvement beckoned in 1849.
40. CALMU2_140718_254.JPG: The Lure of Gold Mountain: Gold Mountain is the Chinese name for California, and the words embody the lure that California held for the first Chinese immigrants. These were almost exclusively men who intended to return to their families in China once they had earned enough money. In California, the Chinese quickly became an important segment of the labor force. Willing to work for low pay, Chinese labored as miners and, most famously, as builders of the Central Pacific Railroad. Their contributions to agriculture, manufacturing, and construction were just as important. From the beginning, widely diversified economic roles were played by Chinese immigrants. In the early decades of the Chinese American experience, they worked in various service industry jobs, and they also operated businesses and provided services among the Chinese. There were labor contractors, restaurant and boardinghouse operators, and many kinds of small business proprietors and retail operators.
41. CALMU2_140718_256.JPG: Discrimination Against the Chinese: Although many examples of overt ethnic discrimination have been written into national statues, the Chinese were the first immigrants to be subjected to it. Restriction on Chinese immigration was first supported by workers, labor organizations, and politicians who saw the Chinese as competitors for American jobs. Anti-Chinese sentiment resulted ultimately in the Exclusion Act of 1882, which barred further Chinese immigration to the United States. With the exception of American Indians, no group in the 19th-century West suffered as much from violence as did the Chinese. Although the number of Chinese decreased, those who remained endured. It is this strength -- marked by prosperity despite adversity -- that distinguishes Chinese America.
42. CALMU2_140718_260.JPG: Chinese Population Trends: The Chinese occupy a special place in American demography. From the 1880s to the 1920s, the Chinese population shrank from a peak of about 125,000 in 1882 to a census low of just over 60,000 in 1920. No other ethnic group declined so steeply in numbers. During the same period, Chinese transformed from small-town and rural residents to urban dwellers. Originally, this meant San Fransisco; in 1875, 47,000 people lived in its Chinatown. In 1880, 22 percent of Chinese lived in cities over 100,000; by 1910, 49 percent lived in large cities; and by 1940, 71 percent lived in the big cities. Although the Chinese population in the United States began to rise by 1940, the ratio within the total population remained low. In California, Chinese people comprised 9.2 percent of the population in 1860 -- or 1 out of every 11. But by 1940, only 1 out of every 200 was Chinese.
43. CALMU2_140718_267.JPG: State Tree: The California Redwood became the official state tree in 1937. Once common throughout the northern hemisphere, redwoods are now found only near the Pacific Coast. There are two kinds: the coast redwood, which is the tallest tree in the world, and the giant sequoia, which is the most massive.
44. CALMU2_140718_274.JPG: Ishi (about 1860-1916): Nearly a century after his death, the man known as Ishi (meaning "man" in his native language) remains the most famous California Indian. In 1911, Ishi ventured into Oroville and became a national sensation. He had spent his life in hiding with a few other survivors of the Yahi People. most of whom had been wiped out in previous decades by disease, starvation and genocide. He spent the rest of his years sharing his culture. Taken to the University of California anthropology museum, Ishi's intelligence and graciousness challenged popular racist stereotypes about Native people. The world also learned much about the Yahi as he demonstrated traditional tool-making and hunting, and shared his ancestral stories and songs.
45. CALMU2_140718_276.JPG: Ishi's family's bobcat and raccoon fur cape: Ishi and his family, like many Indians of the area, had been hunted by settlers. They went into hiding in a cave near Chico known as "Wowunupo my tetna" or "Grizzly bear's hiding place." On November 6, 1908, three ranchers came upon their camp, which had a kettle of still-steaming acorns but no people in sight. The ranchers took the fur cape displayed here, along with two more capes, baskets, and other items in the cave.
46. CALMU2_140718_284.JPG: Arrowhead made by Ishi: Using a traditional skill called flint knapping, Ishi made this arrowhead from the base of a Clorox bleach bottle around 1911-1914. He gave it to a young boy who was a patient at a nearby hospital.
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Wikipedia Description: The California Museum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The California Museum, formerly The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts – home of the California Hall of Fame – is housed in the State Archives Building in Sacramento, one block from the State Capitol. The building has more than 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2) of exhibit space, and facilities for lectures, performances, receptions and events.

History

Originally called the Golden State Museum, The California Museum opened in June 1998 as a unique public/private partnership. It was developed under the Secretary of State’s office with ste bond funding for the facility and the opening exhibits. However, the Museum’s long-term management and financial support are the responsibility of a nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation, no direct funding from the state supports the Museum. Private contributions, augmented by proceeds from admissions and the Museum Store, fund the Museum’s programs and operations.

In May 2004, former First Lady Maria Shriver, working with the Secretary of State and California State Parks, presented an exhibit titled “California’s Remarkable Women.” This trailblazing exhibit honors the legacy and celebrates the accomplishments of California’s remarkable women of yesterday and today. The exhibit’s success set in motion the idea for The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts—a Museum that tells the story of California and for the first time the stories of California’s women.

Shriver led a bipartisan effort to create this revitalized museum which operates as a nonprofit, non-partisan historical and cultural institution dedicated to telling the complete history of California, including the stories of California’s women and under-represented groups in history. A revitalized Board of Trustees oversees the operations and has launched a multi-million dollar capital campaign to design and develop the new Museum.

As of March 2011, Governor Jerry Brown and First ...More...
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- 2014_CA_California_Museum1: CA -- Sacramento -- California Museum -- 1st Floor (164 photos from 2014)
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2014 photos: Trips this year: three Civil War Trust conferences (Winchester, VA, Nashville, TN, and Atlanta, GA), Michigan to visit mom in the hospice before she died and then a return trip after she died, and my 9th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Las Vegas, Reno, Carson City, Sacramento, Oakland, and Los Angeles). Ego strokes: Paul Dickson used one of my photos as the author photo in his book "Aphorisms: Words Wrought by Writers". Equipment this year: I mostly used my Fuji XS-1 camera but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000. Number of photos taken this year: just over 470,000.
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