BGuthrie Photos: MS -- Okolona

MS -- Okolona:

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[1] OKOLON_130526_07.JPG	[2] OKOLON_130526_10.JPG	[3] OKOLON_130526_15.JPG
[4] OKOLON_130526_19.JPG	[5] OKOLON_130526_23.JPG	[6] OKOLON_130526_36.JPG
[7] OKOLON_130526_42.JPG	[8] OKOLON_130526_52.JPG	[9] OKOLON_130526_55.JPG
[10] OKOLON_130526_62.JPG	[11] OKOLON_130526_66.JPG	[12] OKOLON_130526_76.JPG
[13] OKOLON_130526_82.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. OKOLON_130526_07.JPG: Chickasaw county's tribute to her sons who wore the gray and were faithful to the cause Erected under auspices of Okolona Chapter UDC No 117
2. OKOLON_130526_23.JPG: Confederate Cemetery: As a station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, Okolona was the site of a large hospital during the Civil War. In 1862, following the battle of Shiloh, hundreds of wounded Confederates were brought here by train. Those who died were buried in this graveyard adjoining the city cemetery. Other solders, either victims of disease or casualties of battle, are also buried here. In all, the Confederate Cemetery contains more than 800 dead, several hundred of whom remain unknown.
3. OKOLON_130526_42.JPG: Okolona Confederate Cemetery Okolona, Chickasaw County, Mississippi "Northeast Mississippi's largest Confederate Cemetery" "In 1862 the Okolona College building known as Rose Gates College, was taken by the Confederate government as a hospital. It was a three-story building with about a dozen rude wards surrounding it. The Presbyterian church was also used for the same purpose, and a number of soldiers were cared for in private homes. "While the Confederate Army was operating in Tennessee and Northeast Mississippi, the sick of the army was sent to the hospital at this place, as were the wounded from the battles of Shiloh, Corinth and Brice's Cross Roads. These soldiers were principally from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas. Between 900 and 1,000 deaths occurred in Chickasaw county, and that number of bodies lies in the Confederate Soldiers Cemetery, situated in the southwest portion of Okolona, adjoining the old Citizens' Cemetery, on the south. The college building was burned by the Federals on one of their raids, after it had been abandoned by the Confederacy. The cemetery is enclosed and the graves have been cared for and yearly decorated with appropriate ceremonies, by the members of the Okolana Chapter, of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, who are striving to raise money to erect a fitting monument to the memory of their sacred dead."
4. OKOLON_130526_82.JPG: Okolona: Founded as Rose Hill 1845. Chartered as Okolona 1850. Named for Chickasaw Indian brave. Scene of three Civil War battles. First Mississippi Calvary, CSA, was organized and equipped here.
Wikipedia Description: Battle of Okolona
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Battle of Okolona took place on February 22, 1864, in Chickasaw County, Mississippi, between Confederate and Union forces during the American Civil War. Confederate cavalry, commanded by Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, faced 7,000 cavalry under the command of Brig. Gen. William Sooy Smith and defeated them at Okolona, causing 100 casualties for the loss of 50.

Smith's force had been ordered to set off from Memphis, Tennessee, and rendezvous with the main Union army of 20,000 that was stationed at Meridian, Mississippi, and was under the command of Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman. However, Smith disobeyed orders and delayed his march for ten days. When he eventually left, he encountered the Confederate cavalry force on February 21, and on February 22 was engaged in a running battle across eleven miles with Forrest's forces. With Confederate reinforcements, Forrest routed Smith but did not pursue due to lack of ammunition, and Smith limped over the state line to Tennessee on February 26, where he was criticized for putting Sherman's Meridian Expedition in danger.

Background:

Main article: Battle of Meridian

Meridian was an important railroad center, and was the objective of a campaign launched from Vicksburg, Mississippi, on February 3 by Sherman, who brought 20,000 men to the outskirts of the town. Seven thousand cavalry under Smith's command were stationed in Memphis, and on February 1 these were ordered to leave for Meridian along the Mobile & Ohio Railroad and rendezvous with the main Union force on February 10. While Sherman feinted his way towards Meridian to throw off Confederate forces, Smith delayed his own advance for 10 days before leaving on February 11. His force moved unopposed through the countryside, destroying railroads and crops as well as picking up 1,000 slaves. On February 16 passed through New Albany, his progress slowed due to muddy roads. On February 18 he drove a Confederate force from West Point, and he was 90 miles from Meridian, just outside West Point, on February 20 when Sherman eventually left his position in the town and returned to Vicksburg, fearing for Smith's whereabouts. Smith, hearing of this, turned about and headed for Okolona.

Later on February 20, Smith fought an initial battle with Confederate forces under Forrest's command at Prairie Station and Aberdeen. On February 21, having decided to withdraw to West Point because of concern over the size of the Confederate forces and the fate of the slaves if they were captured, Smith was lured into the swampy area around the Tombigbee River by a Confederate cavalry brigade under Col. Jeffrey Forrest. Smith was forced again to retreat, leaving a rearguard, which followed his main force two hours later.

The battle:

Forrest arrived to conduct the battle as the rearguard began to retreat, and led the first attack at dawn on February 22 on the prairie south of Okolona. The Union forces had dismounted and constructed barricades around their positions. Forrest began a frontal assault and probing flank attacks, and with Confederate reinforcements, cut gaps in the Union battle lines and prompted a general retreat, with five cannons being abandoned.

The Union forces reformed on a ridge, and during a flurry of attacks and counterattacks Col. Forrest, the major general's younger brother, was killed by a shot to the neck. He allegedly died in the arms of his brother, who muttered "Jeffrey, Jeffrey." Faltering after the colonel's death, the Confederate attack was revitalized by the older Forrest, who led a charge to "exact vengeance" and break the Union positions. During the pursuit, Forrest and his group were briefly overwhelmed before Col. McCullough arrived with reinforcements.

The Union forces began an eleven mile running battle as they withdrew, falling back through a series of defensive positions including plantations and roadblocks. However, these positions were quickly abandoned in the face of Confederate attacks. Towards the end of the day, the Union forces drew into three lines on a field, and charged the Confederates, who used volley fire to disrupt both charges at a range of 40 yards. Facing such defeat, Smith began a further withdrawal. Forrest quickly ordered the end of the pursuit due to lack of ammunition, but Smith was forced to contend with other Mississippi militia units for the rest of his retreat to the Tennessee border.

At Collierville, Tennessee, Smith crossed the state line on February 26 with the remainder of his forces, where he was reprimanded for disobeying his initial orders to start out for Meridian on February 1. He subsequently left the military and returned to civilian life.
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