MD -- Ellicott City Station (Baltimore & Ohio Ellicott City Station Museum):
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- ECSTAT_131015_01.JPG: B&O Railroad Station
Keep Supplies Moving
One of the first railroads in the country, constructed in 1830 of wooden rails that carried horse-drawn cars, extended from Baltimore to Ellicott's Mills. This station was built the next year, and soon steel rails replaced wooden ones as the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was constructed. The line became strategically important to the Union war effort in 1861, and the local Patapsco Guard were among the Federal troops that guarded the road. Supplies en route to the armies passed the station day and night. After the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg, prisoners were held here pending parole and transfer to prison camps. The war's human toll was vividly evident here after the Union defeat at the Monocacy River near Frederick, Maryland, as thousands of Federal soldiers, casualties, and prisoners flowed through town both on foot and by train as they retreated to Baltimore.
Patapsco Guard: Local businessman Thomas McGowan began recruiting for the company named the Patapsco Guard in September 1861; he became its captain. The Guard assumed provost marshal duties in Ellicott's Mills until May 1862. They briefly served with the 3rd Maryland Infantry and marched to Harpers Ferry where they skirmished with Confederate troops. On June 2, the Patapsco Guard refused to enter Virginia on the grounds that they were a home guard raised to defend Maryland, not invade the South. Several men were dishonorably discharged for desertion. In 1863, the Guard fought in a small engagement at Wrightsville, Pennsylvania, and then reported to Gettysburg after the battle to assist in guarding hospitals on the battlefield. In August 1865, they were mustered out of service.
- ECSTAT_131015_13.JPG: Ellicott City B&O Museum
- Wikipedia Description: Ellicott City station
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Ellicott City Station is the oldest remaining passenger train station in the United States, and one of the oldest in the world. At the time of its construction in 1830 it was the terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line from Baltimore to Ellicott's Mills, Maryland and it incorporated features for the servicing of steam locomotives at the end of the 13 mile (21 km) run. The station, a National Historic Landmark, is now used as a museum.
Description
The station was built in 1830 at the end of the Oliver Viaduct, of local stone (Ellicott City Granodiorite) provided by one of the quarries owned by the Ellicott family, which had founded the town and local flour mill in 1772. The two-story stone building is built against the viaduct. A gabled roof is topped by a wood ventilating cupola. The upper level of the station is at the level of the tracks on the viaduct.
The Oliver Viaduct was the second major stone bridge built by the railroad (after the Carrollton Viaduct). It was 123 feet (37 m) long and comprised three 20 feet (6.1 m) arches.:94 The viaduct was damaged by Hurricane Agnes in 1972, and has since been reconstructed.
The station building was designed to allow engines to be pulled in on the upper level so that they could be worked on from below. A turntable with a diameter of 50 feet (15 m) was fitted in 1863 to permit locomotives to be turned around. The turntable was filled in after the rail line was extended, but the granite foundations remain.
The railroad built an adjacent freight house, designed by E. Francis Baldwin, in 1885. The station is now used as a museum.
History
The railroad's inaugural trip from Baltimore to Ellicott's Mills has held on May 22, 1830, with horse-drawn rail cars. Regular passenger service began on May 24.:27
The B&O demonstrated its first locomotive, the Tom Thumb, at Ellicott's Mills in a famous race against a horse later in 1830.:94–5 The railroad began using locomotives for passenger trains in 1832.:30
The station is significant as the terminus of the original B&O railroad. The B&O was conceived as a means of re-establishing Baltimore as a major terminus of inland commerce, a position the city had lost with the advent of the Erie Canal. The commencement of construction on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, originating in nearby rival Washington, D.C., gave impetus to the use of a railroad for topographically-challenged Baltimore. From Ellicott's Mills the tracks reached Harpers Ferry, West Virginia in 1834, Cumberland, Maryland (the eventual terminus of the C&O Canal) by 1842, and Wheeling, West Virginia on the Ohio River in 1852.
Museum
The Ellicott City Station is part of the Baltimore & Ohio Ellicott City Station Museum. The museum was operated by the B&O Railroad Museum under partnership with Howard County from 2006 to 2017. Beginning in September 2017, the museum was directly managed by Howard County's Department of Recreation & Parks. Admission is free, although some special events and tours may carry a fee.
Facilities at the B&O Ellicott City Station Museum include:
* the original 1831 freight station with car house, later converted to a passenger station and now outfitted with period waiting rooms, a ticket/telegraph office, and office and living quarters for the freight agent
* a turntable, constructed in 1863 to turn engines so they could return to Baltimore
* the replacement freight station, designed by Ephraim Francis Baldwin and built in 1885
* a caboose dating from 1927.
A permanent HO-gauge model train layout is housed in the 1885 freight house; the layout is built as "the original thirteen miles of commercial rail track stretching from Baltimore to Ellicott Mills", and train videos are projected onto the wall behind. Other static displays include memorabilia explaining the role of the B&O Railroad and the station in the American Civil War. The car house also hosts a holiday train layout in December.
The Museum also offers living history interpretation,, reenactments, guided group tours, visiting exhibits, educational programs and special events for school groups, families, and adults.
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