BGuthrie Photos: DC -- U.S. Capitol (interior) -- National Statuary Hall

DC -- U.S. Capitol (interior) -- National Statuary Hall:

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Description of Pictures: Including the new Rosa Parks statue.

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. CAPNSH_130218_042.JPG: Car of History Clock The marble Car of History by Carlo Franzoni is located above the north door to National Statuary Hall (the Old Hall of the House of Representatives). The Basics Artist: Marble by Carlo Franzoni; Clock works by Simon Willard. Materials: Marble Year: 1819 Location: National Statuary Hall Clio, the Greek Muse of History, is depicted standing in her winged chariot, or car. The car is traveling from west to east and her body is facing south, with her left foot resting on the edge of the car; her head is turned to look over her right shoulder, observing the events of the past. Her left hand holds a book (the modern version of the scroll or tablet with which she was depicted in classical times). Her right hand rests upon the book, and the position of her fingers suggests that at some time she held a pen; several early books and articles specifically refer to her holding one, but no photographs have been found that show it, and its loss or removal does not appear to have been documented. On the front of the car is a winged Nike, the goddess of victory, who blows a trumpet of fame that she holds in her right hand; in her left she holds a palm branch, a symbol of victory or peace traditionally associated with her. A profile bust of George Washington appears on the side of the car below Clio's foot. The car's wheel is the face of a clock, with the black painted roman numerals set within a gilded band; it rests on a partial globe decorated with the zodiac signs Sagittarius, Aries and Aquarius (comprising the months that the Congress was in session but, surprisingly, out of sequence). The sculptor's inscription, "C. Franzoni Faciebat 1819," appears on the top edge of the car's side above the wheel and can be seen only from above. The statue was carved from at least five pieces of Carrara marble, chiseled separately and then joined together with iron bars covered in plaster. It stands about seven and a half feet tall, with Clio depicted at approximately human size. The brass and steel mechanism of the clock is housed in a wooden box at the rear of the sculpture and is signed "Simon Willard and Son." Samuel F. B. Morse's 1822 painting depicting the House of Representatives chamber shows a clock-face as part of the completed sculpture, but records indicate that the current Willard clock was installed around 1835. The Car of History was created by Carlo Franzoni, born into a family of sculptors in Cararra, Italy. His older brother, Giuseppe, was a sculptor who had come to the United States and worked at the Capitol until his untimely death, and in 1816 Carlo came to take his place at the government's request. Franzoni family lore maintains that the model for Clio was Carlo's niece (likely Giuseppe's daughter). Franzoni completed the Car of History shortly before his death from heart complications in May 1819. A design for the sculpture first appears in an August 1815 drawing by architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe. The drawing shows his proposal for rebuilding the former Hall of the House of Representatives, which was destroyed when British troops burned the Capitol in 1814 during the War of 1812. Latrobe's drawing of the sculpture differs from Franzoni's completed version in several ways: that car is traveling from east to west; Clio is seated rather than standing, with her left leg extended forward over the car’s wing; and she holds a mirror in addition to a pen. Latrobe may have been inspired by Empire mantel clocks, which also feature Roman-style chariots with clock face wheels and are often combined with mythological figures; however, Latrobe's creative solution of literally wedding time with history on a monumental scale appears to be unprecedented. The statue and the clock have both undergone periodic restoration, and conservation has consisted chiefly of removing grime and stains. Some small repairs and replacements have also been made to the clock mechanism. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/car-history-clock
2. CAPNSH_130218_052.JPG: John Burke Statue The Basics Artist: Avard Fairbanks Materials: Bronze Year: 1963 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of John Burke was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by North Dakota in 1963. John Burke was born on February 25, 1859, in Sigourney, Iowa. He was educated in local schools and received his law degree from the University of Iowa in 1886. In 1888 he migrated to the Dakota Territory, where he worked as a harvest hand and schoolmaster. He began his law practice in his hotel room and helped publish the town newspaper. By 1889 he was a successful lawyer and was elected Rolette County judge. He later became state's attorney of Rolette County. Burke served in the North Dakota House of Representatives in 1891 and in the state Senate from 1893 to 1895. Nicknamed "Honest John," Burke was a man of unquestioned integrity. As governor from 1907 to 1913, his great accomplishment was ridding North Dakota of corrupt political control. He initiated many reforms, including regulation of lobbying, establishment of a tax commission, and laws providing for the first primary election. He supported legislation regarding child labor, juvenile courts, and an employment compensation commission. His concern for the public welfare was reflected in food and sanitation laws; a public health law; and regulation of medicine, surgery, and public utilities. In 1913, he was appointed treasurer of the United States by President Woodrow Wilson and served until 1921. He resumed law practice in Fargo. In 1924, he was elected a justice on the Supreme Court of North Dakota, serving as chief justice from 1929 to 1931 and from 1935 to 1937. He died on May 14, 1937. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/john-burke-statue
3. CAPNSH_130218_062.JPG: Robert M. La Follette Statue The Basics Artist: Jo Davidson Materials: Marble Year: 1929 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Robert M. La Follette was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Wisconsin in 1929. Robert M. La Follette was born in Primrose, Wisconsin, on June 14, 1855. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1879, was admitted to the bar in 1880, was appointed district attorney of Dane County from 1880 to 1884, and served from 1885 to 1891 in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he supported the McKinley Tariff Bill. Losing re-election, La Follette returned to his law practice and concentrated on improving the political system in Wisconsin. Elected governor in 1900, he proposed and implemented his "Wisconsin Idea." This became an important element of the Progressive Movement; it included opposition to political bosses, employment of technical experts for public service, direct primary nomination, railroad regulation, and tax reform. He nominated himself to the United States Senate for the term beginning in March 1905 and was confirmed by the state senate, but he decided to remain as governor and left Wisconsin's U.S. Senate seat empty until 1906. He then took his seat in the Senate, where he served until his death. On the national level, La Follette worked for progressive reforms, including the direct election of senators. He championed the conservation movement and led the opposition to the Payne-Aldrich Tariff. In 1912 he lost the Progressive Party presidential nomination to Theodore Roosevelt. To make his progressive ideas better known he founded La Follette's Weekly Magazine in 1909 and the National Progressive Republican League in 1911. He opposed American involvement in World War I and President Wilson's foreign policy. He wrote the resolution authorizing the Senate investigation of the Teapot Dome scandal. In 1924, he ran unsuccessfully for president on the Progressive Party ticket. He died on June 18, 1925, in Washington, D.C. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/robert-m-la-follette-statue
4. CAPNSH_130218_067.JPG: John Sevier Statue The Basics Artist: Belle Kinney and Leopold F. Scholz Materials: Bronze Year: 1931 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of John Sevier was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Tennessee in 1931. John Sevier was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, on September 23, 1745. Searching for available land he could afford, he moved west in 1772 and served as a militia captain under George Washington in Lord Dunmore's War. A lieutenant colonel in the trans-Allegheny forces during the Revolution, he was commended for his services at Kings Mountain in 1780. Consequently, in March 1785 he was elected governor of the independent State of Franklin, a portion of North Carolina where settlers desired statehood. North Carolina declared the State of Franklin in revolt, subdued it with force, and ceded it to Congress. Subsequently, Sevier was elected to the North Carolina Senate in 1789, received a full pardon, and was restored to his status of brigadier general. He retired to his plantation and was appointed trustee of Washington College and Blount College (now the University of Tennessee). Because of his military renown, he was elected the first governor of Tennessee (1796–1801 and 1803–1809), state senator (1809–1811), and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives in 1811. He died on September 24, 1815, while serving as commissioner to survey the boundary between Georgia and the land of the Creek Indians in Alabama. His remains were later reinterred in Knoxville, Tennessee. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/john-sevier-statue
5. CAPNSH_130218_075.JPG: Robert Fulton Statue The Basics Artist: Howard Roberts Materials: Marble Year: 1889 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Robert Fulton was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Pennsylvania in 1889. Robert Fulton was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1765. His early education was limited, but he displayed considerable artistic talent and inventiveness. At the age of 17 he moved to Philadelphia, where he established himself as a painter. Advised to go abroad because of ill health, he moved to London in 1786. His lifelong interest in scientific and engineering developments, especially in the application of steam engines, supplanted art as a career. Fulton secured English patents for machines with a wide variety of functions. He was also interested in canal systems. In 1797, European conflicts led Fulton to begin work on weapons against piracy, including submarines, mines and torpedoes. He soon moved to France, where he worked on canal systems. In 1800 he built a successful "diving boat," which he named the Nautilus. Neither the French nor the English were sufficiently interested to induce Fulton to continue his submarine design. His interest in building a steamboat continued. In 1802 Fulton contracted with Robert Livingston to construct a steamboat for use on the Hudson River; over the next four years he built prototypes in Europe. He returned to New York in 1806. On August 17, 1807, the Clermont, Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York for Albany, thus inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world. Fulton died on February 24, 1815, and is buried in Old Trinity Churchyard, New York City. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/robert-fulton-statue
6. CAPNSH_130218_087.JPG: Alexander Hamilton Stephens Statue The Basics Artist: Gutzon Borglum Materials: Marble Year: 1927 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Alexander Hamilton Stephens was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Georgia in 1927. Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born near Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, on February 11, 1812. Left orphaned and penniless at age 15, he attended school through the charity of friends and by working. In 1832 he graduated from the University of Georgia. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1834. He served in the state legislature from 1836 to 1842 and in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1858. Always in frail health, Stephens was nonetheless a dedicated statesman, an effective leader, and a powerful orator, always seeking moderation and peace. Abraham Lincoln, serving in Congress with Stephens, admired and befriended him; John Quincy Adams wrote a poem in his honor. Although opposed to secession and differing with Jefferson Davis over states' rights and nullification, Stephens served as the Confederacy's vice president. Lincoln's trust in Stephens led to the Hampton Roads Peace Conference, which was unsuccessful. At the close of the war, Stephens was arrested and imprisoned for five months at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. Elected to the U.S. Senate upon his release, he was refused a seat because Georgia had not been readmitted to the Union. He served again in the House of Representatives from 1873 to 1882. Elected governor of Georgia in 1882, he served for four months until his death on March 4, 1883. Throughout his life Stephens helped numerous deserving young men secure an education, and he was influential in the affairs of the Wesleyan, the first state chartered female college. Stephens is buried on his estate, "Liberty Hall," near Crawfordville, Georgia. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/alexander-hamilton-stephens-statue
7. CAPNSH_130218_106.JPG: Charles Marion Russell Statue The Basics Artist: John B. Weaver Materials: Bronze Year: 1959 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Charles Marion Russell was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Montana in 1959. Charles Marion Russell, noted American cowboy artist, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on March 19, 1864. At the age of 16 he went to Montana to fulfill his dream of being a cowboy. While on the range, he began sketching to amuse his companions. As his natural talent matured, his watercolors and oils became popular. Gradually, painting became his life's work. He never became a skillful cowhand, despite his 16 years of effort. In 1896, after marrying Nancy Cooper, who became his business manager, he settled down and built a studio in Great Falls, Montana. His works portrayed Indians, cattle round-ups, and the sort of frontier scenes that people in eastern cities found fascinating. His paintings, first sold in saloons and general stores, soon were used as illustrations in newspapers and began to appear in art galleries in New York, Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles. He became famous. Several of his paintings were exhibited at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 and at the London Dor� Galleries in 1914. By 1920 a painting of Russell's could sell for $10,000.00. Russell was also a superb sculptor. By 1904 his small wax figures of mounted cowboys, Indians, and animals were being cast in bronze and sold by Tiffany and Co. in New York. Russell died on October 24, 1926, in Great Falls, Montana. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/charles-marion-russell-statue
8. CAPNSH_130218_114.JPG: Father Junipero Serra Statue The Basics Artist: Ettore Cadorin Materials: Bronze Year: 1931 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Father Junipero Serra was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by California in 1931. Father Junipero Serra (Miguel Jose Serra) was born in Majorca on November 24, 1713, he joined the Franciscan Order at the age of 16. He soon gained prominence as an eloquent preacher and eventually became a professor of theology. His dream was to become a missionary to America. He arrived in Mexico City in 1750 to begin this new life. In 1769 he established a mission at the present site of San Diego, California, the first of a number that would include San Antonio, San Buenaventura, San Carlos, San Francisco de Assisi, San Gabriel, San Juan Capistrano, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Clara. This was a herculean task considering that Father Serra was already in his fifties and suffered from a chronic ulcerated condition in one leg. Serra was ascetic and uncompromising in his zeal to convert the Indians to Christianity and to make his missions self sufficient. Inhabitants built their own homes, spun wool for garments, and pursued careers as masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, and millers; thousands of barrels of grain were kept in reserve supply, and herds of cattle, sheep, horses, and swine were maintained. The ulcerated condition of Serra's leg eventually spread to his chest. At the age of 71, aware of his deterioration, he made a final visit to his missions. The well-known and beloved missionary died in Monterey, California, on August 28, 1784; his missions continued to flourish for another 50 years. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/father-junipero-serra-statue
9. CAPNSH_130218_115.JPG: Huey Pierce Long Statue The Basics Artist: Charles Keck Materials: Bronze Year: 1941 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Huey Pierce Long was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Louisiana in 1941. Huey Long, "The Kingfish," was born in Winnfield, Louisiana, on August 30, 1893, to a poor farm family of strong religious convictions. He attended the local public schools. Although he was eager to attend college, there was no money; at the age of 16 he was on his own as a door-to-door salesman. He studied law for six months at the University of Oklahoma in 1912; he later finished the course at Tulane University and was admitted to the bar in 1915. He quickly entered politics and was elected state railroad commissioner in 1917. An energetic campaigner, Long became popular for his grassroots oratory. Defeated for the governorship in 1924, he was elected in 1928, campaigning on a platform of free schoolbooks, paved roads and improved hospitals. As governor, he enlarged the state university at Baton Rouge to accommodate more students. His rise to power during the Depression years capitalized on the people's needs. His bold use of authority and state funds nearly led to his impeachment in 1929, but proceedings collapsed in the state senate. Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1930, he did not take his seat until January 1932. His proposed "Share the Wealth" program, which promised every family $5,000 and the confiscation of large estates, made him a presidential prospect for 1936. At the height of his power, while visiting the state house in Baton Rouge, Long was assassinated by Dr. Carl Weiss. He died on September 10, 1935, and is buried on the grounds of the state capitol. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/huey-pierce-long-statue
10. CAPNSH_130218_141.JPG: Frances E. Willard Statue The Basics Artist: Helen Farnsworth Mears Materials: Marble Year: 1905 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Frances Willard was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Illinois in 1905. A pioneer in the temperance movement, Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard is also remembered for her contributions to women's higher education and suffrage. Born on September 28, 1839, in Churchville, New York, she spent her childhood in Oberlin, Ohio, and later in Janesville, Wisconsin, where her father had purchased a large farm. She attended the Milwaukee Female College for one year and finished her college degree at North Western Female College in Evanston, Illinois. Willard taught at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary in 1866–1867 and toured Europe and the Middle East from 1868 to 1870. She became president of the Evanston College for Women in 1871 and served until 1873. She was the first woman college president to confer degrees and, when the college merged with Northwestern University in 1873, she became the first Dean of Women. Willard gained a reputation as an effective orator and social reformer. She became associated in the evangelist movement with Dwight Moody and was elected second president of the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WTCU) in 1879. Her zeal sustained her fight for prohibition, and she expanded the organization's focus to include women's rights issues, such as suffrage. In 1888, she was one of the founders of the National Council of Women and became its first president. In 1891, she became president of the World’s WCTU, an extension of the national organization. Willard's health declined in the 1890s, affected by pernicious anemia. She died on February 17, 1898. Her statue was the first honoring a woman to be chosen for the National Statuary Hall Collection. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/frances-e-willard-statue
11. CAPNSH_130329_011.JPG: John Burke Statue The Basics Artist: Avard Fairbanks Materials: Bronze Year: 1963 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of John Burke was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by North Dakota in 1963. John Burke was born on February 25, 1859, in Sigourney, Iowa. He was educated in local schools and received his law degree from the University of Iowa in 1886. In 1888 he migrated to the Dakota Territory, where he worked as a harvest hand and schoolmaster. He began his law practice in his hotel room and helped publish the town newspaper. By 1889 he was a successful lawyer and was elected Rolette County judge. He later became state's attorney of Rolette County. Burke served in the North Dakota House of Representatives in 1891 and in the state Senate from 1893 to 1895. Nicknamed "Honest John," Burke was a man of unquestioned integrity. As governor from 1907 to 1913, his great accomplishment was ridding North Dakota of corrupt political control. He initiated many reforms, including regulation of lobbying, establishment of a tax commission, and laws providing for the first primary election. He supported legislation regarding child labor, juvenile courts, and an employment compensation commission. His concern for the public welfare was reflected in food and sanitation laws; a public health law; and regulation of medicine, surgery, and public utilities. In 1913, he was appointed treasurer of the United States by President Woodrow Wilson and served until 1921. He resumed law practice in Fargo. In 1924, he was elected a justice on the Supreme Court of North Dakota, serving as chief justice from 1929 to 1931 and from 1935 to 1937. He died on May 14, 1937. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/john-burke-statue
12. CAPNSH_130329_028.JPG: Rosa Parks Statue Rosa Parks' statue was unveiled in National Statuary Hall of the United States Capitol, approximately 100 years after her birth on February 4, 1913. The Basics Artist: Daub and Firmin Studios, LLC Materials: Bronze Year: 2013 Location: National Statuary Hall Rosa Louise McCauley was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913. She was raised on a farm, attended rural schools, then took some vocational and academic courses at the Industrial School for Girls in Montgomery before leaving to care for her grandmother and mother during their illnesses. In 1932, she married barber Raymond Parks, who was working with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 1933, she completed her high school studies. Ten years later, she joined the NAACP and was elected secretary. Her involvement with the organization heightened her awareness of the injustices imposed by Jim Crow laws in the former Confederate states, which mandated racial segregation in public facilities and retail establishments. On December 1, 1955, while riding a bus home from her job as a department-store seamstress, she refused to obey the driver's direction to move from her seat to make room for a newly boarded white passenger. She was arrested. On December 5, at her trial, she was found guilty of disorderly conduct and violating a local ordinance. That day was also the start of a bus boycott that would last more than a year and increase the prominence of many figures in the civil rights movement, including Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The boycott ended only after a separate Supreme Court decision held that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional. After her conviction, Parks was fired from her job and she and her husband sought work, first in Virginia and then in Michigan. She worked as a seamstress until 1965, then served as secretary and receptionist to U.S. Representative John Conyers until her retirement in 1988. She co-founded the Rosa L. Parks Scholarship Foundation in 1980 and the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development in 1987. She published her autobiography in 1992 and her memoirs in 1995. Rosa Parks remained an icon of the civil rights movement to the end of her life. In 1999, the United States Congress honored her with a Congressional Gold Medal. Following her death on October 24, 2005, she was accorded the rare tribute of having her remains lie in honor in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol in recognition of her contribution to advancing civil and human rights. The Statue Authorized by the Congress in 2005, the statue of Rosa Parks is historically significant as being the first full-length statue of an African American person in the U.S. Capitol. It is also the first statue commissioned by the Congress since 1873. It follows the bust of Martin Luther King Jr., also commissioned by the Congress, that was unveiled in 1986 and the bust of Sojourner Truth placed in 2009. Despite its location in the U.S. Capitol, the Rosa Parks statue is not a part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue depicts Rosa Parks wearing the same clothes she wore on the day she was arrested. Based on photographic research into what she was wearing the day on the bus, she is shown wearing a round brimless hat, glasses, a cloth coat over her dress, laced shoes and she holds the handle of her purse. She is seated on a rock-like formation of which she seems almost a part, symbolizing her famous refusal to give up her bus seat. Her upper body is slightly turned to the right. Her head is erect, her back is straight and both her hands and her ankles are crossed; this posture, along with the expression on her face, suggests inner strength, dignity, resolve and determination, all characteristic of her long-time commitment to working for civil rights. The statue is close to nine feet tall including its pedestal. The bronze statue weighs 600 pounds and the granite pedestal, partially hollowed out inside, weighs 2,100 pounds. The pedestal is made of Raven Black granite and inscribed simply with her name and life dates, "Rosa Parks/1913–2005." The Sculptor and Designer A national competition was managed by the National Endowment for the Arts in partnership with the Architect of the Capitol to select the statue's design. Artists' proposals were reviewed by a panel of experts and judged on artistic excellence and artistic merit. Ten semifinalists were selected by the panel to produce a maquette, or small-scale model, of the proposed sculpture. Several entries were then selected by the panel for the review and final selection by the Joint Committee on the Library. The commission was awarded in November 2009, to Daub and Firmin Studios, LLC, which is based in Kensington, and San Pedro, California. Eugene E. Daub, a sculptor with more than 30 years of experience, was the master artist and sculptor. He studied at the University of Pittsburgh, the Pennsylvania Academy for the Fine Arts, and Alfred University in New York. He is a Fellow of the National Sculpture Society. Dr. Rob Firmin, partner at Daub and Firmin Studios, provided research for this project and worked with Daub on the concept and design of the statue. Dr. Firmin, earned degrees in history and art history, an MBA from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Partnering with Eugene Daub since 2005, he has contributed to 40 public art sculptures in addition to his own work. Together they created a unique design for the statue of Rosa Parks that captures her dignity, determination and resolve. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/rosa-parks-statue
13. CAPNSH_130329_046.JPG: Car of History Clock The marble Car of History by Carlo Franzoni is located above the north door to National Statuary Hall (the Old Hall of the House of Representatives). The Basics Artist: Marble by Carlo Franzoni; Clock works by Simon Willard. Materials: Marble Year: 1819 Location: National Statuary Hall Clio, the Greek Muse of History, is depicted standing in her winged chariot, or car. The car is traveling from west to east and her body is facing south, with her left foot resting on the edge of the car; her head is turned to look over her right shoulder, observing the events of the past. Her left hand holds a book (the modern version of the scroll or tablet with which she was depicted in classical times). Her right hand rests upon the book, and the position of her fingers suggests that at some time she held a pen; several early books and articles specifically refer to her holding one, but no photographs have been found that show it, and its loss or removal does not appear to have been documented. On the front of the car is a winged Nike, the goddess of victory, who blows a trumpet of fame that she holds in her right hand; in her left she holds a palm branch, a symbol of victory or peace traditionally associated with her. A profile bust of George Washington appears on the side of the car below Clio's foot. The car's wheel is the face of a clock, with the black painted roman numerals set within a gilded band; it rests on a partial globe decorated with the zodiac signs Sagittarius, Aries and Aquarius (comprising the months that the Congress was in session but, surprisingly, out of sequence). The sculptor's inscription, "C. Franzoni Faciebat 1819," appears on the top edge of the car's side above the wheel and can be seen only from above. The statue was carved from at least five pieces of Carrara marble, chiseled separately and then joined together with iron bars covered in plaster. It stands about seven and a half feet tall, with Clio depicted at approximately human size. The brass and steel mechanism of the clock is housed in a wooden box at the rear of the sculpture and is signed "Simon Willard and Son." Samuel F. B. Morse's 1822 painting depicting the House of Representatives chamber shows a clock-face as part of the completed sculpture, but records indicate that the current Willard clock was installed around 1835. The Car of History was created by Carlo Franzoni, born into a family of sculptors in Cararra, Italy. His older brother, Giuseppe, was a sculptor who had come to the United States and worked at the Capitol until his untimely death, and in 1816 Carlo came to take his place at the government's request. Franzoni family lore maintains that the model for Clio was Carlo's niece (likely Giuseppe's daughter). Franzoni completed the Car of History shortly before his death from heart complications in May 1819. A design for the sculpture first appears in an August 1815 drawing by architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe. The drawing shows his proposal for rebuilding the former Hall of the House of Representatives, which was destroyed when British troops burned the Capitol in 1814 during the War of 1812. Latrobe's drawing of the sculpture differs from Franzoni's completed version in several ways: that car is traveling from east to west; Clio is seated rather than standing, with her left leg extended forward over the car’s wing; and she holds a mirror in addition to a pen. Latrobe may have been inspired by Empire mantel clocks, which also feature Roman-style chariots with clock face wheels and are often combined with mythological figures; however, Latrobe's creative solution of literally wedding time with history on a monumental scale appears to be unprecedented. The statue and the clock have both undergone periodic restoration, and conservation has consisted chiefly of removing grime and stains. Some small repairs and replacements have also been made to the clock mechanism. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/car-history-clock
14. CAPNSH_130329_055.JPG: Liberty and the Eagle Sculpture In the niche above the entablature on the south wall of National Statuary Hall stands the heroic-sized figure of Liberty. The Basics Artist: Enrico Causici Materials: Plaster Year: 1819 Dimensions: 13' 7" Location: National Statuary Hall An American eagle stands to Liberty's right, and the scroll in her right hand is the Constitution of the United States. To her left, a serpent, the symbol of wisdom, is entwined around a section of a column. Placed here between 1817-1819 when the U.S. Capitol was rebuilt after the fire of 1814, she originally looked down on the House of Representatives which met in the hall during that time. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/liberty-and-eagle-sculpture
15. CAPNSH_130329_067.JPG: Robert M. La Follette Statue The Basics Artist: Jo Davidson Materials: Marble Year: 1929 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Robert M. La Follette was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Wisconsin in 1929. Robert M. La Follette was born in Primrose, Wisconsin, on June 14, 1855. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1879, was admitted to the bar in 1880, was appointed district attorney of Dane County from 1880 to 1884, and served from 1885 to 1891 in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he supported the McKinley Tariff Bill. Losing re-election, La Follette returned to his law practice and concentrated on improving the political system in Wisconsin. Elected governor in 1900, he proposed and implemented his "Wisconsin Idea." This became an important element of the Progressive Movement; it included opposition to political bosses, employment of technical experts for public service, direct primary nomination, railroad regulation, and tax reform. He nominated himself to the United States Senate for the term beginning in March 1905 and was confirmed by the state senate, but he decided to remain as governor and left Wisconsin's U.S. Senate seat empty until 1906. He then took his seat in the Senate, where he served until his death. On the national level, La Follette worked for progressive reforms, including the direct election of senators. He championed the conservation movement and led the opposition to the Payne-Aldrich Tariff. In 1912 he lost the Progressive Party presidential nomination to Theodore Roosevelt. To make his progressive ideas better known he founded La Follette's Weekly Magazine in 1909 and the National Progressive Republican League in 1911. He opposed American involvement in World War I and President Wilson's foreign policy. He wrote the resolution authorizing the Senate investigation of the Teapot Dome scandal. In 1924, he ran unsuccessfully for president on the Progressive Party ticket. He died on June 18, 1925, in Washington, D.C. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/robert-m-la-follette-statue
16. CAPNSH_130329_088.JPG: Brigham Young
17. CAPNSH_130329_091.JPG: Lewis Cass
18. CAPNSH_130329_103.JPG: Alexander Hamilton Stephens Statue The Basics Artist: Gutzon Borglum Materials: Marble Year: 1927 Location: National Statuary Hall This statue of Alexander Hamilton Stephens was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by Georgia in 1927. Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born near Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, on February 11, 1812. Left orphaned and penniless at age 15, he attended school through the charity of friends and by working. In 1832 he graduated from the University of Georgia. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1834. He served in the state legislature from 1836 to 1842 and in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1858. Always in frail health, Stephens was nonetheless a dedicated statesman, an effective leader, and a powerful orator, always seeking moderation and peace. Abraham Lincoln, serving in Congress with Stephens, admired and befriended him; John Quincy Adams wrote a poem in his honor. Although opposed to secession and differing with Jefferson Davis over states' rights and nullification, Stephens served as the Confederacy's vice president. Lincoln's trust in Stephens led to the Hampton Roads Peace Conference, which was unsuccessful. At the close of the war, Stephens was arrested and imprisoned for five months at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. Elected to the U.S. Senate upon his release, he was refused a seat because Georgia had not been readmitted to the Union. He served again in the House of Representatives from 1873 to 1882. Elected governor of Georgia in 1882, he served for four months until his death on March 4, 1883. Throughout his life Stephens helped numerous deserving young men secure an education, and he was influential in the affairs of the Wesleyan, the first state chartered female college. Stephens is buried on his estate, "Liberty Hall," near Crawfordville, Georgia. The above was from https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/alexander-hamilton-stephens-statue
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2013 photos: Trips this year: three Civil War Trust conferences (Memphis, TN, Jackson, MS [to which I added a week to to visit sites in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Tennessee], and Richmond, VA), and my 8th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including sites in Nevada and California). Ego Strokes: Aviva Kempner used my photo of her as her author photo in Larry Ruttman's "American Jews & America's Game: Voices of a Growing Legacy in Baseball" book. Equipment this year: I mostly used my Fuji XS-1 camera but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000 and Nikon D600. Number of photos taken this year: just over 570,000.
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