Bruce Guthrie Photos: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (World War I Gallery)

VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (World War I Gallery) -- Notes:

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Description of Subject Matter: WORLD WAR I GALLERY

World War I dwarfed in size and horror any previous overseas war fought by the United States. Visitors "hear all about it" first-hand from a newsboy hawking his papers on a city street. His big news is that the U.S. Marines are now in the fight in a place called Belleau Wood. After a review of Marine battle tactics in the French countryside, visitors edge through a stand of trees and come up behind a German machine gunners' position. The Germans are dead, and the visitors are experiencing the full fury of the Marines charging across a field of wheat right at them, to include the smell of cordite and the whistle of bullets through the leaves overhead. That battle lasted three weeks and, in its first bloody day on 6 June 1918, eclipsed all the casualties the Marines had sustained in their first 143 years. It is a battle that every Marine recruit learns about in his early weeks at boot camp. In a nearby crater, surrounded by a ghostly woods, correspondent Floyd Gibbons can be found typing his report: "U.S. Marines smash Huns!"

Bringing in supplies and carrying out the wounded from the battle is a Model T truck, askew on the damaged road but still able to get to Marines in need. An 1897 French 75mm field gun sits alone in the decimated forest. At an oral history station guarded by an armed Marine who has just donned his gas mask, visitors hear Marines and corpsmen describe the hell they had just lived through. Peering through periscopes, visitors see beyond the trenches, while overhead a nimble and very responsive Thomas Morse S-4B aircraft scouts the area. The personal weapons, uniforms, accruements, and honors of those who fought on all sides are displayed throughout this busy gallery, including John A. Lejeune's M1911 pistol. The logistics of getting the "beans, bullets, and band aids" to the Marines in the field was another important story, represented by a fully restored Liberty truck on display near the exit. Their widely publicized ac ...More...
Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. MCMWW1_130210_013.JPG: 1stLt. Alfred A. Cunningham, the first Marine aviator, reported for duty at the Aviation Camp at Annapolis, MD, on 22 May 1912, a date now commemorated as the birthday of Marine Corps aviation.
2. MCMWW1_130210_022.JPG: Eugene Ely, a pilot for the Curtiss Exhibition Team, made the first flight from a ship on 14 November 1910. In January 1911, Ely also became the first pilot to land an airplane on a ship.
3. MCMWW1_130210_026.JPG: King Armored Car
4. MCMWW1_130210_076.JPG: Curtiss A-2
5. MCMWW1_130210_124.JPG: The first tanks used by Americans in battle during World War I were French-built Renault M1917s. By the end of the war, an American version was in production. By 1927, five of the M1917 tanks accompanied Marines to China.
6. MCMWW1_130210_130.JPG: The King Armored Car proved largely unsatisfactory, suffering from both a weak transmission and an underpowered engine. Despite that, five cars saw service in Haiti and the Dominican Republic during the 1920s.
7. MCMWW1_130210_134.JPG: The King Armored Car, seen here in a four-color hand-applied camouflage paint scheme, was tested by Marines of the 1st Armored Car Squadron at the Philadelphia Navy Yard.
8. MCMWW1_130210_164.JPG: 1917-1918: Marines in World War I: "Come on, you sons-of-bitches! Do you want to live forever?" -- Gunnery Sergeant Dan Daly, Belleau Wood World War dwarfed in size and horror any previous overseas war fought by the United States. By the time the first American forces -- including a brigade of Marines -- arrived in France, their British and French allies were exhausted from three years of grinding warfare against the Germans. The Marine brigade -- two infantry regiments and a machine gun battalion -- served alongside an Army brigade in the 2d Division, which entered action in June 1918 to stop a major German breakthrough aiming for Paris. The Marines fought the Germans at Belleau Wood, a three-week battle that eclipsed in its first bloody day all of the casualties the Marines had sustained in their first 143 years of existence. Hearing rumors after the battle that German soldiers referred to them as "teufelhunden" because of their battlefield prowess, Marines adopted "Devil Dogs" as a proud nickname.
9. MCMWW1_130210_179.JPG: Hand-to-Hand in Belleau Wood: "Not 20 feet from us was a line of about five light machine guns... It was hand-to-hand work for several strenuous minutes." -- Captain George W. Hamilton, 5th Marines, Belleau Wood Marines who survived devastating machine gun fire while charging through the wheat fields around Belleau Wood plunged into a hellish landscape, strewn with enemy positions protected by rocks and thickets. Under torrents of artillery fire and clouds of deadly gas, Marines grappled at hand-to-hand range with battle-tested German troops determined to hold their ground. Exhausted Americans, short on water and supplies, persevered and after three weeks won control of the battlefield.
10. MCMWW1_130210_186.JPG: The Marines Go To France: "The people... ran out & yelled 'The Americans are coming' ... Children were yelling 'Vive l'Amerique.' " -- Private JE Rendinell, 6th Marines, May 1918 More than 2,600 Marines sailed form New York for France on 14 June 1917, only 10 weeks after American entered the war. The first detachment landed at St. Nazaire on 27 June, the vanguard of a force that would number about 31,500 Marines by war's end. Through the bitter winter of 1917-1918, they guarded lines of supply and trained for combat in camp across the French countryside. From March to May 1918, a stint in the lines near blood-soaked Verdun introduced Marines to such unpleasant realities of trench warfare as poison gas attacks, mud, and lice.
11. MCMWW1_130210_197.JPG: Marines Mobilize for World War: "We were all young and knew the thrill that comes with high adventure. We had a war to win and a world to make safe for democracy." -- Private Elton E. Mackin, 5th Marines, 1918 After 140 years of service in small detachments, the Marines Corps underwent dramatic expansion during the World War. From a strength level of 10,397 in 1916, the Corps increased to 75,101 officer and men in 1918. The unprecedented seven-fold growth required new training camps, such as Parris Island in South Caroline and Quantico in Virginia, and prodigious feats of leadership and innovation. The Corps recruited tens of thousands of good men, training and equipped them, and found officers and non-commissioned officers to lead them. Nearly half of the Marines in service reached France by 1918, where, at a considerable cost, they carved out a timeless legacy.
12. MCMWW1_130210_202.JPG: The European War: "The world must be made safe for democracy." -- President Woodrow Wilson's war message to Congress, 2 April 1917 World War I erupted in August 1914. The initial fighting swept across Europe in a series of dynamic offensives, but soon the war bogged down into a three-year stalemate that produced unimaginable butchery. When the United States declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917, America's young men flocked to the colors. The arrival of the eager troops of the American Expeditionary Forces -- with Marines aboard the first convoy -- invigorated the western alliance and broke the stalemate. The war killed 8 million soldiers (50,000 of them Americans) and 6.6 million civilians and wounded another 21 million.
13. MCMWW1_130210_208.JPG: World War I divided most of Europe into "The Central Powers" (notably Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire) against "The Allies" (principally France, Belgium, the British Empire, and Russia). Ten million men in arms died.
14. MCMWW1_130210_215.JPG: Kaiser Wilhelm II was photographed with Field Marshall Paul von Hindenburg and Gen Erich Ludendorff, Germany's senior military leaders.
15. MCMWW1_130210_322.JPG: Through the winter of 1917-18, Marines of the American Expeditionary Forces were trained by French instructors in the harsh realities of trench warfare. They were photographed here wearing French M-2 gas masks.
16. MCMWW1_130210_327.JPG: Marines of the 4th Brigade stood with a captured German trench mortar. The minnenwerfer was originally designed for use by engineers to clear obstacles that long-range artillery could not accurately target.
17. MCMWW1_130210_331.JPG: Imperial German Gas Masks and Cases, circa 1917-1918: The horrors of gas warfare affected all nations. Combatants rushed to develop new countermeasures. Initially made of rubberized fabric, German gas masks were eventually made of inexpensive nonporous leathers, such as dog skin. These captured gas masks are typical of the two designs used in 1917-18.
18. MCMWW1_130210_339.JPG: World War I Officer's Whistle: During World War I, both commissioned and non-commissioned officers commonly utilized whistles to orchestrate tactical troop movements or to alert their troops to don their protective gas masks in the event of a chemical attack.
19. MCMWW1_130210_345.JPG: U.S. Gas Mask M1917: The US was unprepared for chemical warfare. After experimenting with several gas mask designs, they selected the British Small Box Respirator model. In action, the case was worn on the chest. The case held the mask and respirator, a desiccant cloth to clean the lenses, and instructions for use.
20. MCMWW1_130210_391.JPG: USMC Organizational Colors, 5th Regiment: In January 1917, the Marine Corps adopted a standard of blue silk and gold fringe for regimental colors. For a brief period following World War I, battle honors were placed directly on the flag, but this became impractical with multiple honors and limited space on the flag.
21. MCMWW1_130210_431.JPG: The Meuse-Argonne: "In a twinkling of the eye four years of killing and massacre stopped as if God... had cried, 'Enough!' " -- New York Times, describing the armistice, November 1918 By November 1918, the Allies could sense the pending victory, yet the Germans continued to contest every advance. The veteran 2d Division, with its Marine Brigade, attacked northeast through the densely wooded Argonne Forest for a week, but the Germans withdrew across the Meuse River and defending the high ground on the far side. On the night of 10 November, the 143d birthday of the Corps, the 5th Marines braved a hail of fire in a desperate crossing of the Meuse. The stunned survivors discovered the next morning that their valor had been wasted. The war was over.
22. MCMWW1_130210_435.JPG: USMC Organizational Colors, 6th Regiment: The Marine Corps activated the 6th Marines in July 1917 at Quantico, VA, and the regiment deployed by increments to France during 1917-1918. Assigned to the 4th Marine Brigade in the 2d Division, the regiment received the French Croix de Guerre three times, thereby authorizing the members of the 6th Marines to wear the fourragere award permanently on the left shoulder.
23. MCMWW1_130210_513.JPG: 2dLt Ralph Talbot became the first Marine pilot to be awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during bombing missions over Belgium on 8 and 11 October 1918. Talbot crashed and burned to death only days later.
24. MCMWW1_130210_571.JPG: 1917-1918: We, the Marines: Global Deployment: More than 40,000 Marines served their country during 1917-1919 without going to France. After their 1914 landing at Vera Cruz, Marines remained on duty protecting the US border with Mexico against violent incursions by revolutionist Pancho Villa. Marines also served in Central America and aboard 62 warships worldwide. Insignia: General Pershing's uniform regulations required the Marines to appear identical to the Army. Some Leathernecks rebelled by wearing USMC insignia on their helmets. When Assistant Navy Secretary Franklin Roosevelt visited the Marine Brigade after Belleau Wood and Soissons, he said Marines had earned the right to wear blackened USMC emblems on their collars. Total Strength: - Total Marines on 6 April 1917: 13,725 - Total Marines on 11 November 1918: 72,963 - Peak Active Duty Strength: 75,101 on 11 December 1918 - Marines on Duty in 1920: 17,047
Missing Some Bigger photos? Each new digital camera by default wants to take larger and larger photos. To save myself time and server space, I don't upload to the web site versons of photos that are bigger than 2.75 megabytes to the web page. If you want the biggest sized photo and you don't see a link bigger than 0640x0480, email Bruce Guthrie and I'll email specific photos to you.
Directly Related Pages: Other pages here that have content directly related to this one: [Display ALL photos]
- 2006_VA_MCM_WWI: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (World War I Gallery) (1 photos from 2006)
- 2010_VA_MCM_WWI: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (World War I Gallery) (77 photos from 2010)
Generally-Related Subject: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps
Generally-Related Subject Description: The National Museum of the Marine Corps is a lasting tribute to U.S. Marines -- past, present, and future. Situated on a 135-acre site adjacent to the Marine Corps base in Quantico, Virginia, the Museum's soaring design evokes the image of the flag-raisers of Iwo Jima and beckons visitors to its 118,000-square-foot structure. World-class interactive exhibits using the most innovative technology will surround visitors with irreplaceable artifacts and immerse them in the sights and sounds of Marines in action.

Collections of the National Museum of the Marine Corps:

The collections held in trust at the National Museum of the Marine Corps document over 230 years of Marine Corps history. The mission of the Museum is to collect and preserve in perpetuity, artifacts that reflect and chronicle the history of the Corps. The more than 60,000 uniforms, weapons, vehicles, medals, flags, aircraft, works of art and other artifacts in the Museum’s collections trace the history of the Marine Corps from 1775 to the present.

The Museum’s holdings, which range from combat aircraft to individual Civil War era blouse buttons, are divided into four broad categories: ordnance, uniforms and heraldry, aviation, and art. Some of the more unusual items in the care of the Museum include a coat worn by Marine Captain Levi Twiggs during his service in the Indian Wars, a presentation baton given to John Philip Sousa on his departure as director of the Marine Corps Band, and an Oscar awarded to the Marine Corps for the World War II documentary “Tarawa.” Perhaps the most symbolically important artifact in the Museum’s collection is the second American flag raised over Iwo Jima’s Mount Suribachi. Associated Press combat photographer Joe Rosenthal’s image of the raising of this flag became one of the most iconic images of World War II and the inspiration for the Marine Corps War Memorial in Washington, D.C.

The Museum collects artifacts selectively and responsively – accepting o ...More...
Generally-Related Subject Pages: Other pages here that have content somewhat related to this one:
- 2010_VA_MCM_Chapel: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (Chapel and area) (22 photos from 2010)
- 2006_VA_MCM_KWar: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (Korean War Gallery) (29 photos from 2006)
- 2007_VA_MCM_KWar: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (Korean War Gallery) (18 photos from 2007)
- 2010_VA_MCM_KWar: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (Korean War Gallery) (23 photos from 2010)
- 2013_02_10J_MCM_KWar: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (Korean War Gallery) (34 photos from 02/10/2013)
- 2006_VA_MCM_Misc: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (misc) (38 photos from 2006)
- 2007_VA_MCM_Misc: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (misc) (26 photos from 2007)
- 2010_VA_MCM_Misc: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (misc) (36 photos from 2010)
- 2013_02_10C_MCM_Misc: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (misc) (48 photos from 02/10/2013)
- 2006_VA_MCM_Atrium: VA -- Quantico -- National Museum of the Marine Corps (outside and Leatherneck Gallery) (57 photos from 2006)
- ...More (26 total)...
Same Subject: Click on this link to see coverage of items having the same subject: [Military] [Museums (History)]
2013 photos: So far, I'm mostly using my Fuji XS-1 camera but, depending on the event, I'm also using a Nikon D7000 and Nikon D600. Trips this year have been limited to a Civil War Trust conference in Memphis.
Photo Contact: Email Bruce Guthrie.