BGuthrie Photos: VA -- Newport News -- Mariner's Museum -- Chesapeake Bay Gallery

VA -- Newport News -- Mariner's Museum -- Chesapeake Bay Gallery:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. MARCHE_120922_019.JPG: "A Joviall Weed": From 1607 to 1776, the Chesapeake's imperial commerce was synonymous with tobacco. Although the tobacco trade had begun to decline by the Revolution, its value still outweighed that of other Bay exports. Once dried, tobacco was packed or "prized" in large casks called "hogsheads." Thousands of hogsheads of the leaf left the Chesapeake annually in the holds of tobacco ships bound for England. The Bay colonies also exported smaller amounts of wheat, flour, naval stores, pig iron and ships at this time. The great economic engine which moved the Chesapeake, however, was the tobacco culture. Although local tobacco planters grew only two species of tobacco (oronoco and sweet scented), each planter's crop varied in quality from others'. Combined with the degree of access to shipping and speed of delivery to England, this could and did affect the final selling price. The tobacco trade spelled major profits for London or Glasgow merchants, for the English Treasury and for factors (merchants' representatives) in the Chesapeake. How much profit the planters, large or small, made, if any, is not clear; for they lived on the credit merchants extended them, often mortgaging their futures and those of their children. As the American Revolution approached, however, many planters began to shift their staple crop to grain. Tobacco cultivation required year-round, intensive labor. In the seventeenth century, fields were worked by planters and their indentured servants, immigrants who sold several years of their labor for passage to the New World. As immigration declined at the end of the seventeenth century, Chesapeake planters turned to a different labor pool -- slaves imported from Africa who had been "seasoned" in the West Indies. Thus the vital tobacco trade, long the Bay's economic foundation, relied heavily on maritime enterprise for exporting the crop, importing needed manufacturing goods and supplying its insatiable demand for labor.
2. MARCHE_120922_024.JPG: Piracy in Virginia: Though few artifacts survive, stories of piracy may be found throughout Virginia's early court records and other documents. Indeed, as early as 1609, during the "starving time" at the settlement of Jamestown, George Percy recorded an act of piracy in which a group of colonists took the ship Swallow and left the settlement. In 1665, Governor William Berkeley of Virginia noted in the Minutes of the Council and General Court of Colonial Virginia that the area was "so full of pirates that it is impossible for any ships to go home safely." The wide opening of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries made it difficult for settlements to defend themselves against piracy. Under authority of the king or governor, privateers often assisted in patrolling the waters, and some turned to piracy themselves. If there was a fear of attack by pirates, ships would assemble at a designated location and travel as a fleet with guardships to a safe distance away from the Capes where the pirates often hid. In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, it became common practice to trade with pirates to aquire [sic] some of the finer goods that were otherwise not available. Known pirates would frequent taverns and trade or carry debts on "account" with merchants in the area. Three Pirates, a Clergyman, a King, and a Queen: In June 1688, Captain Simon Rowe of HMS Dumbarton found three men -- Lionel Delawafer, Edward Davis, and John Hinson -- leaving the mouth of the James River in a small boat with a chest containing a large amount of precious metals, money, and goods. Thinking the men might be pirates, he had them held in the James City jail for a year. After finally admitting they were privateers, the three were pardoned and released on guarantee of good behavior. They left Virginia in 1690 when most of their booty was sent to England. Over the course of several years, the men petitioned the government for return of their possessions. On March 10, 1692, King William III ordered that the pirates' property be returned to them, "except for 300 pounds to be devoted to the building of a college in Virginia, or to such other charitable objects as the King shall direct." The founder of the College of William and Mary, Reverend James Blair, may have assisted in getting the pirates' booty returned on the condition that they become benefactors of the school. In the first accounts of the college it is noted that the "sum of three hundred pounds was received from the pyrates, Davis, Delawafer, and Hinson."
3. MARCHE_120922_028.JPG: The Legend of Blackbeard: Everything about Blackbeard's life lends itself to legend. He was bold, brazenly blockading the crucial port at Charleston, South Carolina. He was bawdy, rumored to have had some fourteen wives, one waiting in each port. And he was colorful, said to enjoy a drink of rum and gunpowder during more than one tavern drinking bout. Blackbeard's death spawned even more legends. Some tell of his headless ghost wandering the shores at night. Some speak of his immense treasure that has yet to be discovered. And still others talk of his silver-plated skull being used as a drinking cup by those who might dare. Although Blackbeard has been dead for nearly three centuries, he is very much alive in our imaginations. Edward Teach -- or the fearsome Blackbeard, as he was more better known -- hailed from Bristol, England. Although he was a pirate for more than two years, he remains one of the most infamous figures from the Golden Age of Piracy. In 1718, Blackbeard sailed into South Carolina's Charleston Harbor with a flotilla of ships. He blockaded the harbor, took hostages, and demanded a ransom. After plundering several ships, he gained his ransom and sailed to his base near Bath, North Carolina, where the townspeople and government welcomed trade with pirates. In spite of the hospitality offered by the townspeople of Bath, Blackbeard proceeded to terrify the locals, and his men began plundering any ship that came near. His strong-arm tactics infuriated local merchants who prevailed upon the Governor of neighboring Virginia to commission a naval expedition to track Blackbeard down at his new stronghold in the Ocracoke Inlet. In November 1718, two naval sloops commanded by Lieutenant Robert Maynard of HMS Pearl cornered Blackbeard of Ocracoke Inlet. In the fierce battle that ensued, Maynard engaged Blackbeard in a hand-to-hand fight. The pirate sustained five gunshot wounds and twenty cutlass wounds before dying when his throat was slit. Maynard cut off Blackbeard's head as a trophy of the battle, hung it from the bowsprit of his vessel, and returned to Virginia. The gruesome prize was later mounted on a pole and displayed where Virginia's James and Hampton rivers converge as a warning to potential pirates.
4. MARCHE_120922_032.JPG: Leg Irons
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Wikipedia Description: Mariners' Museum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Mariners' Museum is located in Newport News, Virginia. It is one of the largest maritime museums in the world as well as being the largest in North America.

History

The museum was founded in 1932 by Archer Milton Huntington, son of Collis P. Huntington, a railroad builder who brought the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway to Warwick County, Virginia, and who founded the City of Newport News, its coal export facilities, and Newport News Shipbuilding in the late 19th century.

Archer and his wife, the sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington, acquired 800 acres (3.2 km�) of land that would come to hold 61,000 square feet (5,700 m�) of exhibition galleries, a research library, a 167 acre (676,000 m�) lake, a five mile (8 km) shoreline trail with fourteen bridges, and over 35,000 maritime artifacts from around the globe. After acquisition took place, the first two years were devoted to creating and improving a natural park and constructing a dam to create Lake Maury, named after the nineteenth-century Virginia oceanographer Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury.

Artifacts, paintings, models

The museum’s collection totals approximately 32,000 artifacts equally divided between works of art and three-dimensional objects. The scope of the collection is international and includes miniature ship models, scrimshaw, maritime paintings, decorative arts, carved figureheads, working steam engines, and the world's only known existing Kratz-built steam calliope. The museum holds important collections of paintings and drawings by marine artists James Bard and Antonio Jacobsen. The museum offers educational programs for all ages, a large research library and archives, as well as publications and Internet resources for teachers.

USS Monitor Center

The Mariners' Museum is home to the USS Monitor Center. In 1973, the wreck of the ironclad USS Monitor, made famous in the Battle of Hampton Roads in 1862 during the American Civil War was located on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean about 16 miles southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The wreck site was designated as the United States' first national marine sanctuary. Monitor Sanctuary is the only one of the thirteen national marine sanctuaries created to protect a cultural resource, rather than a natural resource.

The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is now under the supervision of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Many artifacts from Monitor, including her innovative turret, propeller, anchor, engine and some personal effects of the crew, have been brought to the museum. For several years, they were conserved in special tanks to stabilize the metal. The new USS Monitor Center officially opened on March 9, 2007, and a full-scale replica of the Monitor, the original recovered turret, and many artifacts and related items are now on display. Current efforts are focused on restoring the engine.
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