MD -- Rockville -- Montgomery County Court House:
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- ROCKC_121225_05.JPG: Montgomery County
1891 Red Brick Courthouse
Montgomery County's third courthouse. Built in 1891 the "Old Red Brick Courthouse" has become the symbol and architectural monument of old Rockville. Designated a historic building on July 19, 1965 by the Montgomery County Historical Society, Inc.
- ROCKC_121225_08.JPG: Lost Rockville -- 1801 to 1850:
Montgomery County Court House
There have been four court houses in Rockville since it was established as the County seat in 1776. Court was originally held at Hungerford Tavern. A frame court house existed in the late 18th century but was sufficiently outgrown by 1810 to necessitate a new building for the Clerk and his records.
In 1835, the County petitioned the General Assembly for authorization of a new brick court house, which was completed in 1840. By that time, Rockville was an established residential, governmental, and market hub with a population of nearly 400. The original single-story wings of the court house were raised in 1872 to provide more space. One year later, however, the Metropolitan Branch of the B&O Railroad opened. Population and court house business increased significantly, and the court house building was again outgrown. It was demolished in 1890.
The General Assembly authorized another bond issue for the replacement brick and sandstone Romanesque Revival court house which was constructed in 1890-91 and which stands here today.
Montgomery County's growth continued, and the grey Neoclassical style court house was constructed and connected to the 1891 court house in 1931.
- ROCKC_121225_20.JPG: Rockville
General J.E.B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry occupied Rockville June 28, 1863, and captured 150 U.S. wagons along the Washington Road. From here they marched to Gettysburg. In July, 1864, General Jubal Early passed through Rockville on his way to and from Washington.
- ROCKC_121225_37.JPG: Gettysburg Campaign
Invasion & Retreat
After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington defenses in pursuit. The Federals collided with Lee's Army of Northern Virginia at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on July 1, starting a battle neither side had intended to fight there. Three days later, the defeated Confederates began retreating through Maryland, retracing their steps to the Potomac River and crossing into Virginia on July 14.
To follow in their footsteps and to discover their stories, stop by any Welcome Center or local Visitor Center to pick up a Gettysburg: Invasion & Retreat Civil War Trail map-guide. Please drive carefully as you enjoy the history and beauty of Maryland Civil War Trails.
- ROCKC_121225_40.JPG: Court House Square
"Burning with Enthusiasm"
-- Gettysburg Campaign --
Confederate Gen. J.E.B. Stuart and an estimated 5,000 cavalrymen arrived in Rockville, the Montgomery County seat, on June 28, 1863, to a boisterous reception. One soldier described "a spectacle which was truly pleasing . . . It was Sunday, and the beautiful girls [from the Female Seminary] in their fresh gaily colored dresses, low necks, bare arms, and wildernesses of braids and curls, were . . . burning with enthusiasm to welcome the Southerner, waving handkerchiefs and soliciting uniform buttons as favors." Pro-Southern citizens like George Peter called for fair treatment of townspeople arrested by Stuart. Union supporters likewise defended their "Seccesh" neighbors when periodically arrested by Federal forces. Although divided by political loyalties, Rockvillians were united by community.
Prisoners were interned at the courthouse throughout the day. When Stuart left that evening for Brookville via the Baltimore Road, he had an estimated 400 prisoners, including Rockville residents, 150 U.S. Colored Troops with their white officers from Edwards Ferry, and blacks from surrounding farms. (Stuart usually marched prisoners a sufficient distance to prevent them from providing intelligence to the Federals, then paroled them.) He also had $40,000 in soldiers' wages liberated from the U.S. Quartermaster's store, 900 mules, and 125 wagons full of supplies including oats for horses and whiskey for troopers. The seemingly good fortune of abundant captured supplies soon became an impediment as slowly marching prisoners and reticent Union teamsters slowed Stuart's advance.
- ROCKC_121225_44.JPG: To commemorate the encampment in Maryland of
Maj. Gen. Edward Braddock and his men
at Owen's Ordinary, now Rockville, April 20, 1755. This stone is placed by the Janet Montgomery Chapter, Daughters of he American Revolution, Mrs. Morris L. Croxall, Regent, July 9, 1913.
- ROCKC_121225_56.JPG: As another day approaches,
I pray for my neighbors.
To live in freedom's light,
In peace with one another.
Though stumbling on occasion,
Unified, we endure
For We the People
are the future;
We are Rockville.
Richard Whitfield
- ROCKC_121225_58.JPG: Rockville's African American Heritage Walking Tour Site #1
Red Brick Courthouse
29 Courthouse Square
After the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln and Congress created the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands to aid newly freed African Americans. By the time it closed in 1872, the Bureau had provided assistance to four million former slaves making the transition from slavery to freedom, including those in Rockville.
The county courthouse was the site of an 1866 case brought to the court by Rockville's Freedman's Bureau to recover money stolen from Rockville's African American community. In 1858 African American freedmen and slaves raised money through subscriptions to construct a church.
The money was entrusted to J. Mortimer Kilgour, who joined the Confederate Army in 1861 and never returned to Rockville. The Freedmen's Bureau assisted Daniel Brogdon and Solomon Williams in accusing Kilgour of theft. The Bureau tracked down Mr. Kilgour and returned the money to the Rockville Colored School Board in 1867.
- ROCKC_121225_62.JPG: Rockville's African American Heritage Walking Tour Site #2
Gibbs v. Broome, et al/1931 Courthouse
27 Courthouse Square
Should you receive the same pay for doing the same work? William B. Gibbs, teacher and principal of the Rockville Colored Elementary School, thought so, but he had to take the issue to court.
African American teachers had to meet the same qualifications as their White peers but received only half the salary. Gibbs petitioned the Board of Education for equal pay, but the Board denied his petition. Gibbs filed a suit in Montgomery County Circuit Court in 1936.
NAACP attorneys Thurgood Marshall (who later became the nation's first African American Supreme Court Justice) and Charles Houston (then Vice Dean of Howard University Law School) represented Mr. Gibbs. County School Superintendent Edwin Boome settled out of court, phasing in equal pay over a two-year period. The year after the case was filed, William Gibbs was fired from the Montgomery County School System.
- ROCKC_121225_76.JPG: Dedicated to the memory of
Joe Steinberg
"Mr. Rockville"
born, raised, lived his lifetime in Rockville as merchant and real estate broker, who gave love, devotion and great humor to his beloved courthouse and community.
With love from his family
- ROCKC_121225_80.JPG: 1788 1988
Montgomery County commemorates Maryland's ratification of the Constitution
April 28, 1988
- Wikipedia Description: Montgomery County Courthouse (Ohio)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Montgomery County Courthouse (MCC), built in 1847, is an historic Greek Revival building located on the northwest corner of 3rd and Main streets in Dayton, Ohio. It is referred to locally as the Old Courthouse.
The design of the MCC was modeled on the 5th century BC Temple of Hephaestus in Athens.
On January 26, 1970, the MCC was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
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