BGuthrie Photos: Jamaica -- Falmouth

Jamaica -- Falmouth:

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Same Event: Wait! There's more! Because I took too many pictures, photos from this event were divided among the following pages: [Display ALL photos on one page]:

2012_CYM_Botanical: Cayman Islands -- Botanical Gardens (61 photos from 2012)
2012_CYM_George_Town: Cayman Islands -- George Town (39 photos from 2012)
2012_CYM_Cayman: Cayman Islands -- Miscellaneous (24 photos from 2012)
2012_CYM_Pedro: Cayman Islands -- Pedro St. James (79 photos from 2012)
2012_CYM_Reef_Wreck: Cayman Islands -- Reef and Wreck Snorkel (28 photos from 2012)
2012_CYM_Stingray_Ride: Cayman Islands -- Sailing out to Stringray City (21 photos from 2012)
2012_CYM_Stingray: Cayman Islands -- Stingray City (57 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_ReunionInt: Family -- Family Photos During Mom's Caribbean Cruise Family Reunion (47 photos from 2012)
2012_FL_Canaveral: FL -- Port Canaveral (views from the ship) (20 photos from 2012)
2012_HTI_Labadee: Haiti -- Labadee (127 photos from 2012)
2012_HTI_Labadee_Zip: Haiti -- Labadee Zip Line (18 photos from 2012)
2012_Jam_Dunns: Jamaica -- Dunns River Falls (32 photos from 2012)
2012_Jam_Jamaica: Jamaica -- Excursion driving along northern Queen's Highway route (23 photos from 2012)
2012_Jam_Falmouth: Jamaica -- Falmouth (67 photos from 2012)
2012_Jam_Grotto: Jamaica -- Green Grotto Caves (74 photos from 2012)
2012_MEX_Alux: Mexico -- Alux Unique Natural Cavern Restaurant (39 photos from 2012)
2012_MEX_Coba: Mexico -- Coba Ruins (113 photos from 2012)
2012_MEX_Cozumel: Mexico -- Cozumel (12 photos from 2012)
2012_MEX_Mexico: Mexico -- Miscellaneous photos to/from Coba ruins (14 photos from 2012)
2012_MEX_Puerto_De_Playa: Mexico -- Puerto De Playa Del Carmen (14 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Backstage: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Arcadia: Backstage Tour (61 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Rehearsal: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Arcadia: Rehearsal for Artur & Letitia (10 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Cruise_Art: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Artwork (144 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Deck_Shows: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Deck Shows (46 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Freedom_Ice: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Ice Show: Freedom-Ice.com (106 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Cruise_People: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- People (58 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Parade: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Promenade Show: Parade (44 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Rock_Britannia: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Promenade Show: Rock Britannia (100 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Cruise_Art_Demo: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Promenade: Napkin, Towel, and Fruit sculptors (75 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Cruise: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Ship (193 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Farewell: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Stage Show: Farewell Extravaganza (139 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Adult: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Stage Show: Late Night Adult Comedy w/Graham Seymour (38 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Marquee: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Stage Show: Marquee (53 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Drew_Thomas: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Stage Show: Now You See It w/Drew Thomas (78 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Once_Upon: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Stage Show: Once Upon a Time (87 photos from 2012)
2012_INT_Boland: Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship "Freedom of the Seas" -- Stage Show: Paul Boland, The Man of a Thousand Voices (97 photos from 2012)

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. FALMOU_120627_171.JPG: Arrival of Columbus' First Ship: Christopher Columbus first landed on the island of Jamaica during his second voyage on May 5, 1494. As he sailed into the harbour of St. Ann's Bay, on the northern coast, a fleet of about seventy canoes, filled with Tainos, came out to meet him. In July 1494, after exploring present-day Cuba, Columbus sailed around Jamaica's southern coast. Columbus returned to Jamaica during his fourth voyage in 1503, where he spent almost a year waiting on ship repairs from Spaniards in Hispanioia. Stranded near what would become the settlement of New Seville in St. Ann's Parish, Columbus and his crew relied on the Tainos for provisions.
2. FALMOU_120627_174.JPG: Henry Morgan, Governor of Jamaica: After a century of harassing the Spanish colony in Jamaica as buccaneers, the English finally conquered Jamaica from the Spanish in 1655 and erradicated [sic] the last Spanish from Ocho Rios in 1658. Sir Thomas Modyford governed between 1664 and 1671 and encouraged English settlement in Jamaica by issuing generous land patents for agriculture. Modyford elevated Henry Morgan, a young, bold Welsh pirate to be the commanding privateer to protect the new colony from the Spanish. In 1668, Morgan as a Vice Admiral commanding 15 ships, had struck terror in the Spanish Main (Central America) winning battles and stealing gold from the Spanish in raids at Porto Bello, Panama, and Maracaibo, Venezuela. In 1670 he took 2000 pirates across the isthmus to Panama City and captured 100,000 pounds worth of silver. Morgan was a wealthy man! King Charles II rewarded his success appointing Sir Morgan Governor of Jamaica. Sir Morgan ruled over infamous Port Royal, became a sugar planter, married, became gentrified and tried to outlaw piracy in Jamaica!
3. FALMOU_120627_177.JPG: History of Jamaica: Originally inhabited by the Tainos, the Spanish were the first Europeans to settle in Jamaica. Until they were supplanted by the English in 1655. By the start of the eighteenth century, sugar cultivation had became [sic] Jamaica's primary industry and export, resulting in the importation of many thousands of Africans to work in the sugar plantations. Jamaica's slaves won emancipation in 1834, although people were not fully free until the end of the apprenticeship period in 1838. A colony of Britain until 1962, Jamaica has since operated as an independent nation, its government centered in Kingston on the south coast.
4. FALMOU_120627_180.JPG: Slavery: Sugar Cane Harvest: Slavery is indivisible from the story of Jamaica's history. The first Spanish settlers tried to enslave the indigenous Taino population. As the Tainos died, the Spanish imported Africans to perform manual and field labor, a practice continued by the English after their arrival in 1655. The slave population exploded in the eighteenth century, as sugar cultivation became Jamaica's primary economic engine. Labor conditions were fierce and mortality, rates were high despite planters' forceful attempts at control. Jamaican slaves often rebelled against their masters, from small acts of individual resistance to large, organized uprisings involving hundreds of slaves. Significant loss of life and property damage, which required British militia units to suppress.
5. FALMOU_120627_182.JPG: History of Falmouth: Originally founded in 1769, Falmouth grew through the end of the eighteenth century to be the major port and the seat for the parish of Trelawny, one of the most productive sugar parishes in Jamaica. Historically dominated by merchants and traders, Falmouth was important in Jamaican slaves' struggle for emancipation. Falmouth has remained a commercial center in the nineteetnth and twentieth centuries, the site of a weekly market that draws shoppers and vendors from surrounding areas. The remarkable density of historic buildings remaining in Falmouth, many of which local residents have lived in and maintained, is a testimony to the town's rich heritage.
6. FALMOU_120627_185.JPG: Barrett Family: First arriving in Jamaica from England in the seventeenth century, the Barrett family were wealthy plantation owners who owned much of the land on which Falmouth developed. Edward Barrett subdivided land into lots and developed a large wharf in Falmouth Harbour, used for loading sugar onto ships bound for England, in the 1770s and 1780s Some of the historic lot boundaries remain visible today. At his death in 1799, he bequeathed his Falmouth property holdings to his grandson, Samuel Barrett Moulton Barrett, who further developed Falmouth into the 1830s and 1840s. An aside, the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning was a cousin of the Barretts of Jamaica.
7. FALMOU_120627_188.JPG: John Tharp: An extremely wealthy planter, John Tharpe [sic] constructed a private wharf in Falmouth Harbour to manage sugar exports and material and slave imports for his plantation empire at Good Hope, a few miles south of Falmouth on the Martha Brae River. Like many wealthy sugar planters in the late eighteenth century, Tharp tried to manage his properties while living in England; unlike most, Tharp returned to Jamaica permanently in the 1790s to manage his properties in person. After his return, Tharp was active in local and parish politics and was a significant benefactor to St. Peter's Anglican Church.
8. FALMOU_120627_191.JPG: Good Hope Plantation: The largest sugar plantation in Jamaica in 1800, Good Hope was the property of John Tharp, a wealthy planter and merchant. To create his vast estate, Tharp purchased neighboring estates, including Wales, Pantrepant, Unity, and Fontabelle, among others, accumulating thousands of acres and approximately 2500 slaves. Good Hope was about eight miles south of Falmouth on the Martha Brae River. Today, the great house is beautifully restored, the outbuildings of kitchens, warehouses, sugar house remain intact, while ruins of the aqueduct and other sugar processing infrastructure show the vast scope of a large sugar plantation.
9. FALMOU_120627_194.JPG: Historic Preservation: The history of Falmouth is well preserved through the high density of historic buildings that remain in town. From large merchant store/houses to small, board houses, churches, shops, the courthouse, and Fort Balcarres, residents of Falmouth continue to live, work, worship, and socialize in historic buildings. Falmouth Heritage Renewal (FHR) has an apprenticeship program that trains Jamaicans in historic masonry and carpentry skills; their work can be identified all over town. The University of Virginia (UVa) runs a program in Falmouth, training students to measure and make architectural drawings of historic buildings. Falmouth exemplifies the best of historic preservation by offering opportunities for education in a dynamic environment. To make a donation to FHR, please visit www.falmouthjamaica.org/ . To get information about UVa's Falmouth Field School in Historic Preservation please visit www.arch.virginia.edu/falmouth/site/home.html
10. FALMOU_120627_197.JPG: Free Black Society: Since the early eighteenth century, Jamaica has had a significant population of free people of color, both blacks and mulattos, which were racial as well as political distinctions in pre-Emancipation culture. During that period and through the 19th century, free people of color typically lived in urban areas and, though the majority was poor, some individuals amassed considerable fortunes, becoming plantation and slave owners themselves. Generally, free people of color occupied an ambiguous position in Jamaica; unaccepted by white society, but wishing to distance themselves from blacks. Falmouth had a large free people of color population; some purchased property and built houses that survive to the present. However, in Falmouth, a more cosmopolitan environment, free people of color lived in integrated neighborhoods with white merchants and artisans.
11. FALMOU_120627_200.JPG: Jamaica Maroons: Jamaica's mountainous center has always been a difficult region to travel through, control, or regulate. Since the English conquest of 1655, the mountains offered refuge to runaway slaves or Maroons, who were able to establish stable communities in regions the English considered inpenetrable. The Maroons engaged the English militia in open warfare on several occasions in the eighteenth century; the first in the 1730s, which saw Maroon communities shift from the eastern mountains to the Cockpit Country in the west. The English offered the Maroons a treaty in 1739 that gave liberty and qualified autonomy in their region. Skirmishes between the English militia and Maroon communities in Trelawny reignited in the 1790s, resulting in a mass deportation of Maroons to Nova Scotia.
12. FALMOU_120627_203.JPG: William Knibb and Emancipation: A Baptist missionary from England, William Knibb, and his wife Mary Watkins Knibb, were two of the most important figures in Jamaican Emancipation. They came to Jamaica in 1824, and moved to Falmouth to lead the Baptist Church in 1830. Baptist ministers were strong abolitionists with a mission to educate slaves; many slaves joined the Baptist Church. Knibb went to England in 1832 to advocate for abolition, returning to Jamaica after Emancipation in 1834. A religious revival, the Jamaican Awakening, followed between 1838 and 1845, during which 22,000 former slaves were baptized, 47 new chapels built, and the Baptist Church in Falmouth grew from 650 to 1,280 members.
13. FALMOU_120627_206.JPG: From British Colony to Independence: Jamaica's quest for self-government began in earnest with Norman W. Manley establishing the People's National Party in 1938 and Alexander Bustamente founding the Jamaica Labour Party in 1943. A new constitution in 1944 established a House of Representatives, popularly elected, to share power with the Governor. In 1957, Jamaica became fully selfgoverned [sic], all internal affairs handled by an Executive Council, and led by a premier. The following year, 1958, Jamaica joined the West Indies Federation, which included all of the British Islands in the Caribbean, which did not last long, disbanding in May 1962. Jamaica requested, and was granted, independence from England, effective August 6, 1962.
14. FALMOU_120627_210.JPG: Usain Bolt: Continuing a tradition of Jamaican success in international track and field that stretches back to the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, Usain Bolt dominated the 2008 Beijing Games, winning three gold medals. A phenomenal success, Bolt is a native of Trelawny Parish and grew up not far from the town of Falmouth. An alumnus of William Knibb High School, located between Falmouth and Martha Brae, Usain Bolt still has family in the parish. Between international races and his practice regimen, he is a frequent visitor to the area.
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Same Subject: Click on this link to see coverage of items having the same subject: [Structures]
2012 photos: Equipment this year: My mainstays were the Fuji S100fs, Nikon D7000, and the new Fuji X-S1. I also used an underwater Fuji XP50 and a Nikon D600. The first three cameras all broke this year and had to be repaired. Trips this year: three Civil War Trust conferences (Shepherdstown, WV, Richmond, VA, and Williamsburg, VA), a week-long family reunion cruise of the Caribbean, another week-long family reunion in the Wisconsin Dells (with lots of in-transit time in Ohio and Indiana), and my 7th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including side trips to Zion, Bryce, the Grand Canyon, etc). Ego strokes: I had a picture of Miss DC, Ashley Boalch, published in the Washington Post. I had a photograph of the George Segal San Francisco Holocaust memorial used as the cover of Quebec Francais (issue 165). Not being able to read French, I'm not entirely sure what the article is about but, hey! And I guess what could be considered to be a positive thing, my site is now established enough that spammers have noticed it and I had to block 17,000 file description postings for Viagra and whatever else.. Number of photos taken this year: just below 410,000.
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