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![A Solution to Slavery?
Jefferson Proposes -- Colonization
Jefferson, along with many other Americans, combined plans for emancipation with colonization -- moving freed slaves outside the US. "I have seen no proposition so expedient ... as that of emancipation of those [slaves] born after a given date, and of their education and expatriation at a proper age," Jefferson wrote in 1814. He eventually decided that Africa was the best destination.](/Graphlib/GraphData12.nsf/Images/2012_DC_SIAH_Monticello_0160/$File/MONTI_120212_044.JPG) |
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![Headstone for Priscilla Hemmings (ca 1776-1830), carved by John Hemmings.
Thesed
is placed at the head
of my dear affectionat[e]
wife Priscilla Hemmings
Departed this life on Fri
day the 7th of May 1830 eag 54
Priscilla Hemmings (ca 1776-1830) was a nursemaid to Jefferson's grandchildren and a favorite of the family. She and her husband, John Hemmings, lived several miles apart until 1809, when her owners, Jefferson's daughter and son-in-law, moved to Monticello. This headstone was found on the Monticello grounds in the 1960s. The site of her grave, likely an undiscovered graveyard on the Monticello plantation, is not known.](/Graphlib/GraphData12.nsf/Images/2012_DC_SIAH_Monticello_0160/$File/MONTI_120212_260.JPG) |
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![The Hemings Family
As many as 70 members of the Hemings family lived in slavery at Monticello over five generations. Elizabeth Hemings and her children arrived at Monticello around 1774 as part of Jefferson's inheritance from his father-in-law, John Wayles, who was likely the father of six of the children. Members of the family eventually occupied the most important positions in Monticello's labor force. They helped build the Monticello house, ran the household, made furniture, cooked Jefferson's meals, cared for his children and grandchildren, attended him in his final moments, and dug his grave. Elizabeth's daughter Sally Hemings was likely the mother of four of his children. The nine people Jefferson freed in his lifetime and will were all members of the Hemings family.
Sally Hemings
Sally Hemings (1773-1835) -- daughter of Elizabeth Hemings and (probably) Jefferson's father-in-law, John Wayles -- came to Monticello with her mother and siblings in the mid-1770s. At age 14 she accompanied Jefferson's daughter Mary to Paris as a lady's maid. Hemings's son recalled that her later duties at Monticello were "to take care of [Jefferson's] Chamber and wardrobe, look after us children, and do light work such as sewing, etc."
Her name has been linked with Jefferson's since 1802 when a newspaper reported that Jefferson kept a "concubine" named Sally. Their relationship has been the subject of debate ever since. Documentary and genetic evidence leads most historians now to believe that, years after his wife's death, Thomas Jefferson fathered Sally Hemings's children. Her two older children, Beverly and Harriet, were allowed to leave Monticello in 1822, and the younger two, Madison and Eston, were freed in Jefferson's will. After Jefferson's death, Sally Hemings lived out her life in unofficial freedom in Charlottesville.](/Graphlib/GraphData12.nsf/Images/2012_DC_SIAH_Monticello_0160/$File/MONTI_120212_279.JPG) |
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