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Description of Pictures: Freedom Riders Reception and Program:
Join PBS, American Experience and the Newseum as we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides.
Congressman and Freedom Rider John Lewis and author Raymond Arsenault will sign copies of their books during the reception.
Following the screening of the PBS documentary "Freedom Riders," there will be a Q&A with filmmaker Stanley Nelson and the original Freedom Riders.
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2011_DC_FreedomP_110506: Newseum -- "Freedom Riders" screening -- Stage Presentation (w/Diane Nash, Stanley Nelson, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland, Raymond Arsenault, and John Lewis) (83 photos from 2011)
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FREEDM_110506_058.JPG: John Lewis is on the left
FREEDM_110506_079.JPG: John Lewis (U.S. politician)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Robert Lewis (born February 21, 1940) is the U.S. Representative for Georgia's 5th congressional district, serving since 1987. He was a leader in the American Civil Rights Movement and chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), playing a key role in the struggle to end segregation. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district encompasses almost all of Atlanta.
Early life and activism:
Born in Troy, Alabama, the third son of Eddie and Willie Mae Lewis. His parents were sharecroppers. He was a hard-working young man who overcame poverty and political disenfranchisement to educate himself. Lewis was educated at the Pike County Training High School, Brundidge, Alabama and also American Baptist Theological Seminary and at Fisk University, both in Nashville, Tennessee, where he became active in the local sit-in movement. As a student he made a systematic study of the techniques and philosophy of nonviolence, and with his fellow students prepared thoroughly for their first actions. He participated in the Freedom Rides to desegregate the South, and was a national leader in the struggle for civil rights. In an interview John Lewis said "I saw racial discrimination as a young child. I saw those signs that said "White Men, Colored Men, White Women, Colored Women."..."I remember as a young child with some of my brothers and sisters and first cousins going down to the public library trying to get library cards, trying to check some books out, and we were told by the librarian that the library was for whites only and not for "coloreds." John Lewis followed Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and Rosa Parks on the radio. He and his family supported the Montgomery bus boycott.
SNCC:
As a student, Lewis was very dedicated to the civil rights movement. He was instrumental in organizing student sit-ins, bus boycotts and non-violent protests in the fight for voter and racial equality. In 1961 he joined SNCC, the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee and the Freedom Rides. He was 21 years old. John Lewis was one of the 13 original freedom riders. There were seven whites and six blacks.
He endured brutal beatings by angry mobs and suffered a fractured skull at the hands of Alabama State police as he led a march of 600 people in Selma in 1965. He was nearly beaten to death in Montgomery.
In 1963, when Chuck McDew stepped down as SNCC chairman, Lewis was quickly elected to take over. Lewis' experience at that point was already widely respected--he had been arrested 24 times as a result of his activism. He held the post of chairman until 1966. By 1963, he was recognized as one of the "Big Six" leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, along with Dr. King, Whitney Young, A. Phillip Randolph, James Farmer and Roy Wilkins. He was one of the planners and keynote speakers of the March on Washington in August 1963, the occasion of Dr. King's celebrated "I Have a Dream" speech. Lewis represented [SNCC], the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee,and was the youngest speaker.
In 1964, Lewis coordinated SNCC's efforts for "Mississippi Freedom Summer," a campaign to register black voters across the South. Lewis became nationally known during his prominent role in the Selma to Montgomery marches On March 7, 1965 -- a day that would become known as "Bloody Sunday" -- Lewis and fellow activist Hosea Williams led over 600 marchers across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. At the end of the bridge, they were met by Alabama State Troopers, who ordered them to disperse. When the marchers stopped to pray, the police discharged tear gas and mounted troopers charged the demonstrators, beating them with night sticks. Lewis's skull was fractured, but he escaped across the bridge, to a church in Selma. Before he could be taken to the hospital, John Lewis appeared before the television cameras calling on President Johnson to intervene in Alabama. During the first march police attacked the peaceful demonstrators and beat Lewis mercilessly in public, leaving head wounds that are still visible today.
Historian Howard Zinn wrote: "At the great Washington March of 1963, the chairman of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), John Lewis, speaking to the same enormous crowd that heard Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream speech, was prepared to ask the right question: 'Which side is the federal government on?' That sentence was eliminated from his speech by organizers of the March to avoid offending the Kennedy Administration. But Lewis and his fellow SNCC workers had experienced, again and again, the strange passivity of the national government in the face of Southern violence."
"John Lewis and SNCC had reason to be angry. At 21 years old, John Lewis was the first of the Freedom Riders to be assaulted while in Rock Hill, South Carolina. He tried to enter a whites-only waiting room and two white men attacked him, injuring his face and kicking him in the ribs. Nevertheless, only two weeks later Lewis joined a Freedom Ride that was bound for Jackson. "We were determined not to let any act of violence keep us from our goal. We knew our lives could be threatened, but we had made up our minds not to turn back," Lewis said recently in regard to his perseverance following the act of violence.
In an interview with CNN during the 40th anniversary of the Freedom Rides, Lewis recounted the sheer amount of violence he and the 12 other original Freedom Riders endured. In Anniston, Alabama the bus was mercilessly fire-bombed after Ku Klux Klan members deflated its tires, forcing it to come to a stop. In Birmingham, the Riders were mercilessly beaten, and in Montgomery an angry mob met the bus, where Lewis was hit in the head with a wooden crate. "It was very violent. I thought I was going to die. I was left lying at the Greyhound bus station in Montgomery unconscious," said Lewis, remembering the incident. The original intent of the Freedom Rides was to test the new law that banned segregation in public transportation. It also exposed the passivity of the government regarding violence against citizens of the country who were simply acting in accordance to the law. The federal government had trusted the notoriously racist Alabama police to protect the Riders, but did nothing itself, except to have FBI agents take notes. Instead of insisting that blacks and whites had a right to ride the buses together, the Kennedy Administration called for a 'cooling-off period,' a moratorium on Freedom Rides. Lewis had been imprisoned for forty days in the Mississippi State Penitentiary in Sunflower County, Mississippi after participating in a Freedom Riders activity in that state.
Lewis at meeting of American Society of Newspaper Editors, 1964
In February 2009, forty-eight years after he had been bloodied by the Ku Klux Klan during civil rights marches, Lewis received an apology on national television from a white southerner, former Klansman Elwin Wilson.
After leaving SNCC in 1966, Lewis worked with community organizations and was named community affairs director for the National Consumer Co-op Bank in Atlanta.
FREEDM_110506_157.JPG: The new Freedom Bus comes up
FREEDM_110506_191.JPG: Joan Mulholland is in the kerchief
FREEDM_110506_224.JPG: John Lewis (center)
FREEDM_110506_300.JPG: "Freedom Riders" screening with John Lewis @ Newseum
FREEDM_110506_379.JPG: Joan Eisenstodt, Joel Levy, ???
FREEDM_110506_507.JPG: Joan Mulholland
FREEDM_110506_562.JPG: Jerry (on the right) used to be with the Capitol PC User Group
FREEDM_110506_566.JPG: (back) Joan Eisenstodt
(front) ???
FREEDM_110506_573.JPG: Stanley Nelson with Harris Wofford.
Harris Wofford
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Harris Llewellyn Wofford (born April 9, 1926) served as a Democratic U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania from 1991 to 1995 and as the fifth president of Bryn Mawr College, and is a noted advocate of national service and volunteering. Wofford was a surrogate for Barack Obama's campaign for president, and introduced Obama in Philadelphia at the National Constitution Center before Obama's speech on race in America, "A More Perfect Union."
Biography:
Harris Wofford was born in New York City in 1926. While attending high school, he was inspired by Clarence Streit's plea for a world government to found the Student Federalists.
Wofford served in the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. He is a 1948 graduate of the University of Chicago. He enrolled at Howard Law School, the first white student to do so since the early 1900s. After one year, he transferred to Yale Law School, where he graduated in June 1954.
He began his public service career as an attorney for the United States Commission on Civil Rights, serving from 1954 to 1958. In 1959, he became a law professor at University of Notre Dame. He was an early supporter of the Civil Rights movement in the south in the late 1950s and became a friend and unofficial advisor to Martin Luther King, Jr..
Kennedy administration:
Wofford's political career began in 1960 when he served as an adviser to the presidential campaign of John F. Kennedy. When King was imprisoned shortly before the election, Wofford persuaded Kennedy brother in law, Sargent Shriver, in a race down the freeway to O'Hare airport, to persuade Kennedy to call King's wife, Correta Scott King, who faced the spectre of her husband sentenced to hard labor, in a gulag like Georgia prison, for a minor traffic violation, while in advanced pregnancy. This was done with Ted Sorenson, Teddy Kennedy,and Ken O'Donnell, out of the room; all who would have opposed this move, because of the opposition from the Southern political leaders, like arch segregationist, Senator James Eastland. JFK's call helped shift the African American vote decisively in Kennedy's favor and may have won him the election.
In 1961, Kennedy appointed him, in a last minute decision, as a special assistant to the President on civil rights. He also served as chairman of the Subcabinet Group on Civil Rights. He was instrumental in the formation of the Peace Corps and served as the Peace Corps' special representative to Africa and director of operations in Ethiopia. He was appointed associate director of the Peace Corps in 1962 and held that position until 1966. Wofford's book Of Kennedys and Kings: Making Sense of the Sixties details his years in the civil rights movement and the creation of the Peace Corps.
FREEDM_110506_650.JPG: Ernest "Rip" Patton, Jr.
Freedom Rider Nashville, TN
The 21-year-old Tennessee State student was the drum major in the University marching band when, in 1961, he became involved in the Nashville Movement. Patton arrived in Montgomery, AL on Tuesday, May 23 to help reinforce the riders meeting at the home of Dr. Harris after the May 21 firebombing and siege of Montgomery's First Baptist Church.
Ernest "Rip" Patton, Jr. took part in the May 24, 1961 Greyhound Freedom Ride to Jackson, MS, where he was arrested and later transferred to Mississippi's notorious Parchman State Prison Farm.
Patton was one of 14 Tennessee State University students expelled for participating in the Rides. Following the Freedom Rides, he worked as a jazz musician, and later as a long-distance truck driver and community leader. For the past three years, Patton has served as the Freedom Rider on an annual university sponsored Civil Rights tour of the Deep South.
The above is from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/people/ernest-rip-patton-jr
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Featured Folk: Some of the people here can also be seen on other pages on this site.
Arsenault, Raymond appears on:
2011_DC_FreedomP_110506 Newseum -- "Freedom Riders" screening -- Stage Presentation (w/Diane Nash, Stanley Nelson, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland, Raymond Arsenault, and John Lewis)
2009_DC_LMM_090405 Newseum -- Inside Media w/Roger Wilkins and Raymond Arsenault (Lincoln Memorial Memories)
Lewis, John appears on:
2018_DC_RFK_Human_180605 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Awards (2018) @ Russell Senate Office Bldg
2013_DC_King_130822 Newseum -- Covering Civil Rights (w/Bernice King and Simeon Booker)
2013_DC_OBrien_130803 Newseum -- Inside Media w/M.J. O'Brien ("We Shall Not Be Moved")
2011_DC_FreedomP_110506 Newseum -- "Freedom Riders" screening -- Stage Presentation (w/Diane Nash, Stanley Nelson, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland, Raymond Arsenault, and John Lewis)
2015_DC_Nelson_150619 Natl Archives & AFI Docs 2015 -- Guggenheim Symposium Honoring Stanley Nelson @ National Archives
2014_DC_Freedom_Summer_140616 Newseum -- "Freedom Summer" screening (w/Gwen Ifill, Bob Moses, Rita Schwerner Bender Stanley Nelson, and Mark Samels)
2011_DC_FreedomP_110506 Newseum -- "Freedom Riders" screening -- Stage Presentation (w/Diane Nash, Stanley Nelson, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland, Raymond Arsenault, and John Lewis)
2011 photos: Equipment this year: I mostly used the Fuji S100fs camera as well as two Nikon models -- the D90 and the new D7000. Mostly a toy, I also purchased a Fuji Real 3-D W3 camera, to try out 3-D photographs. I found it interesting although I don't see any real use for 3-D stills now. Given that many of the photos from the 1860s were in 3-D (including some of the more famous Civil War shots), it's odd to see it coming back.
Trips this year:
Civil War Trust conferences (Savannah, GA, Chattanooga, TN),
New Jersey over Memorial Day for my birthday (people never seem to visit New Jersey -- it's always just a pit stop on the way to New York. I thought I might as well spend a few days there. Despite some nice places, it still ended up a pit stop for me -- New York City was infinitely more interesting),
my 6th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and San Francisco).
Ego strokes: Author photos that I took were used on two book jackets this year: Jason Emerson's book "The Dark Days of Abraham Lincoln's Widow As Revealed by Her Own Letters" and Dennis L. Noble's "The U.S. Coast Guard's War on Human Smuggling." I also had a photo of Jason Stelter published in the Washington Examiner and a picture of Miss DC, Ashley Boalch, published in the Washington Post.
Number of photos taken this year: just over 390,000.
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