BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Dept of Energy -- Energy Museum

DC -- Dept of Energy -- Energy Museum:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. DOEMUS_110707_001.JPG: The Manhattan Project: In a national survey of journalists and historians at the turn of the millennium, the dropping of the atomic bomb and the surrender of Japan that ended World War II ranked as the top story of the twentieth century. The advent of nuclear weapons, developed by the Manhattan Project, not only helped end the war but also ushered in the atomic age and determined how the next war -- the Cold War -- would be fought. As the forerunner of the Department of Energy (DOE), the Manhattan Project was the organizational model for the impressive achievements in "big science" that took place during the second half of the twentieth century at DOE and demonstrated the relationship between basic scientific research and national security that is one of the hallmarks of the Department today.
2. DOEMUS_110707_005.JPG: Seaborg Cigar Box: Cigar box used by Glenn Seaborg to carry samples of plutonium at the University of California Radiation Laboratory.
3. DOEMUS_110707_013.JPG: The First Radiation Symbol: The first radiation symbol was developed at the University of California at Berkley.
4. DOEMUS_110707_020.JPG: Register: Temperature control register from the Los Alamos S Site casting building. The register was used to control cooling rates during the casting process of the implosion device's high explosive lenses. The register connected to water lines of varying temperatures located in the basement below. Hoses from the water valves on the sides of the register connected to the molds used to make the lenses.
5. DOEMUS_110707_031.JPG: Trinitite: Desert sand and debris swept up by the Trinity test turned into molten glass inside the fireball and fell back, as droplets, in the newly created crater around ground zero. The puddles of molten material solidified into a new, manmade substance christened trinitite.
6. DOEMUS_110707_042.JPG: The B61-11 Strategic Bomb: The B61-11 is the only earth penetrating nuclear weapon in the US stockpile and is delivered by the United States Air Force's B-52 and B-2 strategic bombers. It was shielded as a replacement for the B53-1 strategic bomb in the mid-1990s to hold a select group of targets at risk. The B61 family of bombs was designed by the Department of Energy's Sandia National Laboratories and Los Alamos National Laboratory.
7. DOEMUS_110707_060.JPG: Experimental Boiling Water Reactor Model (EBWR): The Experimental Boiling Water Reactor (EBWR) was designed, built, and operated by Argonne National Laboratory at its site near Chicago, Illinois. It operated from 1956 until 1967 at power levels of up to 10 MWth with an electrical output of 5 MWe. Its missions included demonstrating the Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) concept for electricity generation and various fuel enrichments, demonstrating plutonium recycle, and training personnel. This actual model was constructed and sent to the Second Geneva International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in 1958 to illustrate Argonne National Laboratory's achievement in developing the boiling water reactor concept for power generation.
8. DOEMUS_110707_067.JPG: Light Bulb Lit by Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR-I): This is one of the first light bulbs ever powered by nuclear generated electricity. At 1:50pm on December 20, 1951 the Experimental Breeder Reactor I became the world's first electricity-generating nuclear power plant when it produced sufficient electricity to illuminate four 200-watt light bulbs.
9. DOEMUS_110707_078.JPG: Strategic Petroleum Reserve Model: Government-owned crude oil is stockpiled underground in huge caverns created in massive salt domes found along the US gulf coast. The crude oil is available to be released into the market under Presidential direction to respond to a several energy supply interruption. Fresh water is pumped in to hollow out the salt to create the caverns, which hold millions of barrels each; oil is injected, and then removed when needed by displacing it with additional fresh water. This model represents the Bayou Choctaw underground salt dome site of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Other Strategic Petroleum Reserve sites include West Hackberry, Louisiana, and Big Hill and Bryan Mound, Texas. The Department has also selected a site in Richton, Mississippi for the expansion of the Petroleum Reserve. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency fuel storage of oil maintained by the United States Department of Energy. United States: The US SPR is the largest emergency supply in the world with the current capacity to hold up to 727 million barrels (115,600,000 m3). The current inventory is displayed on the SPR's website. As of May 31, 2011, the current inventory was 726.5 million barrels (115,500,000 m3). This equates to 34 days of oil at current daily US consumption levels of 21 million barrels per day (3,300,000 m3/d). At recent market prices ($65 a barrel as of October 2008) the SPR holds over $34.3 billion in sweet crude and approximately $51.2 billion in sour crude (assuming a $15/barrel discount for sulfur content). The total value of the crude in the SPR is approximately $85.5 billion USD. The price paid for the oil is $20.1 billion (an average of $28.42 per barrel). Purchases of crude oil resumed in January 2009 using revenues available from the 2005 Hurricane Katrina emergency sale. The DOE purchased 10,700,000 barrels (1,700,000 m3) at a cost of $553 million. The United States started the petroleum reserve in 1975 after oil supplies were cut off during the 1973-74 oil embargo, to mitigate future temporary supply disruptions. According to the World Factbook, the United States imports a net 12 million barrels (1,900,000 m3) of oil a day (MMbd), so the SPR holds about a 58-day supply. However, the maximum total withdrawal capability from the SPR is only 4.4 million barrels (700,000 m3) per day, making it a 160 + day supply. Facilities: The SPR management office is located in New Orleans, Louisiana. The reserve is stored at four sites on the Gulf of Mexico, each located near a major center of petrochemical refining and processing. Each site contains a number of artificial caverns created in salt domes below the surface. Individual caverns within a site can be up to 1000 m below the surface, average dimensions are 60 m wide and 600 m deep, and capacity ranges from 6 to 37 million barrels (950,000 to 5,900,000 m3). Almost $4 billion was spent on the facilities. The decision to store in caverns was made in order to reduce costs; the Department of Energy claims it is roughly 10 times cheaper to store oil below surface with the added advantages of no leaks and a constant natural churn of the oil due to a temperature gradient in the caverns. The caverns were created by drilling down and then dissolving the salt with water. Existing: * Bryan Mound - Freeport, Texas. 20 caverns with a storage capacity of 254 million barrels (40,400,000 m3) with a drawdown capacity of 1.5 million barrels (240,000 m3) per day. * Big Hill - Winnie, Texas. Has a capacity of 160 million barrels (25,000,000 m3) with a drawdown capacity of 1.1 million barrels (170,000 m3) per day. This facility is planned to be expanded by 250 million barrels (40,000,000 m3) with a new drawdown capacity of 1.5 million barrels (240,000 m3) per day. * West Hackberry - Lake Charles, Louisiana. Has a capacity of 227 million barrels (36,100,000 m3) with a drawdown capacity of 1.3 million barrels (210,000 m3) per day. * Bayou Choctaw - Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Has a capacity of 76 million barrels (12,100,000 m3) with a maximum drawdown rate of 550,000 barrels (87,000 m3). This facility is planned to be expand to 109 million barrels (17,300,000 m3) with a new drawdown capacity of 600,000 barrels (95,000 m3) per day. Future: * Richton, Mississippi. This facility, if built as planned, will have a capacity of 160 million barrels (25,000,000 m3) with a drawdown capacity of 1 million barrels (160,000 m3) per day. The Secretary of the Energy Department, Samuel Bodman, announced the creation of this site in February 2007. This new site is currently facing some opposition. Retired: * Weeks Island - Iberia Parish, Louisiana (Decommissioned 1999) Capacity of 72 million barrels (11,400,000 m3). This facility was a conventional room and pillar near-surface salt mine, formerly owned by Morton Salt. In 1993, a sinkhole formed on the site, allowing fresh water to intrude into the mine. Because of the mine's construction in salt deposits, fresh water would erode the ceiling, potentially causing the structure to fail. The mine was backfilled with salt-saturated brine. This process, which allowed for recovery of 98% of the petroleum stored in the facility, reduced the risk of further freshwater intrusion, and helped prevent the remaining oil from leaking into the aquifer that is located over the salt dome.
10. DOEMUS_110707_082.JPG: ITER: ITER is an international experiment that aims to harness fusion energy, which powers the sun and stars, to generate electricity. Commercialization of fusion energy would dramatically improve America's energy security while significantly reducing air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases. This cut-away view of ITER depicts the vacuum vessel, its internal components and its ports, as well as some features of the magnet system, cryostat, and the surrounding equipment and building.
11. DOEMUS_110707_091.JPG: The Federal Gas Billy: The Federal Gas Billy was invented in 1925 by the Federal Laboratories, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Two models were made: spray and blast-type billy. The device was used to shoot gas and make a room untenable or a crowd easier to handle. They were widely used by law enforcement.
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2011 photos: Equipment this year: I mostly used the Fuji S100fs camera as well as two Nikon models -- the D90 and the new D7000. Mostly a toy, I also purchased a Fuji Real 3-D W3 camera, to try out 3-D photographs. I found it interesting although I don't see any real use for 3-D stills now. Given that many of the photos from the 1860s were in 3-D (including some of the more famous Civil War shots), it's odd to see it coming back. Trips this year: Civil War Trust conferences (Savannah, GA, Chattanooga, TN), New Jersey over Memorial Day for my birthday (people never seem to visit New Jersey -- it's always just a pit stop on the way to New York. I thought I might as well spend a few days there. Despite some nice places, it still ended up a pit stop for me -- New York City was infinitely more interesting), my 6th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and San Francisco). Ego strokes: Author photos that I took were used on two book jackets this year: Jason Emerson's book "The Dark Days of Abraham Lincoln's Widow As Revealed by Her Own Letters" and Dennis L. Noble's "The U.S. Coast Guard's War on Human Smuggling." I also had a photo of Jason Stelter published in the Washington Examiner and a picture of Miss DC, Ashley Boalch, published in the Washington Post. Number of photos taken this year: just over 390,000.
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