BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Natl Museum of American History -- Exhibit: Abraham Lincoln: An Extraordinary Life

DC -- Natl Museum of American History -- Exhibit: Abraham Lincoln: An Extraordinary Life:

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Description of Pictures: Abraham Lincoln: An Extraordinary Life
January 16, 2009 – May 30, 2011
The museum brings together—for the first time—its unique and unparalled Lincoln collection. Through a focused selection of nationally important Lincoln artifacts, visitors explore the life and times of this extraordinary figure. Each highlighted object is augmented with personal stories told by Lincoln and the people who knew him best. The exhibition showcases more than 60 historical treasures associated with Lincoln's life—from an iron wedge he used to split wood in the early 1830s in New Salem, Illinois, to his iconic top hat he wore the night he was assassinated at Ford's Theatre. The exhibition tells a new and intimate story of the life and legacy of this remarkable individual.

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. SIAHLI_090303_023.JPG: Lincoln's Watch Lincoln's English gold watch and chain were purchased in the 1850s from George Chatterton, a Springfield, Illinois, jeweler. Lincoln was not outwardly vain, but the fine gold watch was a conspicuous symbol of his success. A Hidden Message The news that on April 12, 1861, Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter reached Washington just as watchmaker Jonathan Dillon was repairing Abraham Lincoln's timepiece. Caught up in the moment, Dillon unscrewed the dial and engraved: "Jonathan Dillon April 13, 1861 Fort Sumpter [sic] was attacked by the rebels on the above date J Dillon April 13, 1861 Washington" and "thank God we have a government Jonth Dillon." Other watchmakers' markings also appear on the plate. Lincoln never knew of the message he carried in his pocket. The inscription remained hidden behind the dial. The unconfirmed story was known only within Dillon's family...until now. After being contacted by Dillon's great great-grandson, the Museum removed the dial on March 10, 2009, to reveal the watchmaker's declaration.
2. SIAHLI_090303_049.JPG: Thomas -- Lincoln's Father Thomas Lincoln, Abraham's father, was also a child of the frontier. He had seen his own father killed by Indians. Largely a subsistence farmer, Thomas moved his family from Kentucky to Indiana and eventually to Illinois in search of better prospects. Thomas's relationship with his son grew increasingly strained as Abraham matured. By the end of Thomas's life, they no longer spoke.
3. SIAHLI_090303_055.JPG: Sarah -- Lincoln's Stepmother Abraham Lincoln's family moved from Kentucky to Little Pigeon Creek, Indiana, in 1816. Two years later, his mother, Nancy Lincoln, died of milk-sickness, an illness caused by drinking contaminated milk. The next year, Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnson, a widow with three children. The Lincoln family now included Thomas and Sarah, her children, Abraham, his sister Sarah, and a cousin, Dennis Hanks. Sarah brought stability to the family. Although illiterate herself, she encouraged the children's education and supported Abraham in his love of books and learning, which led him beyond the frontier.
4. SIAHLI_090303_075.JPG: "The Genuine Rail" Piece of fence rail with affidavit from John Hanks, Lincoln's cousin. The affidavit reads: "This is to certify that this is one of the genuine rails split by A Lincoln and myself in 1829 and 30." John Hanks sold pieces of other fence rails to Lincoln supporters during the presidential campaign of 1860. This piece, cut from a larger rail, was later sold to raise money for Union soldiers.
5. SIAHLI_090303_090.JPG: Conan O'Brien ended his Conan show on June 24, 2021 after an 11-year run. He's shown here with author James Swanson ("Manhunt") @ The National Museum of American History back in 2009.
6. SIAHLI_090303_105.JPG: Casts of Lincoln Chicago artist Leonard Volk produced this plaster life mask of Abraham Lincoln in April 1860. Volk made the casts of Lincoln's hands on May 20, two days after the Republican Party nominated him for the presidency. Lincoln's right hand was still swollen from shaking hands with supporters. To steady his hand in the mold, Lincoln went out to the woodshed and cut off a piece of broom handle. Volk later placed the piece of handle in the cast displayed here. "There is the animal himself!" -- Abraham Lincoln on first seeing the life mask in Volk's studio The Original Casts: In 1886 Volk's son sold the casts of Lincoln's face and hands to a group that proposed having the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens make a limited set of replicas. In 1888 the 33 supporters of this project presented Volk's personal copies of the life mask and hands, along with bronze replicas produced by Saint-Gaudens, to the U.S. government for preservation. The donation was made on the condition that "the original plaster casts should never be tampered with." Any future casts could only be made from the bronze replicas.
7. SIAHLI_090303_124.JPG: Abraham's Shawl: In chilly weather, Lincoln often wore a dark wool shawl over his shoulders. Many years later Robert Todd Lincoln gave his father's shawl to his own friend, Washington attorney Frederick Harvey.
8. SIAHLI_090303_130.JPG: Railsplitter's Campaign Parade Axe Eagle Torch Campaign Torches, 1860 Parade transparency: This three-sided transparency was originally illuminated from inside by a small oil lamp and carried in campaign parades.
9. SIAHLI_090303_137.JPG: Campaign Banner, Belfast, Maine
10. SIAHLI_090303_150.JPG: Mary's Dress: Mary Lincoln's purple velvet skirt and daytime bodice are believed to have been made by African American dressmaker Elizabeth Keckly. The first lady wore the gown during the Washington winter social season in 1861–62. Both pieces are piped with white satin, and the bodice is trimmed with mother-of pearl buttons. An evening bodice was included with the ensemble. The lace collar is of the period, but not original to the dress. A Gift from Mary Lincoln: After Abraham Lincoln's death, Mary went into mourning and remained in widow's clothes until her own death in 1882. She gave some of her White House finery to family members. Her cousin, Elizabeth Todd Grimsley, received this purple velvet ensemble. In 1916 Grimsley's son, John, sold the ensemble to Mrs. Julian James for the Smithsonian's new First Ladies Collection. John Grimsley attributed this dress to a "seamstress of exceptional ability" who "made nearly all of Mrs. Lincoln's gowns." Although he mistook her name as "Ann," he most likely was referring to Elizabeth Keckly.
11. SIAHLI_090303_160.JPG: Silver Service: Silver service made by the Gorham Silver Company. Each of the pieces is engraved on one side with the monogram "MTL" and a crest on the other. It is likely the service was presented to the first lady as a gift from the citizens of New York.
12. SIAHLI_090303_190.JPG: A Gift with a Purpose: The New Haven Arms Company presented this engraved, gold-mounted Henry rifle to Abraham Lincoln in an effort to influence the sale of its weapons to the army. Designed by B. Tyler Henry, the .44-caliber, lever-action repeating rifle fired up to seven times faster than single-shot muskets. But the rifle was deemed too heavy and damage-prone for regular battlefield use. Although the federal government purchased relatively few of the rifles, several Northern state militias acquired them at their own expense.
13. SIAHLI_090303_196.JPG: Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address: On March 4, 1865, as the war was coming to an end, Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address on the east portico of the Capitol. It was not a triumphal speech: rather, Lincoln expressed his profound sadness at the cost of the war and his prayers for the future. Frederick Douglass noted in his diary, "The address sounded more like a sermon than a state paper."
14. SIAHLI_090303_210.JPG: White House Coffee Cup: Capt. D. W. Taylor presented this cup to Robert Todd Lincoln in 1887. He explained that a White House servant had seen the president leave the cup behind on a windowsill just before departing for the theater, and had preserved it as a relic of that tragic night.
15. SIAHLI_090303_225.JPG: Wrist iron
16. SIAHLI_090303_228.JPG: Ankle shackles
17. SIAHLI_090303_231.JPG: Ceremonial Sword: U.S. Medical Staff Officer Dr. Charles Leale wore this sword while serving in the honor guard for Lincoln's body when it lay in state at the White House and the U.S. Capitol. Leale was on duty at Ford's Theatre the night of the assassination and was the first doctor to reach the dying president.
18. SIAHLI_090303_241.JPG: Cell key
19. SIAHLI_090303_244.JPG: Ankle shackles
20. SIAHLI_090303_264.JPG: Mill's Mask of Lincoln: On February 11, 1865, about two months before his death, Lincoln permitted sculptor Clark Mills to make this life mask of his face. This was the second and last life mask made of Lincoln. The strain of the presidency was written on Abraham Lincoln's face. His secretary, John Hay, remarked on the dramatic difference in Lincoln's two life masks. He noted that the first (displayed earlier in the exhibition) "is a man of fifty-one, and young for his years. . . . It is a face full of life, of energy, of vivid aspiration. . . . .The other is so sad and peaceful in its infinite repose . . . . a look as of one on whom sorrow and care had done their worst without victory is on all the features."
21. SIAHLI_090303_275.JPG: Conan again
22. SIAHLI_090303_291.JPG: Scarf Pin: This gold pin with an image of Abraham Lincoln was among Mary Lincoln's possessions when she died.
23. SIAHLI_090303_388.JPG: Inkwell: Crystal and silver inkwell inscribed: "This inkstand was used by Abraham Lincoln during his presidency. John Hay.
24. SIAHLI_090303_394.JPG: A Keepsake from the Lincolns Elizabeth Keckly asked Mary Lincoln for keepsakes from the president and received several items, including this inkwell. In 1874 she presented it to Rev. George Van Deurs, her minister at the Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church in Washington.
25. SIAHLI_090303_423.JPG: Grant's Commission: On March 4, 1864, Lincoln signed this certificate making Ulysses S. Grant a lieutenant general, a rank previously held only by George Washington. Once in command of the Union armies, Grant undertook a relentless and bloody campaign against Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
26. SIAHLI_090303_435.JPG: Telegraph Office Inkstand: This brass inkstand sat on the desk of Maj. Thomas Eckert in the War Department telegraph office. At the time, the War Department handled all the president's telegrams, and Lincoln often stopped by to learn the latest news of the war. According to Eckert, the president composed an early draft of the Emancipation Proclamation while sitting at his desk in the summer of 1862.
27. SIAHLI_090303_486.JPG: Surgical Instruments: On April 15, Surgeon General Joseph K. Barnes directed an autopsy on Lincoln's body in the White House. The name of the surgeon who performed the autopsy was not recorded. The instruments he used were given to Alfred D. Wilson, a young doctor who assisted in the procedure. They remained in Wilson's family until they were donated to the Medical Society of the County of Kings in Brooklyn, New York, in 1935.
28. SIAHLI_090303_490.JPG: Laura Keene's Bloodstained Cuff: The play's leading actress, Laura Keene, rushed with water to the president's box. As she cradled the president's head, drops of his blood stained her cuff. She gave the cuff to her niece who preserved it throughout her life.
29. SIAHLI_090303_501.JPG: Ceremonial Sword: U.S. Medical Staff Officer Dr. Charles Leale wore this sword while serving in the honor guard for Lincoln's body when it lay in state at the White House and the U.S. Capitol. Leale was on duty at Ford's Theatre the night of the assassination and was the first doctor to reach the dying president.
30. SIAHLI_090306_002.JPG: Lincoln's Patent Model: On May 22, 1849, Congressman Abraham Lincoln received a patent for his method of lifting boats over shoals. A trip to Niagara Falls inspired the design, when he witnessed a grounded boat being lifted over shallow waters. Lincoln produced the model with the help of Walter Davis, a Springfield mechanic. There is no evidence that he ever sought to put the idea into production.
31. SIAHLI_090306_012.JPG: As this print illustrated, Abraham Lincoln was just one candidate among many. Lincoln had been active in Illinois politics for much of his life. He had served many years in the state legislature and one term in the U.S. House of Representatives. In the 1850s he helped establish the Republican Party. He gained national attention for his well-publicized debates with Stephen Douglas in the 1858 Illinois senate campaign and for his 1860 speech at New York City's Cooper Union. Senator William H. Seward of New York was the front-runner among Republicans, but his supporters could not put together a majority of delegates. On the third ballot, Lincoln emerged as the convention's compromise candidate.
32. SIAHLI_090306_042.JPG: Mary's Purse Mary Lincoln's gold evening purse, 1863. Her name and the year were engraved inside the ring.
33. SIAHLI_090306_071.JPG: Mary's Dress: Mary Lincoln's purple velvet skirt and daytime bodice are believed to have been made by African American dressmaker Elizabeth Keckly. The first lady wore the gown during the Washington winter social season in 1861–62. Both pieces are piped with white satin, and the bodice is trimmed with mother-of pearl buttons. An evening bodice was included with the ensemble. The lace collar is of the period, but not original to the dress. A Gift from Mary Lincoln: After Abraham Lincoln's death, Mary went into mourning and remained in widow's clothes until her own death in 1882. She gave some of her White House finery to family members. Her cousin, Elizabeth Todd Grimsley, received this purple velvet ensemble. In 1916 Grimsley's son, John, sold the ensemble to Mrs. Julian James for the Smithsonian's new First Ladies Collection. John Grimsley attributed this dress to a "seamstress of exceptional ability" who "made nearly all of Mrs. Lincoln's gowns." Although he mistook her name as "Ann," he most likely was referring to Elizabeth Keckly.
34. SIAHLI_090306_074.JPG: Douglas ribbon
35. SIAHLI_090306_080.JPG: Cartoon of Inaugural Address: Thomas Nast's cartoon, published in the New York Illustrated News, March 23, 1861, captured how different audiences received Lincoln's address.
36. SIAHLI_090306_095.JPG: Silver Service: Silver service made by the Gorham Silver Company. Each of the pieces is engraved on one side with the monogram "MTL" and a crest on the other. It is likely the service was presented to the first lady as a gift from the citizens of New York.
37. SIAHLI_090306_113.JPG: Sheet music, "We Are Coming Father Abraam," 1862: Never before had such massive armies confronted each other with such deadly force. Mobilizing and maintaining these large armies became a central focus for both sides. "I consider the central idea pervading this struggle is the necessity that is upon us, of proving that popular government is not an absurdity. We must settle this question now, whether in a free government the minority have the right to break up the government whenever they choose. If we fail it will go far to prove the incapability of the people to govern themselves." -- Abraham Lincoln, May 7, 1861
38. SIAHLI_090306_134.JPG: "Chubback" Telegraph Key. Telegraph Keys Almost daily, and sometimes more often, Lincoln visited the War Department telegraph office across from the White House. By reviewing military telegrams, he gained insight into the thinking of his generals and, welcome or not, could insert himself into their decisions. The constant flow of information allowed Lincoln to follow the war as it happened and to assert his leadership over the military as no president before him.
39. SIAHLI_090306_136.JPG: Cavalryman's Portable Telegraph Key. Telegraph Keys Almost daily, and sometimes more often, Lincoln visited the War Department telegraph office across from the White House. By reviewing military telegrams, he gained insight into the thinking of his generals and, welcome or not, could insert himself into their decisions. The constant flow of information allowed Lincoln to follow the war as it happened and to assert his leadership over the military as no president before him.
40. SIAHLI_090306_141.JPG: Lincoln and McClellan Lincoln gave Gen. George McClellan the task of building and training the Union army in 1861. He was a superb organizer and popular with his troops, but an ineffective battlefield commander. Lincoln and McClellan never developed a trusting relationship. When McClellan failed to pursue the Confederate army retreating after the Battle of Antietam in 1862, Lincoln removed him from command. This photograph shows Lincoln and McClellan in the general's tent at Antietam, Maryland, about two weeks after the battle.
41. SIAHLI_090306_147.JPG: Lincoln had good reason to doubt his chances for reelection. No president since Andrew Jackson in 1832 had won a second term. The Democratic Party nominated Gen. George McClellan, whom Lincoln had removed from command. McClellan ran on an anti-Lincoln and anti-Emancipation Proclamation platform and left open the possibility of a negotiated peace with the South. As the election approached, Union triumphs on the battlefield helped propel Lincoln to victory. He declared the election results a mandate to press on for an unconditional victory and a constitutional amendment to end slavery.
42. SIAHLI_090306_153.JPG: McClellan Ballot
43. SIAHLI_090306_162.JPG: Lincoln Campaign Flag
44. SIAHLI_090306_168.JPG: Original Photographic Print of Lincoln's First Inauguration Lincoln began his inaugural address by appealing to Southern secessionists. He promised to defend states rights and protect slavery where it existed. But he made it clear that he would defend the Constitution and the Union. He ended his speech with a plea to find common ground. To some Northerners, his remarks seemed to be too conciliatory, but to many people in the South, they sounded like a declaration of war.
45. SIAHLI_090306_173.JPG: Slavery's End: On January 31, 1865, Congress passed the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slavery. The measure was ratified by the states on December 6, 1865.
46. SIAHLI_090306_184.JPG: A Flag of Truce: This towel was used as a flag of truce by Confederate troops during Gen. Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865. It was preserved by Gen. George A. Custer, who was present at the surrender.
47. SIAHLI_090306_188.JPG: Grand torchlight parade for Abraham Lincoln in New York City, October 3, 1860
48. SIAHLI_090306_192.JPG: Parade Transparency: This three-sided transparency was originally illuminated from inside by a small oil lamp and carried in campaign parades.
49. SIAHLI_090306_198.JPG: Railsplitter's Campaign Parade Axe
50. SIAHLI_090306_202.JPG: Fort Sumter: On the morning after his inauguration, Lincoln received a report that the garrison at Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, would soon be forced to surrender unless resupplied. The Confederate government laid claim to the fort, and looked on reinforcements or new supplies as an act of war. But surrendering the fort would only strengthen the secessionists' cause. After much debate, Lincoln decided to send provisions, but not arms. The supply ship never reached the fort. On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces responded with a 34-hour bombardment that ended in the garrison's surrender. Three days later Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers for the Union army.
51. SIAHLI_090306_212.JPG: White House Coffee Cup: Capt. D. W. Taylor presented this cup to Robert Todd Lincoln in 1887. He explained that a White House servant had seen the president leave the cup behind on a windowsill just before departing for the theater, and had preserved it as a relic of that tragic night.
52. SIAHLI_090306_216.JPG: One of two flags that flew from the locomotive of the Lincoln funeral train on the route between Albany and Utica, New York.
53. SIAHLI_090306_222.JPG: National Police Gazette, 1865
54. SIAHLI_090306_228.JPG: Prison Hoods and Shackles: Secretary of War Edwin Stanton ordered that the imprisoned conspirators wear hoods at all times. These canvas hoods with rope ties were made for this purpose. The accused wore the hoods in their cells and on their way to trial.
55. SIAHLI_090306_231.JPG: Edman Spangler: A handyman at Ford's Theatre, Edman Spangler joined Booth for a drink the afternoon of the assassination. That evening Booth asked Spangler to wait with his horse. Spangler explained he had to leave but made arrangements for another theater employee to stay. He was also accused of calling out as Booth escaped, "Don't say which way he went." On this evidence Spangler was found guilty of conspiracy and sentenced to six years in prison. In 1869 President Andrew Johnson granted him a pardon.
56. SIAHLI_090306_233.JPG: Samuel Arnold: Documents found in Booth's hotel room revealed that Samuel Arnold had participated in the plot to kidnap Lincoln. A former Confederate soldier and a boyhood friend of Booth's, Arnold confessed his involvement in the kidnapping plot but denied any role in the assassination. The court found him guilty of conspiracy and sentenced him to life imprisonment. In March 1869 President Andrew Johnson pardoned Arnold and Spangler, the last two imprisoned conspirators.
57. SIAHLI_090306_237.JPG: Lewis Powell: Lewis Powell attacked Secretary of State William Seward at approximately the same time that Booth assaulted Lincoln. Seward was in bed recovering from a carriage accident when Powell stormed into the house. Slashing at anyone in his way, he stabbed Seward in the chest and face several times and then fled. Though severely wounded, Seward survived the attack. Powell, also known as Lewis Payne or Paine, was arrested at Mary Surratt's house in Washington and identified as the attacker. He was found guilty of attempted murder and conspiracy and executed on July 7, 1865.
58. SIAHLI_090306_246.JPG: David Herold: David Herold guided Lewis Powell to the home of Secretary of State William Seward. He remained outside and left before Powell escaped. Herold later rendezvoused with Booth, and the two fled together. Union troops eventually discovered them in a tobacco barn near Port Royal, Virginia. Herold surrendered before Booth was shot. Herold was found guilty of conspiracy and executed on July 7, 1865.
59. SIAHLI_090306_249.JPG: George Atzerodt: Authorities believed that George Atzerodt was given the task of murdering Vice President Andrew Johnson. Although he never attempted to carry out the attack, papers found in his room linked him to Booth and the larger conspiracy. Atzerodt was found guilty of conspiracy and executed on July 7, 1865.
60. SIAHLI_090306_255.JPG: Mary Surratt: Mary Surratt ran a Washington boardinghouse and owned a tavern outside of the city. The house was a meeting place for Booth and the other conspirators, including her son, John Surratt Jr., who admitted being involved in an earlier plot to kidnap Lincoln. During the trial it was revealed that Booth had stored weapons and supplies at the Surratt tavern and stopped to collect the guns as he made his escape into Virginia. Convicted as one of the plotters, Mary Surratt was executed on July 7, 1865.
61. SIAHLI_090306_261.JPG: Dr. Samuel Mudd: During their escape, Booth and Herold stopped at Dr. Samuel Mudd's farm in southern Maryland. Mudd treated Booth's leg and allowed the two men to spend the night. He later denied knowing Booth and claimed he had learned of the assassination only after Booth had left his farm. Evidence at the trial, however, revealed that Mudd had previously met Booth. Mudd was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to Fort Jefferson, Florida. In February 1869 President Andrew Johnson pardoned the doctor as a reward for his efforts in treating soldiers and prisoners during a yellow fever epidemic at the fort.
62. SIAHLI_090306_273.JPG: Michael O'Laughlin: Michael O'Laughlin was a boyhood friend of Booth and a former Confederate soldier. Evidence at the trial linked him only to the Lincoln kidnapping plot. Nonetheless the court found him guilty of conspiracy and sentenced him to life imprisonment. O'Laughlin was sent to Fort Jefferson, Florida with Spangler, Arnold, and Mudd. In 1867 he contracted yellow fever and died.
63. SIAHLI_090306_282.JPG: Funeral Pall: Black silk cloth used to drape over Lincoln's coffin while his body lay in state in Cleveland, Ohio, on April 25, 1865. The same cloth later covered the coffin of President James A. Garfield, who in 1881 became the second president to be assassinated.
64. SIAHLI_090306_305.JPG: Commemorative Print: Publishers throughout the North printed decorative copies of the Emancipation Proclamation after its enactment. R. A. Dimmick published this engraving in 1864.
65. SIAHLI_090306_344.JPG: Telegraph Office Inkstand: This brass inkstand sat on the desk of Maj. Thomas Eckert in the War Department telegraph office. At the time, the War Department handled all the president's telegrams, and Lincoln often stopped by to learn the latest news of the war. According to Eckert, the president composed an early draft of the Emancipation Proclamation while sitting at his desk in the summer of 1862.
66. SIAHLI_090306_372.JPG: Paper Banner, around 1863
67. SIAHLI_090306_387.JPG: Abraham's Office Suit Abraham Lincoln wore this black broadcloth coat, vest, and trousers, as his office suit during his presidency. The shirt and tie are reproductions. History of the Suit: Lincoln's office suit was used in a preliminary study for a posthumous portrait by Boston artist William Morris Hunt. In May 1865 Mary Lincoln sent Thomas Pendel, the White House doorkeeper, to deliver the suit. Pendel, being about the same size as Lincoln, posed in the clothing for the artist. Hunt kept the suit, and in 1894 his widow donated the clothing to the Smithsonian.
68. SIAHLI_090306_418.JPG: Lincoln's Deathbed: Lincoln was carried across the street to the home of William Petersen. For nine hours he lay in a small bedroom surrounded by doctors, government officials, and family. He died at 7:22 a.m. the next morning, April 15, 1865. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton raised his hat and declared: "Now he belongs to the ages."
69. SIAHLI_090306_422.JPG: Laura Keene's Bloodstained Cuff: The play's leading actress, Laura Keene, rushed with water to the president's box. As she cradled the president's head, drops of his blood stained her cuff. She gave the cuff to her niece who preserved it throughout her life.
70. SIAHLI_090306_431.JPG: Lincoln's Top Hat: At six feet four inches tall, Lincoln towered over most of his contemporaries. He chose to stand out even more by wearing high top hats. He acquired this hat from J. Y. Davis, a Washington hat maker. Lincoln had the black silk mourning band added in remembrance of his son Willie. No one knows when he obtained the hat, or how often he wore it. The last time he put it on was to go to Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865. The Hat at the Smithsonian: After Lincoln's assassination, the War Department preserved his hat and other material left at Ford's Theatre. With permission from Mary Lincoln, the department gave the hat to the Patent Office, which, in 1867, transferred it to the Smithsonian Institution. Joseph Henry, the Secretary of the Smithsonian, ordered his staff not to exhibit the hat "under any circumstance, and not to mention the matter to any one, on account of there being so much excitement at the time." It was immediately placed in a basement storage room. The American public did not see the hat again until 1893, when the Smithsonian lent it to an exhibition hosted by the Lincoln Memorial Association. Today it is one of the Institution's most treasured objects.
71. SIAHLI_090306_439.JPG: Mill's Mask of Lincoln: On February 11, 1865, about two months before his death, Lincoln permitted sculptor Clark Mills to make this life mask of his face. This was the second and last life mask made of Lincoln. The strain of the presidency was written on Abraham Lincoln's face. His secretary, John Hay, remarked on the dramatic difference in Lincoln's two life masks. He noted that the first (displayed earlier in the exhibition) "is a man of fifty-one, and young for his years. . . . It is a face full of life, of energy, of vivid aspiration. . . . .The other is so sad and peaceful in its infinite repose . . . . a look as of one on whom sorrow and care had done their worst without victory is on all the features."
72. SIAHLI_090306_460.JPG: Mary Lincoln: Mary Lincoln never overcame the tragedies she endured. She came out of mourning on only one occasion, at the request of her son Tad for one of his birthdays. The two were almost inseparable until his death, possibly from tuberculosis, in 1871 at age 18. In 1882, at age 63, Mary died in Springfield, Illinois, at the home of her sister. Photograph of Mary Lincoln, taken in 1863 and published in 1865
73. SIAHLI_090306_481.JPG: Mourning Watch Mary Lincoln used this black onyx lapel watch as her personal timepiece for the remainder of her life.
74. SIAHLI_090306_546.JPG: Recruitment Poster Philadelphia's Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Regiments sought to attract African American recruits with this poster in 1863.
75. SIAHLI_090306_582.JPG: Lincoln in Court Abraham Lincoln learned the law by borrowing books and training informally with practicing lawyers. He was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1836 and practiced law there for 25 years. Most of his work involved settling debts, contracts, business disputes, divorces, and some criminal cases. An occasional case would take him to a federal court or the Illinois Supreme Court. While his biggest single client was the Illinois Central Railroad, he was just as likely to oppose railroads in the courtroom as represent them. His practice allowed him to live a comfortable middle-class life and to pursue his political interests.
76. SIAHLI_090306_588.JPG: The Mud Circuit Desk: Many of Lincoln's cases were in central Illinois' Fourteenth Circuit -- known as the "mud circuit" for its poor roads. Stopping at county seats, the circuit judge and a traveling band of lawyers would quickly handle pending cases and disputes and then move on to the next town. Lincoln loved the circuit, the camaraderie, and the courtroom sparring. This wooden desk is from the courthouse in Pekin, Illinois. Lincoln and his fellow circuit lawyers shared the work space as they prepared their cases. Most of the desk is not original -- only the top rail survives from Lincoln's time. Where Lincoln Worked: Sen. Everett Dirksen of Illinois purchased this desk for 10 dollars. As Republican minority leader, Dirksen played a crucial role in helping to write and pass civil rights legislation of the 1960s. It is likely he did some of this work on the same desk once used by Abraham Lincoln. After the senator's death, Mrs. Dirksen donated the desk to the Smithsonian in 1970. "It was his pride and joy. . . ," she wrote. "When he was at home in Pekin, instead of Washington, he would take his work upstairs to his Lincoln desk every evening after supper, rather than working in his downstairs study."
77. SIAHLI_090310_02.JPG: Lincoln's Wedge You can clearly see the letters "AL" engraved in the metal here, indicating it was Lincoln's.
78. SIAHLI_090310_42.JPG: Lincoln's Patent Model
79. SIAHLI_090310_50.JPG: Lincoln's Watch. I was surprised to find the watch missing when I came in this day. There was a huge story behind this though: From http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Lincolns-Pocket-Watch-Reveals-Long-Hidden-Message.html?utm_source=newsletter20090329&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=InsiderMarch2 Lincoln's Pocket Watch Reveals Long-Hidden Message The Smithsonian opens one of its prized artifacts and a story unfolds Beth Py-Lieberman Every living soul can recall with certainty what they were doing when a national tragedy occurs -- the day the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the day in Dallas when John F. Kennedy was assassinated or the events of September 11. Yet, no one alive today can recall the tragic day in 1861 when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter, beginning a terrible and tragic war that divided this nation and changed it forever. This week, a stunning find unveiled a personal record that touched the highest levels of government but remained hidden for nearly a century and a half. On April 13, 1861, Irish immigrant and watchmaker Jonathan Dillon, working for the M.W. Galt and Co. jewelers in Washington, D.C., was repairing President Abraham Lincoln's pocket watch, when he heard of the attack. Forty-five years later, Dillon told the New York Times what he did that day. "I was in the act of screwing on the dial when Mr. Galt announced the news. I unscrewed the dial, and with a sharp instrument wrote on the metal beneath: ‘The first gun is fired. Slavery is dead. Thank God we have a President who at least will try.'" On Tuesday morning, at the National Museum of American History, some 40 reporters and Smithsonian staff witnessed master craftsman and jeweler George Thomas of the Towson Watch Company open Abraham Lincoln's watch to search for Dillon's secret message. Dillon's message was there, but not exactly as he later described it. News of the message inside Lincoln's pocket watch made every local broadcast and the front page of the New York Times. It was a rare moment when a museum, dedicated to the preservation of American history, could be said to be making history. And therein lies a tale. The watchmaker and the President would never meet. And Lincoln would never know that he carried Dillon's secret message in his pocket. Lincoln's watch is a fine gold timepiece that the 16th president purchased in the 1850s from a Springfield, Illinois jeweler. It has been in the safe custody of the Smithsonian Institution since 1958 -- a gift from Lincoln's great-grandson Lincoln Isham. Harry Rubenstein, chief curator of the museum's bicentennial exhibition "Abraham Lincoln: An Extraordinary Life" (on view through 2011), has a fondness for the watch, which today would be the equivalent of a high-end Bulova or Tag Heuer. "When you think about Lincoln especially at this point in his life," Rubenstein says, "his ill-fitting clothes and mussy hair; he doesn't seem to care about his appearance. But in fact, he does care about how people perceive him. One of the status symbols of the 19th century is a gold watch. Lincoln is making a statement. He's carrying a very visible statement of his own success." This story is full of ironies. And so we must pause here to reflect on one. It was February 12, Lincoln's 200th birthday, when the phone on Rubenstein's desk rang. The caller was Douglas Stiles, a 59-year-old attorney and genealogy expert, from Waukegan, Illinois. Stiles is also Dillon's great, great grandson. The evidence was not overwhelming. All that Stiles had to offer was a bit of family lore and a newspaper article written 45 years after the fact. Could the stranger calling convince a museum curator to pull a national icon from display, to bring in an expert craftsman to disassemble the delicate, historical artifact, and to take a huge chance that nothing, in fact, could be there? But, Rubenstein's interest was piqued and the decision was made. "It's sort of amazing," Rubenstein said in an interview last week before the watch was opened, "when you think that two years before the Emancipation Proclamation, Abraham Lincoln is carrying this hopeful message in his pocket, and never knowing it." A month after that initial call, in an elegant museum back room, photographers crowded around jeweler George Thomas who was seated at a makeshift craftsman's bench. As the hour approached, Rubenstein solemnly stepped forward. Lincoln's gold pocket watch was delivered to the bench. Thomas went to work with tiny screwdrivers, tweezers and levers. Stopping occasionally to flex his fingers, he added tension to anticipation. "It will be awhile," he warned, obviously enjoying the drama. Stiles, accompanied by his wife Betsy and his brother Don from Bloomington, Minnesota, took a few deep breaths and readjusted himself in his chair. Finally Thomas, after unscrewing several tiny pins from the watch face, delicately lifted the plate and murmured, "The moment of truth." Douglas Stiles is invited to read his ancestor's inscription: "Jonathan Dillon April 13-1861 Fort Sumpter [sic] was attacked by the rebels on the above date J Dillon April 13-1861 Washington thank God we have a government Jonth Dillon." The message was there. Yet there is no mention of slavery, nor did it say anywhere that Lincoln was the right man for the job. Perhaps Dillon had grander intentions in mind as he hurriedly etched his note into the watch on that fateful day. In the march of time, what human doesn't add a flourish or two? One thing is also clear. Dillon wasn't the only one with presidential pocket watch access. For there alongside the Dillon inscription is yet another -- "LE Grofs Sept 1864 Wash DC." Who would that be? And across one of the brass levers, the name "Jeff Davis" is scrawled. Lincoln's pocket watch got around. Stiles was satisfied. "I feel more in touch with Lincoln," and then with a grin, he adds, "Hey, that's Lincoln's watch and my ancestor put graffiti on it."
80. SIAHLI_090317_02.JPG: Lincoln's Wedge In the early 1830s Lincoln used this iron wedge to split wood in New Salem, Illinois. His initials are chiseled on one side. Initialed in Iron In 1885 workers found this wedge during renovations to a house that once belonged to Mentor Graham in New Salem, Illinois. Graham was a friend of Abraham Lincoln's, and Lincoln gave him the wedge as a token of friendship when he left New Salem to begin his career as a lawyer in Springfield. The initials "A L" appear on one side of the wedge. John Spears, a neighbor, recalled the day Lincoln went to a blacksmith shop and asked to have his initials cut into the wedge. The blacksmith hesitated, claiming he was "no scholar." Lincoln borrowed the tools and marked the wedge himself.
81. SIAHLI_090317_21.JPG: As this print illustrated, Abraham Lincoln was just one candidate among many. Lincoln had been active in Illinois politics for much of his life. He had served many years in the state legislature and one term in the U.S. House of Representatives. In the 1850s he helped establish the Republican Party. He gained national attention for his well-publicized debates with Stephen Douglas in the 1858 Illinois senate campaign and for his 1860 speech at New York City's Cooper Union. Senator William H. Seward of New York was the front-runner among Republicans, but his supporters could not put together a majority of delegates. On the third ballot, Lincoln emerged as the convention's compromise candidate.
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2009 photos: Equipment this year: I mostly used the Fuji S100fs. I've also got a Nikon D90 and a newer Fuji -- the S200EHX -- both of which are nice but I still prefer the flexibility of the Fuji. Trips this year: Niagara Falls, NY, New York City, Civil War Trust conferences in Gettysburg, PA and Springfield, IL, and my 4th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Los Angeles, Yosemite, Death Valley, Kings Canyon, Joshua Tree, etc). Ego strokes: I had a picture of a Lincoln-Obama cupcake sculpture published in Civil War Times and WUSA-9, the local CBS affiliate, ran a quick piece on me. A picture that I took at the annual Abraham Lincoln Symposium appeared in the National Archives' "Prologue" magazine. I became a volunteer with the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Number of photos taken this year: 417,000.
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