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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.
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DEVILS_090729_010.JPG: Why Measure Weather and Water?
Understanding our climate is more important than ever. Climate change and increasing demand for water affect us all. We need more information about regional climate and global warming to plan for the future. To better understand the Sierra Nevada's climate and local effects of global warming, several partners worked together to create this climate monitoring station: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, National Park Service, U.S. Geological Survey, California Department of Water Resources, and California Energy Commission.
Instruments in this station monitor long-term climate trends. Scientists use this information to detect changes in climate that are affecting snowpack, wildlife, vegetation and fire patterns at Devils Postpile.
From Snow to Water:
Air temperature, wind, humidity, and, most importantly, the sun's energy determine how quickly snow melts. Measuring these factors helps to predict when snow will turn to water, forecast flood potential, and manage reservoir levels.
All Snow is Not Created Equal:
"Water content" tells how much water is in the snow. Water content varies with each storm depending on where the storm comes from. For example, many snow storms in the Sierra Nevada originate in moist air over the Pacific Ocean. Snow from these storms holds more water than storms from the drier air over interior Canada. Measuring snow water content helps to protect how much water it will yield as it melts.
Climate Change in the Sierra Nevada:
Global warming is affecting snow levels in the Sierra Nevada. Snow levels are rising and snowmelt starts earlier, leaving less water for later summer and fall.
Air is colder at high altitudes. The higher the altitude, the more likely it is to snow than to rain. High, cold mountains store the snowpack until spring's warmer temperatures start to melt it.
Global warming causes warmer temperatures at all altitudes. As a result, in the mountains, rain falls rather than snow. Snowpack builds up only at higher elevations.
Watering a Thirsty State:
Much of California's water begins as snow falling in these mountains. During winter, snow builds up to for a snowpack. When this melts, it fills streams, nourishes the forest, and provides water for farms and cities downstream. Years of low snowpack, and therefore less water, contribute to stressful conditions for plants, animals and people.
DEVILS_090729_054.JPG: Monitoring device
DEVILS_090729_063.JPG: This is what the postpile looks like from above
DEVILS_090729_228.JPG: Shapes By Fire and Ice:
Molten lava and glacial ice shapes these unusual rock columns. Basaltic lava more than 400 feet deep filled this narrow valley nearly 100,000 years ago. As the lava cooled, cracks formed on the surface to release built-up tension. These cracks formed into hexagons, one of nature's most efficient and stable shapes.
The cracks deepened as the interior cooled to form basaltic columns, During the last ice age, about 20,000 years ago, a glacier exposed this cliff of columns and polished the top surface. The postpile continues to be sculpted by weathering and earthquakes that break and change the formation.
The Devils Postpile formation is one of the finest examples of visible basaltic columns in the world.
When the cracks reached about 10 inches in length, they branched out at 120 degree angles to form hexagons.
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Wikipedia Description: Devils Postpile National Monument
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Devils Postpile is a dark cliff of columnar basalt near Mammoth Mountain in extreme northeastern Madera County in eastern California. The postpile was created by a lava flow sometime between less than 100,000 years ago (according to current potassium-argon dating) to 700,000 years ago (according to other dating methods). The source of the lava is thought to have been somewhere near Upper Soda Springs campground at the north end of Pumice Flat on the floor of the Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River, from where it flowed to the site of the Postpile, was impounded by a moraine, and reached a thickness of 400 feet (newer estimate) to 600 feet (older estimate). In any event, the lava that now makes up the Postpile was near the bottom of this mass.
Because of its great thickness, much of the mass of pooled lava cooled slowly and evenly, which is why the columns are so long and so symmetrical. Columnar jointing occurs when certain types of lava cool; the joints develop when the lava contracts during the cooling process.
A glacier later removed much of this mass of rock and left a nicely polished surface on top of the Postpile with very noticeable glacial striations and glacial polish.
Devils Postpile was once part of Yosemite National Park, but discovery of gold near Mammoth Lakes prompted a boundary change that left the Postpile on adjacent public land. A proposal to build a hydroelectric dam later called for blasting the Postpile into the river. Influential Californians, including Walter L. Huber, persuaded the federal government to stop the demolition and in 1911, President William Howard Taft made the area into a United States National Monument. The John Muir Trail and Pacific Crest Trail pass through the monument.
Basalt column on side
The Postpile's columns average 2 feet (0.61 m) in diameter, the largest being 3.5 feet (1.1 m), and many are up to 60 feet (18 m) long. Together t ...More...
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2009_CA_Inyo: CA -- Inyo National Forest (30 photos from 2009)
2009 photos: Equipment this year: I mostly used the Fuji S100fs. I've also got a Nikon D90 and a newer Fuji -- the S200EHX -- both of which are nice but I still prefer the flexibility of the Fuji.
Trips this year:
Niagara Falls, NY,
New York City,
Civil War Trust conferences in Gettysburg, PA and Springfield, IL, and
my 4th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Los Angeles, Yosemite, Death Valley, Kings Canyon, Joshua Tree, etc).
Ego strokes: I had a picture of a Lincoln-Obama cupcake sculpture published in Civil War Times and WUSA-9, the local CBS affiliate, ran a quick piece on me. A picture that I took at the annual Abraham Lincoln Symposium appeared in the National Archives' "Prologue" magazine. I became a volunteer with the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
Number of photos taken this year: 417,000.
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