BGuthrie Photos: KY -- Perryville

KY -- Perryville:

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[1] PERRYC_081005_007.JPG	[2] PERRYC_081005_011.JPG	[3] PERRYC_081005_014.JPG
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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. PERRYC_081005_058.JPG: Crawford Spring: As Confederate and Union armies converged over to the west the day and night before great Battle of Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862, there was constant fighting for water. Almost unprecedented drought had made water so scarce that troops contended for pools in dry creeks. This spring provided continuous supply to CSA Gen. Bragg's headquarters and troops on this side of river.
2. PERRYC_081005_062.JPG: Crawford House
3. PERRYC_081005_066.JPG: Crawford House: Used by Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg as headquarters during the Battle of Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862. Crawford Spring, back of the house, furnished vital water supply to CSA troops on the drought-stricken battlefield.
4. PERRYC_081005_115.JPG: The City of Perryville: The area that became Perryville was first settled between 1776 and 1780 by a group of Virginians led by James Harbison. The settlement became known as Harbison's Station, and a stockade was built around a cave that exists today behind 403 South Buell Street. Settlers poured into the surrounding region in the decades after Kentucky achieved statehood in 1792. Perryville was incorporated as a city on January 17, 1817. It was named in honor of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, a War of 1812 naval hero and victor of the Battle of Lake Erie. Buell Street (which runs behind you) was originally the city's Main Street, and in the 1830s and 1840s a commercial center called Merchant's Row (today the 300 and 400 blocks of South Beall Street) grew along the Chaplin river. By 1860, Perryville numbered approximately 350 residents. The Battle of Perryville on October 8, 1862, forever changed this small Kentucky town and remains the definitive event in its history. Union and Confederate infantry fought in the streets, and several buildings were struck by artillery fire or burned. Wounded from both sides sought shelter in the city, and Perryville served as a hospital for several months after the engagement. After the war, Perryville's streets were renamed for Union and Confederate generals. Perryville continued to prosper into the 20th Century. Temperance crusader Carrie A. Nation spent her formative years here, and local legend states that the first taverns she broke up were along the South Buell Street. National figures with Perryville ties include Moneta Sleet, Jr., who won a Pulitzer Prize for photography in 1969; singer/songwriter Kendall Hays; singer Eddie Montgomery; and actor George Clooney.
5. PERRYC_081005_116.JPG: "If You Meet the Enemy, Overpower Him": About 4pm on October 8, Colonel Samuel Powell was ordered to move his brigade westward and discover how many Federal troops were stationed west of Perryville. His 1,000-man force dutifully advanced along the Springfield Pike (today USA 140 and 4th Street), and ran headlong into the 22,000 men of Acting Major General Charles C. Gilbert's III Corps. Gilbert's command, idle for most of the day, reacted to this probe with fury and soon sent Powell's men scurrying back into Perryville with Federal troops in hot pursuit. The pursuing Federals belonged to Colonel William P. Carlin's brigade of Brigadier General Robert B. Mitchell's 9th Division. Carlin was an experienced and aggressive officer, and pushed his command forward with vigor. The Confederates realized that the safest course was to retire across the Chaplin River, and Brigadier General Preston Smith's brigade, the last Confederate reserve, hurried forward to cover Powell's withdrawal. Carlin placed 4 cannon of the 2nd Minnesota Battery on a ridge overlooking town (at the site of present-day Perryville Elementary School). The Federal guns shelled the Confederate troops as they tried to cross the river via the covered Second Street Bridge (site of today's modern highway bridge) or the causeway at Third Street (site of today's pedestrian bridge). Confederate batteries on the heights east of town began shelling the Federal guns, and artillery rained all over Perryville. Several structures suffered severe damage in the crossfire, and some buildings near the two bridges (including right where you are standing) caught fire. The Federal infantry then moved into town, led by the 21st Illinois. Carlin's men secured the western part of Perryville, while the Confederates retired eastward. A private in the 1st Arkansas recalled the Federals making "a terrible assault from behind the houses." Mitchell sensed a great opportunity and wanted to occupy Perryville with more troops, but Gilbert intervened and directed the 9th Division to hold back. The Federal high command still believed that Bragg had more men on the field, and Gilbert feared a trap. The opportunity passed, and Carlin pulled most of his forces back to Perryville's western outskirts. Firing continued into the night; in the darkness, 15 Confederate ammunition wagons and 68 men were captured. This action ended the Battle of Perryville. "Advanced, and if you meet the enemy, overpower him." -- Colonel William P. Carlin to Colonel Hans C. Heg, 15th Wisconsin Infantry "The Yankees planted a battery and turned it on the town... when we got to the street [Second Street] the Yankees got our range... The shells came thick and went through many of the houses. We stayed there a few minutes, then they called us to order. We went in double quick time down the street. We got out of town." -- Private Richard Wharton, 154th Veteran Tennessee Infantry
6. PERRYC_081005_120.JPG: Perryville in the Crucible of War: As the Union and Confederate armies deployed around Perryville on October 7 and 8, the city's inhabitants found themselves caught in the middle. Many residents fled the town in haste, taking whatever belongings they could collect. Other civilians endured the battle in cellars or in the cave by the Chaplin River. As far as can be determined, no civilians died during the fighting on October 8, 1862. Bragg's army abandoned Perryville on October 9, retreating northward toward Harrodsburg. Buell's soldiers found it to be a ghost town. The street fighting left significant scars on the city; artilleryman OP Cutter commented that "the buildings, as we passed along, presented the appearance of hard usage from the effects of the battle on Wednesday. Nearly every house was more or less riddled with shot and shell." Another man described the town as "deserted and left desolate by its once happy inhabitants." As Buell's army moved ion in pursuit of the retreating Confederates, legions of wounded and suffering men of both sides moved into town. Almost all buildings became hospitals, and the area was overwhelmed by the several thousand casualties resulting from the fighting. Army surgeons and civilian doctors labored to save who they could, but were hampered by poor supplies, continued drought, and the sheer numbers of wounded. Perryville's Dr JJ Polk housed 10 wounded in his house (331 South Buell Street), and also ministered to 40 more in another location. The suffering and dying lasted until March of 1863. "As the First Kentucky Cavalry was moving to the position assigned in that morning [October 8], we met a number of wagons loaded promiscuously with household goods, apparently thrown in at random, with youths, maidens, and children riding on top of the plunder, getting away from the threatened carnage in the greatest haste possible. The author remembers one handsome maiden in particular -- or at least she would have been handsome if her features had not been so centered with fright -- whose heart-rending screams haunted him for many days." -- Sergeant E. Tarrant, 1st Kentucky Cavalry (US)
7. PERRYC_081005_199.JPG: Karrick-Parks House
8. PERRYC_081005_205.JPG: Karrick-Parks House: Bivouac for Confederate troops on Oct. 7, 1862, night before Battle of Perryville. Karricks ordered to vacate home the next day. Day after the battle they returned to survey damage, found little done. Officers, doctors lived in house for about 6 months. It was built early 1850s, bought in 1856 by James V. Karrick, who came from Shelby Co. Ky.
9. PERRYC_081005_210.JPG: First Settlement of Perryville: The area around this cave was the site of Perryville's original settlement, Harbison's Station. Named for its founder, James Harbison, the station was settled in the 1770s. Harbison and the group of Virginians traveling with him chose this location because the cave housed a natural spring and was situated on the banks of the Chaplin River (to your left rear behind the buildings). A fort was built around the cave for protection, and Harbison's Station soon became a pioneer life in what became western Boyle County. Trouble frequently arose with local Native Americans, and the settlers would flee into the fort and cave to seek shelter. If necessary, both men and women would help defend the fort against attackers. During one raid James Harbison failed to reach the cave in time and was captured and executed. His head was discovered about a mile from the fort. A Perryville resident later recalled that Harbison's wife "took the head and managed to keep it in a complete state of preservation for many years." As more people moved west, Harbison's Station grew into a small town, which was renamed and incorporated as Perryville in 1817. The cave remained a popular site for social events. Stone walls were installed around the mouth in the middle of the 19th Century to prevent erosion, and were reconstructed in 2007 by the Perryville Enhancement Project. "The cave... was where most of Perryvillians obtained their drinking water. The stream was much larger then than it is now." -- Perryville resident Lora Parks, from a memoir
10. PERRYC_081005_214.JPG: The Perryville spring
11. PERRYC_081005_270.JPG: Someone said this had been the apothecary shop
12. PERRYC_081005_282.JPG: The Battle of Perryville: (old metal sign) The battle which climaxed the major Confederate invasion of Kentucky was fought on these hills west of Perryville. A sharp clash occurred on October 7 in order to gain possession of the only water supply in the vicinity. The opposing armies took their positions along a north-south battle line three miles in length. This park is located at the northern end of the battle line and it was here, at 2 o'clock on the afternoon of October 8, 1862, that a fierce charge from the Confederate right wing by General John A. Wharton's cavalry marked the beginning of the battle. This initial charge is depicted in the painting before you. [Which wasn't at the site anymore.] After the gray cavalrymen had opened the way, the entire Confederate right wing charged up this very hill against the Union extreme left wing. Confederate casualties were heavy as they crossed a rail fence into the open field and into the heavy firing from Lieutenant Charles C. Parson's battery of eight guns on the hill. Even so, the impetuous Confederate charge was too much for the Union troops and they were forced to retreat. During this time, the fighting had become general along the entire line. By nightfall when the fighting ceased, the advantage seemed to be in favor of the Confederates. Of the 16,000 Confederates engaged, 1,822 casualties were sustained. The Federals, who had used only 22,000 of their 61,000 men, had sustained a loss of 4,241. General Buell had expected the battle result the following morning. However, General Bragg, realizing that he was greatly outnumbered, began a midnight retreat to Harrodsburg. After waiting four days to reorganize, the Union Army pursued General Bragg but allowed the Confederate Army to escape and finally withdraw into Tennessee from Kentucky through Cumberland Gap. Thus, the Battle of Perryville ended the major Confederate invasion of Kentucky.
13. PERRYC_081005_286.JPG: Bragg's Invasion of Kentucky: (old metal sign): The Confederate Army's advance into Kentucky in 1862 was initiated to relieve Tennessee of Union control, to align the help of dissatisfied Kentuckians and to gain access to the rich supplies Kentucky offered. General Kirby Smith entered southeastern Kentucky advancing toward Louisville. General Braxton Bragg advanced northwestward to join General Smith at Louisville. General Bragg by vacillation lost the opportunity of capturing Louisville or of defeating General Don Carlos Buell's Union Army as it hurried northward to protect that city. General Buell occupied Louisville, reorganized his army, then marched toward Bardstown October 1 to locate General Bragg. Laboring under the delusion that the Union force would strike near Versailles, General Bragg withdrew from Bardstown on October 3. The route was by way of Perryville. It was here the powerful northern army caught General Bragg's army and forced a stand.
Wikipedia Description: Perryville, Kentucky
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Perryville is a historical city in western Boyle County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 763 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History:

The precursor to modern-day Perryville was known as Harbeson's Station, a fort settled alongside the Chaplin River during the final stages of the American Revolution. This fort, founded by James Harbeson and a group of settlers from Virginia, was strategically built next to a cave and water spring. When troubles with local Indians arose, they would flee across the water and into the cave to seek shelter from attack. The cave, which can still be viewed today, formed the settlers' first line of defense.

Prospering as a farming community for decades, shortly after the War of 1812 two men named Edward Bullock and William Hall organized plans to build a village along the river, mere yards from the spot of the original fort. Bullock and Hall decided to name the village Perryville in honor of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, hero of the naval battle on Lake Erie. In the late 1830s, a line of buildings built next to the Chaplin River, formed the basis of the village of Perryville. Now called "Merchants' Row," these buildings still stand today.

The early nineteenth century brought a revised interest in classical education for the small town. Many institutions of higher learning, mainly consisting of all-women's colleges, were established, including the Ewing Institute, the Elmwood Academy, and Harmonia College. At least one of Harmonia College's graduates achieved national prominence--Carrie Nation, the national temperance leader, boarded at the Karrick-Parks house while living in Perryville. As Nation "cleaned out" a number of local spots, it is believed that Perryville became the first location in the United States to exercise Local Option laws.

In October, 1862, the fields west of town were the site of the Battle of Perryville, an important encounter in the American Civil War that ended the Kentucky Campaign of Confederate generals Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith. The battleground of the Battle of Perryville is preserved as a state park, and is the site of an American Civil War reenactment of the battle every year.

In 1961, Perryville and the surrounding area was made part of a National Historic Landmark area. In 1973, the entire town of Perryville, because of the contribution the village has made toward American history, was put on the National Register of Historic Places.
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