BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Newseum -- Exhibits -- (C) G-Men and Journalists

DC -- Newseum -- Exhibits -- (C) G-Men and Journalists:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. NEWSG_080621_038.JPG: Hoover's Inner Sanctum: Displayed here are the desk, chair and office accessories that J. Edgar Hoover used during his career as the director of the FBI. Visitors to Hoover's office ranged from the famous -- politicians and celebrities -- to ordinary citizens, such as students invited for photo opportunities and agents called in for praise or rebuke. As The New York Times reported, "In the office... Mr. Hoover never circulated; people came to him. He sat amid flags behind a raised, polished mahogany desk at the end of a 35-foot office. Visitors, if they sat, sank into deep leather chairs and inevitably looked up to the throned director." -- Loan, the J. Edgar Hoover Foundation
2. NEWSG_080621_054.JPG: G-Men and Journalists: Top News Stories of the FBI's First Century: Bank robbers and kidnappers. Gangsters and mobsters. Spies and terrorists. Crimes that launched screaming headlines are the cased that built the nation's premier crime-fighting force -- the Federal Bureau of Investigation. J. Edgar Hoover and his "G-men" rode high on the American horizon beginning in the 1930s, nabbing gangsters, thwarting Nazis and catching spies. Since its debut as a "special agent force" in 1908, the FBI had brought tens of thousand of criminals to justice, from John Dillinger to Nazi spies, from Waco to the Unabomber. The press was crucial to the creation of the FBI's carefully crafted image -- trained agents using scientific methods to stamp out crime. The FBI needed public support, and the press helped them get it. In turn, the news media used sensation crime stories to stoke sales. The FBI worked with journalists and Hollywood to produce chest-thumping stories that riveted the nation. The FBI's exploits became legendary. But the FBI's law enforcement responsibilities and the news media's role as a watchdog also put them at odds. Both say the other sometimes overstepped its bounds. With the cultural and political shifts of the 1960s -- characterized by a mistrust of government -- that tension increased. Journalists chronicled stories of FBI abused that tarnished the bureau's reputation. In the post-9/11 era, balancing national security and civil liberties has added new complexities. This exhibit showcases top news stories from the FBI's first 100 years and explores the sometimes cooperative, sometimes combative relationship between the FBI and the press.
3. NEWSG_080621_061.JPG: The FBI in Pop Culture display case
4. NEWSG_080621_066.JPG: Courage and Crime-Fighting display
5. NEWSG_080621_075.JPG: Thomas Harris interviewed Robert Ressler and John Douglas before writing his book, "The Silence of the Lambs." Here are business cards for the "Silence of the Lambs" movie characters Jack Crawford, played by Scott Glenn, and Clarice Starling, portrayed by Jodie Foster. -- Loan, Mark E. Safarik, FBI profiler, retired
6. NEWSG_080621_081.JPG: Robert Ressler interviewed jailed serial killer John Wayne Gacy to learn more about the criminal mind. Gacy sent him the above letter. Before his capture, Gacy entertained children by dressing as a clown. He sent Ressler a portrait he painted of himself as a clown and wrote a message on the back of the painting. -- Loan, Robert K. Ressler, criminologist
7. NEWSG_080621_097.JPG: Saddam Hussein relied on FBI agent George Piro for everything while in custody, even matters as basic as the time. Piro wore this watch while interrogating Hussein. Above right is a patch issued to Piro's team in Iraq. The poem was handwritten by Hussein. He gave it Piro to thank him for sharing some homemade cookies on Hussein's birthday. -- Loan, George L. Piro
8. NEWSG_080621_107.JPG: Don't Shoot, G-Men! Gangster Crime Wave of the 1930s: "He saw me give a signal to my men to close in... and was drawing the .38-caliber pistol he carried concealed when two of the agents let him have it." -- FBI agent Melvin Purvis, describing John Dillinger's demise No case had a greater impact on J. Edgar Hoover's FBI than the pursuit of Public Enemy No. 1 -- bank robber John Dillinger. Hoover's obsession with Dillinger began after his jailbreak in 1934. Just a year earlier, the federal government had launched a "war on crime" after four lawmen -- including FBI Special Agent Raymond J. Caffrey -- died in a Kansas City shootout. Depression-weary Americans were captivated by newspaper tales of Dillinger and other gangsters, including "Machine Gun" Kelly, "Baby Face" Nelson, and "Pretty Boy" Floyd. Dillinger was the best-known of the group, possessing a roguish charm that gave him almost folk-hero status. His daring exploits robbing banks, dodging the law and breaking out of jail -- twice -- captured headlines for months. Despite FBI mistakes and inexperience, agents learned from their errors and brought down the criminals one by one. Gunning down Dillinger outside Chicago's Biograph movie theater was a climactic triumph for the FBI -- and Hoover's biggest public relations coup. Dillinger's demise was front-page news across the nation, often accompanied by lurid photos. In the end, the "war on crime" took a heavy toll on the FBI: Four agents were killed in shootouts with gangsters.
9. NEWSG_080621_111.JPG: The Face of Death: John Dillinger's death mask, below, for years was kept in a cabinet outside Hoover's office as a reminder of one of the FBI's greatest triumphs. -- Loan, FBI tour
10. NEWSG_080621_118.JPG: Armed and Dangerous: John Dillinger was carrying this Colt .380 pistol, below, the night he was killed. The larger Colt .45-caliber was also in his arsenal. -- Loan, FBI tour
11. NEWSG_080621_132.JPG: Getting The Godfather: The FBI and Organized Crime: "Had they discovered that I was an undercover FBI agent, they would have put two in my head and chopped me into ground beef." -- Undercover FBI agent Joe Pistone, aka Donnie Brasco In 1963, mobster-turned-FBI informant Joseph Valachi testified at a Senate hearing about inside details of a secret criminal group known as La Cosa Nostra. Valachi's chilling testimony put the FBI in the forefront of a war on "organized crime." FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover had played down the importance of organized crime, but the mob's influence became apparent when police discovered a secret meeting of gang leaders from across the country in New York in 1957. From the 1970s on, the FBI took down hundreds of organized crime figures and put crime kingpins behind bars, using legal wiretaps, informants, undercover work and racketeering laws. Some of the FBI's headline-grabbing cases: - Joseph Pistone in 1976 became the first FBI agent to infiltrate organized crime. His work helped convict more than 100 criminals. - Armed with the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, which allowed the use of wiretap evidence, the FBI arrested the bosses of New York's five major crime families in the Mafia Commission case. In 1987, each of the bosses was sentenced to 100 years. - In 1984, FBI agents broke up the "Pizza Connection," an international heroin ring operated through pizza parlors in the United States. - Members of the Genovese, Gambino and Bonacco crime families were indicted in the 1990s and as recently as 2008.
12. NEWSG_080621_136.JPG: Showing Their Support: Union sympathizers had caps such as this one made in support of gangster John Gotti. -- Loan, FBI Tour
13. NEWSG_080621_143.JPG: Going Undercover: Below left, a credit card bearing Joseph Pistone's alias "Donald Brasco," a driver's license issued to Pistone under the alias "Donald Zisa" and a watch and club card he used while undercover. -- Loan, Joseph D. Pistone
14. NEWSG_080621_151.JPG: Secret Agent: In 1976, FBI agent Joseph Pistone was given what would become the longest -- and likely the most dangerous -- undercover assignment in FBI history. Posing as a jewel thief under the alias of Donnie Brasco, Pistone infiltrated two New York Mafia families. He lived in the underworld of organized crime for six years. At times he was ordered to perform contract killings; the FBI helped the targets "disappear" to protect his cover. Information obtained by Pistone convicted more than 100 mobsters and helped break such cases as the infamous "Pizza Connection" heroin ring. When Pistone's identify finally was revealed, mob chieftains put a $500,000 bounty on his head. To this day he uses aliases, avoids being photographed and often wears disguises.
15. NEWSG_080621_154.JPG: The Media Mobster: Unlike other "wiseguys," mob kingpin John Gotti courted media attention. "He was the first media don," said former FBI agent J. Bruce Mouw, who helped convict him. "He never tried to hide the fact that he was a superboss." Headline writers dubbed him "Dapper Don" for his custom-made clothes or "Teflon Don" because criminal charges rarely stuck. The celebrity gangster's saga played out on the front pages of New York's tabloids. "He used the media to speak to his audience, and the media used him to win one," wrote former New York Daily News reporters Gene Mustain and Jerry Capeci. The FBI planted "bugs" inside a social club that was Gotti's headquarters and set up video surveillance of the mobsters' neighborhood "walk-talks." In court, FBI tapes exposed Gotti as a coarse and brutal thug. Convicted of murder and other felonies, he died in prison in 2002.
16. NEWSG_080621_162.JPG: Spy Catchers: Fighting Espionage From The Rosenbergs to Hanssen: Counterespionage successes after World War II enhanced the FBI's image. The bureau was seen as America's protector, ferreting out the likes of A-bomb spies Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and elusive Soviet operative Rudolf Abel. Using a combination of modern surveillance and old-fashioned detective work to pursue spies through the Cold War years, FBI agents recruited double agents, posed as KGB agents, intercepted and decoded secret writing and documents, set up stings, planted listening devices, peered through telephoto lenses and sifted through garbage to get their man -- or woman. The bureau's spy-smashing success peaked in 1985 -- dubbed "the year of the spy" -- with 12 high-profile arrests, including the four-member John Walker ring. In contrast to Cold War-era spies, many of these operatives weren't driven by ideology but by greed. In 2001, the bureau suffered embarrassment when it arrested one of its own, agent Robert Hanssen. For roughly 10 years he actively sold secrets to the Soviet Union and Russia.
17. NEWSG_080621_176.JPG: Trick Coin: This hollow nickel was linked to the Soviet agent who helped the FBI capture Rudolf Abel. -- Loan, FBI Tour
18. NEWSG_080621_193.JPG: Clue for a 'Drop': This crumbled 7UP can, appearing to be nothing more than roadside litter, was a device John Walker used to signal that documents had been left for the Soviets. -- Loan, FBI Tour
19. NEWSG_080621_199.JPG: Wig and Weapon: Below, the pistol John Walker carried and his hairpiece, which was dislodged during his arrest in a Maryland motel. -- Loan, FBI Tour
20. NEWSG_080621_205.JPG: John Walker, Jr.: A U.S. Navy radio specialist, John Walker Jr. began spying for the Soviet Union in 1968. Over 18 years he received about $1 million, luring his brother, son and a fellow sailor into what is known as the Walker spy ring. A tip from Walker's ex-wife in 1984 led to a major FBI investigation and a wiretap. Hearing Walker talk about an upcoming trip, the FBI became suspicious that an exchange of secrets was imminent. An alert went out, and 20 FBI cars and a plane tailed Walker as he drove through suburban Washington D.C. At one stop, he left a brown paper bag near a tree. Inside the bag, FBI agents found 129 classified documents. They later arrested Walker at a nearby hotel. All of the spy ring members were sentenced to prison.
21. NEWSG_080621_208.JPG: Rudolf Abel: In 1953, a Brooklyn Eagle newsboy making his collections was given a nickel in change that turned out to be hollow. Inside was a coded message that police turned over to the FBI. But it wasn't until a Soviet spy defected four years later that the FBI was able to unravel the mystery -- ultimately leading to a top-ranking espionage agent in the United States: Col. Rudolf Abel of the KGB, the Russian intelligence agency. Although the defector did not know Abel's true identity, FBI agents pieced together the details he gave and tracked down Abel. He was arrested and imprisoned. In 1962, he was exchanged for captured American U-2 spy pilot Francis Gary Powers.
22. NEWSG_080621_211.JPG: Robert Hannsen artifacts
23. NEWSG_080621_216.JPG: Robert Hanssen: FBI agent Robert Hanssen spied for the Soviets on and off for 10 years, both for money and to feed his ego. He was paid more than $600,000 in cash and diamonds and was promised even more. But the bureau says the value of the secrets he gave up far surpassed his take. In 2000, a Russian source gave the FBI an audiotape that implicated Hanssen as a spy. Under constant surveillance, Hanssen led agents to a "dead drop" in Virginia, where he was arrested. The nature and volume of information he passed to the Soviets made him one of the most damaging spies in U.S. history. Three Russian informants for U.S. intelligence were executed as a result of his treachery. Hanssen is serving a life term.
24. NEWSG_080621_221.JPG: Drop Bags: Soviet agents and Robert Hannsen used plastic tags to exchange documents and payments at secret locations. The two bags on the right contained a $50,000 payment to Hanssen. -- Loan, FBI Tour
25. NEWSG_080621_227.JPG: Mississippi Burning
26. NEWSG_080621_231.JPG: "The Worst Horror on Earth" -- a racist flier discussing how bad the world would be if blacks and whites married.
27. NEWSG_080621_235.JPG: Mississippi Burning: The FBI and the Civil Rights Movement: The FBI investigated some racial crimes in the South in the 1950s and '60s, but local prosecutors often failed to bring the cases to trial, and juries were reluctant to convict. The lack of convictions led to the perception that the FBI ignored civil rights issues. The summer of 1964 changed everything. As the Civil Rights Act moved toward passage, volunteers flooded into the South to register black voters -- fueling racial tensions. In June, three young voter-registration workers disappeared in Neshoba County, Miss. In a show of federal force, President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered J. Edgar Hoover to send scores of agents to the state. In July, Hoover went to the state's capital, Jackson, to open the only FBI field office in the state. The FBI called the case "Mississippi Burning," a reference to the men's burned-out station wagon, discovered days after they disappeared. In August, their bodies were found. FBI agents infiltrated the Ku Klux Klan and, with tips from Klan informants, solved the case. Seven men were convicted in 1967. Years later, pressure from civil rights advocates, the FBI's pursuit of cold cases and stories by crusading journalists led to the Klan ringleader's conviction in 2005.
28. NEWSG_080621_239.JPG: Hoover Harasses King: J. Edgar Hoover despised the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. He believed that the civil rights movement was subject to communist influences and that King had to be replaced. The FBI attempted to destroy King's reputation and tried to get the press to help. FBI tactics included sending tapes of King in compromising situations to King's wife. Agents also approached publications such as Newsweek, the Chicago Daily News, the Los Angeles Times and Washington's Evening Star. Editors did not cooperate -- but neither did they expose Hoover's scheming. Even the segregationist Augusta (Ga.) Chronicle would not go along. Editor Louis Harris told a colleague at the time: "If you print it about [King], you can print it about any man." Risky Assessment: The South of the 1960s could be a dangerous place for both FBI agents and journalists. "You always carried a gun. You always went placed with another agent. You never went anywhere alone," said FBI agent John Martin, assigned to Mississippi in 1964. Agents lived with "constant fear, not knowing when a firebomb was going to come through the window," recalled FBI agent Jim Ingram, who also worked in Mississippi. Reporters were threatened, too. NBC News reporter Richard Valerinai was hit on the head with an ax handle in Alabama. John Herbers of the New York Times was threatened in Florida by locals who mistook him for an FBI agent. Alex Wilson of the Tri-State Defender in Memphis was beaten in Arkansas. New York Times reporter Claude Sitton found Mississippi most hostile: "In Alabama, they might beat the hell out of you; in Mississippi, they'd be very nice about it, but they'd just kill you."
29. NEWSG_080621_244.JPG: Trial Model: For trial use, the FBI created this full-size mock-up of the rear of the Chevrolet Caprice used by the snipers. It was used to demonstrate how the pair could shoot passers-by undetected from the trunk. -- Loan, FBI Tour
30. NEWSG_080621_262.JPG: The Money Was in the Can: Police found $1,000 in ransom money stashed in this can in Bruno Hauptmann's garage. -- Loan, New Jersey State Police Museum & Learning Center
31. NEWSG_080621_270.JPG: Electric Chair: Bruno Hauptmann died in this walnut chair on April 3, 1936, in the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton. He denied his guilt to the end. -- Loan, New Jersey State Police Museum & Learning Center
32. NEWSG_080621_277.JPG: The AP: Scoops and Slips: The Associated Press led the coverage of the kidnapping and trial with its dogged reporting. AP reporter Samuel Blackman broke the news of the kidnapping. Frank Jamieson, who was the first to report that the child's body had been found, earned a Pulitzer Prize in 1933 for his coverage of the search. But the AP's zeal in covering the trial led to a blunder in 1935. Its Newark, N.J., bureau, eager to be first with the verdict in Hauptmann's trial, gave a reporter in the courtroom a concealed radio. When the verdict came, the reporter was to signal a nearby operative, who would transmit a nationwide flash on the AP's wire. For reasons unknown, an incorrect signal was received. The AP erroneously reported Hauptmann would get life in prison. The jury had decreed death.
33. NEWSG_080621_280.JPG: "Trial of the Century" Bruno Hauptmann's trial was the media event of 1935. It was a spectacle of gawkers and glitz, a carnival of the cultured and the curious, a magnet for journalists of every stripe. Among them were New York Daily Mirror reporter Damon Runyon, New Yorker columnist Alexander Woollcott and New York Daily Mirror gossip columnist Walter Winchell. Today, many believe that Hauptmann did not act alone, though he was the only person brought to trial. Intense publicity allowed the prosecution and jury to overlook the shakiness of some of the evidence and fueled endless suspicions about the case.
34. NEWSG_080621_285.JPG: Salt Box, Sponge Box, Bucket: A sponge, moistened with salt water to better conduct electric current, was placed in the skullcap. Electrodes and Skullcap: Wet electrodes were attached to Hauptmann's head and right leg. After 2,000 volts of electricity were applied, "A wisp of smoke came through Hauptmann's shaven head," reported the Newark Ledger. Gloves: The gloves were thought to have been used by the person attaching electrodes to Hauptmann. -- All artifacts: Loan, New Jersey State Police Museum & Learning Center
35. NEWSG_080621_288.JPG: The FBI Enters the Case: As the first superintendent of the New Jersey State Police, Col. H. Norman Schwarzkopf built the law enforcement was his department's biggest case, and Schwarzkopf (father of the Gulf War commander) chafed when the FBI entered the investigation. He refused to give the FBI access to his files. J. Edgar Hoover derided the state policy investigation and told his agents not to share information. Interagency sniping was rampant. In the end, the case was a public relations coup for Hoover. He raced to New York in time to grab credit for Bruno Hauptmann's arrest, garnering headlines that hailed the FBI for the capture.
36. NEWSG_080621_291.JPG: Ladder Used In Trial: For the trial, the New Jersey State Police constructed this replica of the ladder believed to have been used in the kidnapping. The ladder was found on a path near the Lindbergh home on the night of the kidnapping. To created the crime scene, left, investigators placed the ladder under the nursery window. -- Ladder: Loan, New Jersey State Police & Learning Center
37. NEWSG_080621_296.JPG: The Crime of the Century: The Lindbergh Kidnapping: The world was shocked in 1932 when the 20-month-old son of American aviation hero Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped in New Jersey. A go-between communicated with the kidnapper via newspaper ads, and the Lindbergh's paid a $50,000 ransom. Soon after, the child's body was found. The Bureau of Investigation -- precursor of the FBI -- then entered the case at the order of President Herbert Hoover. In 1934, carpenter Bruno Richard Hauptmann was arrested for what newspapers trumpeted as "the crime of the century." The trial was a media circus, with as many as 500 journalists sensationally chronicling a courtroom drama that drew celebrities and the curious. Unauthorized newsreels and photos appeared, leading most states to ban cameras in court. The New Jersey State Police led the investigation. But the role of J. Edgar Hoover's men often was magnified in press reports -- even though it was the FBI's handwriting analyses that helped secure Hauptmann's conviction in 1935. In the end, Hauptmann was executed, and kidnapping became a federal crime. The case enhanced both the FBI's reach and its reputation.
38. NEWSG_080621_310.JPG: Kidnapped: Patty Hearst and the SLA: The 1974 kidnapping of 19-year-old newspaper heiress Patty Hearst from her Berkeley, Calif. apartment stymied the FBI. Its resources already strained by radical violence and a series of racial killings in the Bay Area, the bureau also lacked informants in the counterculture community. Hearst's kidnappers, the Symbionese Liberation Army, raped here and kept her in a closet for 57 days. Then she publicly declared that she had joined the group -- a stunning turn that made a huge media story even bigger. The media-savvy SLA eagerly fed the press's hunger for more news. In the ensuing months, Hearst and her comrades robbed banks, stole cars and crisscrossed the country. Still, the FBI couldn't find her. A tip from a relative of an SLA supporter, fingerprints found in a Pennsylvania farmhouse and a young FBI agent's deduction led agents on a circuitous trail that ended at a San Francisco safe house, where Hearst was arrested 19 months after her kidnapping. Although she said that she only joined the SLA because she feared for her life, Hearst was convicted of bank robbery and served 22 months of a seven-year sentence. She later was pardoned.
39. NEWSG_080621_314.JPG: Suitable for a Bank Robbery: Patty Hearst carried this cut-down M-1 carbine and wore this coat in the SLA robbery of the Hibernia Bank in San Francisco in April 1974. A bank surveillance camera caught the image of her at right. The monkey necklace displaced here was given to Hearst by SLA member Willie Wolfe. It was found in her purse when she was arrested. -- Artifacts: Loan, FBI Tour
40. NEWSG_080621_323.JPG: Two Sides of Hearst: While with the SLA, Hearst used this fake ID card bearing the name "Sue Hendricks." -- Loan, FBI Tour
41. NEWSG_080621_332.JPG: Real-Time Shootout: In May 1974, police and FBI agents surrounded a Los Angeles house occupied by SLA members. After a fierce gun battle, the house burned to the ground. Initial media reports said five SLA members died in the fire, including the group's leader. Later, a sixth member's body was discovered in the debris. In an era when live telecasts were relatively rare, the standoff was carried live on national television. Millions watched the raid, including Patty Hearst, who was holed up in an area motel. Hearst remained at large for more than a year, until the FBI captured her in a San Francisco safe house.
42. NEWSG_080621_339.JPG: A Mad Bomber and His Manifesto: Unabomber: For 17 years, an elusive criminal sent homemade bombs that targeted universities, airlines and computer stores, killing three people and injuring 23 others. The FBI branded him "Unabomber" -- shorthand for his early targets: universities and airlines. Despite an investigation that spanned eight states and involved about 500 agents, the FBI was flummoxed. Then, in 1995, a turning point: The suspect mailed a 35,000-word anti-technology treatise (more than 60 single-spaced pages) to The New York Times and The Washington Post. If it was published, he vowed, he would "desist from terrorism." The FBI urged the newspapers to comply, hoping someone would recognize themes in the document. After much debate, the Post printed the manifesto; the Times shared the costs. Months later, the much-hoped-for tip arrived -- from the bomber's brother -- eventually leading to a small cabin in the wilds of Montana. There, a troubled genius, Theodore Kaczynski, was arrested, bringing an end to the Unabomber's reign of terror.
43. NEWSG_080621_344.JPG: Page from the Unabomber's diatribe
44. NEWSG_080621_351.JPG: Long Arm of the Media: In Europe, the English-language International Herald Tribute published excerpts of the Unabomber's manifesto. An American on sabbatical in Paris read them and later commented to her husband that the ideas expressed sounded like those of her husband's reclusive brother, Theodore Kaczynski's earlier writings -- and in some cases, exact phrases -- to the Unabomber's treatise.
45. NEWSG_080621_353.JPG: Handmade by a Killer: Theodore Kaczynski made all the bombs he used. This FBI courtroom replica is a model of the bomb that killed ad executive Thomas J. Mosser. -- Loan, FBI Tour
46. NEWSG_080621_361.JPG: Deadly Craftsman: Using only hand tools, Kaczynski fashioned this working pistol out of wood and metal, but it was never fired. -- Loan, FBI Tour
47. NEWSG_080621_367.JPG: An Elusive Bomber: The Unabomber cleverly eluded the FBI for more than 17 years. He donned disguises, planted false clues and traveled the country on buses to plant his deadly packages. The FBI offered an unprecedented $1 million reward in 1993, eliciting tens of thousands of calls over the next two years. When Terry Turchie took over the FBI's Unabomber task force in 1994. "There was a consensus that the case was not solvable." Turchie peeled the investigation back to the beginning and brought in behavior specialists, who proved critical to making the case when a relative's tip made Theodore Kaczynski a prime suspect. As signs began pointing to Kaczynski, in a remote Montana cabin. CBS and other news organizations were closing in on the story as well. The FBI, fearing that a news story would jeopardize its plans, asked CBS News anchor Dan Rather to hold the story. CBS compiled, and agents arrested Kaczynski soon after. Inside the cabin they found his last bomb -- ready to mail.
48. NEWSG_080621_368.JPG: Inside the Unabomber's Cabin: Theodore Kaczynski lived an austere life -- no running water, no indoor plumbing -- in this 10-by-12-foot-cabin in rural Montana for 20 years. At far left is the workbench where bomb-making books and equipment were found. A hooded jacket similar to the one in the famous FBI sketch of the Unabomber hangs on the wall in the second image from the left. Below left is the wood stove he used for heat, and shelves of supplies. Below is his bed, with oil and dirt stains that outline Kaczynski's body in repose. Under the bed, FBI agents found a bomb, ready to be sent. In a loft area, right, they found the typewriter he used to write his manifesto.
49. NEWSG_080621_379.JPG: Unabomber cabin
50. NEWSG_080621_386.JPG: America's Protectors: The FBI Snares Nazis: World War II made Americans fearful of an enemy attack. The FBI was authorized under presidential authority and federal law to investigate espionage, sabotage and other subversive activities. After a long investigation, the bureau broke up the "Duquesne" German spy ring, the biggest spy bust in history. Then, in June 1942, six months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Nazi Germany landed two teams of saboteurs on U.S. soil. Their mission: launch a "wave of terror" against industrial targets. One team of saboteurs was spotted by a Coast Guardsmen, and the FBI soon was on the case. J. Edgar Hoover kept the information from the public while the investigation was under way, wanting no one -- especially the Germans -- to know that saboteurs had been able to come ashore unchallenged. Then, before any acts of sabotage took place, one of the Nazis turned himself in, leading the FBI to his seven accomplices. Hoover announced their capture, not mentioning the German turncoat or the Coast Guard's role. The eight Germans were tried and convicted in secret by a military tribunal. The press was barred from the trial under orders from President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Judgment was swift: The saboteurs landed in June, went on trial in July and all but two were executed in August.
51. NEWSG_080621_391.JPG: Duquesne Spy Ring: In 1941, months before Nazi saboteurs landed, FBI agents captured Frederick ("Fritz") Duquesne, the leader of one of the biggest spy rings in U.S. history. Aided by double agent William Sebold, the FBI conducted a lengthy investigation of the Nazi spy ring. FBI agents ran a shortwave radio transmitting station on Long Island to monitor what German officials were sending to their spies in the United States. In all, the FBI arrested 33 men and women; they were sentenced to a total of ore than 300 years in prison. Hoover called it the greatest spy roundup in U.S. history and used glowing press accounts to boost his power.
52. NEWSG_080621_398.JPG: German spy's hat (reproduction)
53. NEWSG_080621_401.JPG: Desk from Tribunal: This desk was one of two used at the 1942 military trial of the Nazi saboteurs in the Justice Department building in Washington D.C. One of the desks can be seen in the court photographs, above and at right. -- Loan, FBI Tour
54. NEWSG_080621_414.JPG: Crossing the Line: FBI Tactics Under Fire: The FBI launched an operation in 1956 known as COINTELPRO (for counterintelligence program), which was designed to disrupt radical groups and "neutralize" individuals deemed to be threats to domestic security. Over a 15-year period, the program targeted the Communist Party, white hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, and radical civil rights and anti-war groups. Under the program, the bureau leaked negative material to reporters, sent damaging anonymous letters, spread misinformation and engaged in harassment, extortion and burglary. The FBI defended its tactics and necessary against "violence-prone groups whose publicly announced goal was to bring America to its knees," but later conceded it had "crossed the line." First to put a national spotlight on the operation was NBC report Carl Stern. Documents leaked to Stern in 1971 led him to file Freedom of Information lawsuits for more information. His reports unleashed media attention, followed by congressional hearings. Hearings disclosed that the operation had targeted not just radical groups, but those who were merely politically active. "Many of the techniques used would be intolerable in a democratic society even if all of the targets had been involved in violent activity," a Senate committee chaired by Idaho Democrat Frank Church concluded. "But COINTELPRO went far beyond this." Director J. Edgar Hoover ended the program in 1971, but in the post-Vietnam War era, marked by growing mistrust of the government, the revelations badly damaged the FBI's reputation. Responding to scrutiny, the FBI later established new standards for domestic counterintelligence investigations.
55. NEWSG_080621_450.JPG: Prize Reporting: Carl Stern won this Peabody Award in 1974 for his reporting of the COINTELPRO story. -- Loan, Carl Stern
56. NEWSG_080621_453.JPG: Hoover's Files: Under J. Edgar Hoover, the FBI kept files on the powerful, the popular and the crooked. Most files related to criminal enforcement or national security issues. Frank Sinatra had a file because of his links to organized crime. John Lennon had one about drug charges in England and his leftist political leanings. Katharine Hepburn had one because of her support of a left-wing 1948 presidential candidate. But the director kept some of the most sensitive files in his private office suite. Critics said Hoover collected some of these "O&C" files (Official and Confidential) containing derogatory information to curry favor or to blackmail opponents. When they were released after Hoover's death, Time magazine reported that "they were crammed with salacious tidbits about the private manner and morals of politicians and other public figures, ready to be used or not used at the director's discretion." The FBI maintains that Hoover "wanted to closely hold highly sensitive information that, if leaked, could destroy cases, careers and reputations both inside and outside the bureau." Prominent people with O&C files included: - Journalist Joseph Alsop: Soviet intelligence tried to recruit him, threatening to expose him as a homosexual. - President John F. Kennedy: His name appears in file related to the investigation of suspect German spy Inga Arvad, with whom he reportedly had an affair. - Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.: He was placed under electronic surveillance and attempts were made to smear him because Hoover disliked him and feared that the civil rights movement could be influenced by Communists. His widow, Coretta Scott King, was monitored after her husband's assassination.
57. NEWSG_080621_461.JPG: Disaster in Waco: Branch Davidian Siege: "Were we prepared for Waco? I don't think any agency in the world was prepared for what we faced." -- FBI negotiator Byron Sage The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms raided a religious sect's compound outside Waco, Texas, in February 1993, searching for illegal weapons. The raid went bad: Four ATF agents were killed. The FBI was brought in. But the leader of the Branch Davidians, David Koresh, refused to surrender. Most of the followed stayed with him, and an ensuing 51-day standoff turned into an international media event. FBI negotiators talked for weeks with Koresh to little avail. Under political and media pressure, the FBI was authorized by U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno to use tear gas in an effort to end the standoff. Fires broke out; audiotapes later revealed they had been set by the Davidians. The conflagration was televised live. In all, 80 Davidians died, including 25 children. News reports questioned the FBI's tactics, suggesting that FBI agents caused the inferno and fired shots into the compound. In the end, a government inquiry exonerated the FBI of wrongdoing but noted that the bureau made some poor decisions. The FBI revamped its crisis response standards in response to Waco and a 1992 shootout in Ruby Ridge, Idaho, that left three dead. Still, conspiracy theories of a deliberate FBI attack in Waco flourished, contributing to a mistrust that lingers today.
58. NEWSG_080621_474.JPG: Waco reporter camera
59. NEWSG_080621_479.JPG: FBI agent Jim McGee wore this body armor, helmet and boots as a member of the Hostage Rescue Team during the standoff. -- Loan, SSA James A. McGee, retired FBI/HRT
60. NEWSG_080621_497.JPG: Terrorism in the Heartland: Oklahoma City Bombing: "It's probably about that Oklahoma City thing." -- Timothy McVeigh, when asked if he knew why FBI agents were questioning him. 9:02 am, April 19, 1995. A truck bomb set off outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City killed 168 people, many of them children. It was the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history. Later that day, the FBI issued a bulletin, based on an eyewitness report, that two Middle Eastern-looking men were being sought, touching off a misguided flurry of reporting in the media. That initial stumble was offset, however, by a combination of solid detective work (28,000 interviews, 3.5 tons of evidence) and lucky breaks. Within two days, two suspects were in custody -- both Americans. They were tried and convicted. The bomber, Timothy McVeigh, was executed; his co-conspirator, Terry Nichols, is serving a life term. Yet media reports at the time often focused on the negative, prompting historian Richard Gid Powers to characterize the investigation as "a brilliant FBI case picked to bits by the media."
61. NEWSG_080621_500.JPG: A Fear of Government: Timothy McVeigh said he began harboring doubts about the U.S. government during his service in the Gulf War. Over time, his views became more extreme. In 1993, he witnessed firsthand the FBI standoff with Branch Davidians near Waco, Texas. To him, the assault on the compound reinforced his worst fears about government infringing on the rights of citizens. He set off his bomb on April 19, 1995, two years to the day after that siege came to its fiery end.
62. NEWSG_080621_506.JPG: A Wrong Call: In the confusion immediately after the bombing, a witness who seemed credible gave FBI agents a tip: Two men, possibly of Middle Eastern descent, were seen driving away form the blast area in a pickup truck. With little else to go on, the FBI issued an alert. The news media ran with the story, and some anti-Arab incidents followed. When two Caucasian men were charged in the bombing, the media and the FBI were criticized for being too quick to jump on the idea of a Mideast connection in the bombing.
63. NEWSG_080621_511.JPG: A Wrong Call: In the confusion immediately after the bombing, a witness who seemed credible gave FBI agents a tip: Two men, possibly of Middle Eastern descent, were seen driving away from the blast area in a pickup truck. With little else to go on, the FBI issued an alert. The news media ran with the story, and some anti-Arab incidents followed. When two Caucasian men were charged in the bombing, the media and the FBI were criticized for being too quick to jump on the idea of a Mideast connection in the bombing.
64. NEWSG_080621_518.JPG: Letter from Death Row: Responding to questions from Fox News correspondent Rita Cosby, Timothy McVeigh wrote in 2001 that the bombing was a result of his frustration with the U.S. government after the 1993 siege near Waco, Texas. -- Loan, Rita Cosby
65. NEWSG_080621_544.JPG: Terry Nichols used the alias "Mike Havens," shown on this receipt, to buy fertilizer used to make the bomb.
66. NEWSG_080621_551.JPG: This clock, stopped at the moment of the Oklahoma City bombing, was blown off the wall of an office building two blocks away from the explosion. -- Loan, Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum
67. NEWSG_080621_562.JPG: Timothy McVeigh's Michigan-issued driver's license. -- Loan, Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum
68. NEWSG_080621_567.JPG: This receipt for Chinese food, ordered under the name "Kling" but delivered to Timothy McVeigh's motel room, providing a crucial clue that helped determine that Kling and McVeigh were the same person. -- Loan, Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum The receipt color has been changed because of fingerprinting testing. I was told that they were going to do a photographic copy of the receipt.
69. NEWSG_080621_582.JPG: Righting Long-Ago Wrongs: While many newspapers outside the South reported on the civil rights struggle, network television was most responsible for bringing the story into America's living rooms. But in many cases, such as the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Ala., the "Mississippi Burning" murders and the lynching of 14-year-old Emmett Till, sympathetic white juries did not convict key suspects. In time, cases turned cold, memories dimmed, witnesses died. Decades later, pressure from civil rights advocates and the discovery of new information led the FBI to reopen cold cases. Years after he volunteered to go to Mississippi in 1964, FBI agent Jim Ingram returned to track down witnesses and former Klansmen. His work helped convict ex-Klansman Edgar Ray Killen in 2005. Investigative reporting and editorials in the Jackson, Miss., Clarion-Ledger helped raise awareness.
70. NEWSG_080621_599.JPG: Public Face of the FBI: From the Roaring '20s to the Depression, through World War II, the turbulent 1960s and the Vietnam War, J. Edgar Hoover was the iron-willed ruler and public face of the FBI. For nearly 50 years he zealously fought crime, turning an obscure investigative unit into one of the world's most effective law enforcement agencies. But his misuse of power and headline-grabbing vanity ultimately eroded his American icon status and left a mixed legacy. Hoover keenly understood the power of information, especially if it was private or secret. Armed with such data, he influenced presidents, members of Congress, journalists, and the rich and powerful. In turn, the presidents under whom he served used him to gather political intelligence and further their aims. Hoover also recognized the power of positive publicity, and he used the news media and the entertainment industry to enhance the bureau's reputation -- as well as his own.
71. NEWSG_080621_600.JPG: "Jackals" of the Press: Hoover called reporters who wrote negative stories "jackals" of the press. He monitored some of them, often refusing to cooperate with those who criticized the bureau and sometimes using smear tactics to damage their reputations. Reporters who displeased presidents were targets, too. In 1969, White House leaks about foreign policy prompted President Nixon to order FBI wiretaps on four reporters: William Beecher and Hedrick Smith of The New York Times, Henry Brandon of London's Sunday Times and Marvin Kalb of CBS. Others mentioned by the FBI: - Los Angeles Times reporter Jack Nelson, who wrote critical stories and books about the FBI in the 1960s. - I.F. Stone, who published the influential left-leaning I.F. Stone's Weekly in the 1950s and '60s. - New York Post editor James Wechsler, who ran an unflattering series about the FBI in 1959. - Muckraking columnist Jack Anderson, who relentlessly criticized Hoover and the FBI in the 1960s.
72. NEWSG_080621_606.JPG: Hoover and the Media: As formidable as he was, J. Edgar Hoover could not have built the FBI's reputation without the help of reporters, but the press profited, too. Hoover cultivated friendly reporters, giving them "Interesting Case" memos with inside details about the FBI's crime-solving skills. Editors and reporters happily responded with headline-grabbing stories. After FBI agents gunned down bank robber John Dillinger in Chicago in 1934, one edition of Hearst's Chicago American carried seven pictures of the corpse. In the early 1930s, freelancer Courtney Ryley Cooper developed what came to be called the "FBI formula" -- writing stories that stressed team-oriented scientific crime-solving, a constant Hoover theme. An aggressive public relations machine -- the Crime Records Division -- also churned out positive articles, often under Hoover's byline. Cooper and Rex Collier of Washington's Evening Star worked with Hoover on books, screenplays, radio programs and even a comic strip. The book "The FBI Story," a Hoover-authorized history of the FBI, stayed on the best-seller list for 38 weeks in the mid-1950s.
73. NEWSG_080622_008.JPG: Hoover's Inner Sanctum
74. NEWSG_080622_015.JPG: Agent Scully action figure showing the FBI in pop culture
75. NEWSG_080622_016.JPG: The FBI in Pop Culture: Cinematic Crime-Fighters: "Crime doesn't pay -- the G-men never give up the hunt." -- From the radio show "G-Men" "The FBI always gets its man." If not always true in life, it was largely true in our entertainment. J. Edgar Hoover recognized that he could capture the public's imagination by promoting his bureau as America's crime-busters. In 1935, Hollywood launched an FBI legend with the James Cagney movie "G-Men." The movie was a hit with the public, but not with Hoover, who wasn't fond of the wisecracking image Cagney portrayed. Hoover couldn't influence Hollywood, so he worked with reporters and FBI publicists to produce radio shows, books and even comic strips. Advertisers caught the FBI frenzy, and kids of the 1930s and '40s could get kits to fingerprint their pals through Junior G-Man clubs. The 1959 film "The FBI Story" -- based on an FBI-authorized book by reporter Don Whitehead -- and television's "The FBI", starring Efrem Zimbalist Jr., captured the image dearest to Hoover's heart; the G-man as a family man and hero. For years after the TV show ended in 1974, people sent mail to "Efrem Zimbalist Jr, FBI Director." Scandals in the latter part of the 20th century dimmed the FBI's luster, but the FBI bounced back in pop culture. From TV's "The X-Files" and "The Sopranos" to "Grand Theft Auto" video games, the FBI remains a pop icon.
76. NEWSG_080622_020.JPG: The FBI Today: After 9/11, a Refocused Mission: The 34 special agents hired by the Justice Department in 1908 would be stunned at the size and scope of the FBI 100 years later. With more than 12,000 agents in the United States and abroad -- backed by nearly 18,000 support personnel -- FBI agents in the 21st century are watchdogs against terrorism, espionage, cybercrime, organized and violent crime, and public corruption. As terrorism threats escalated in the 1990s, the bureau broadened its international role, and it made quick arrests in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. But the FBI and the CIA both were criticized for failing to anticipate the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Within weeks of the 9/11 attacks, the FBI made counterterrorism its primary mission. Congress passed the USA Patriot Act, which expanded the FBI's authority to examine telephone, e-mail, and medical and financial records, and eased other restrictions on similar investigations. In the post-9/11 era, tensions and occasional conflicts between the FBI and the news media are inevitable as a democratic society wrestles with the need for national security vs. government intrusion into private lives.
77. NEWSG_080622_024.JPG: Courage and Crime-Fighting: The Faces Behind the Badges: Cold War Spy Chaser: When Robert Lamphere was transferred into the Soviet espionage unit of the FBI in 1947, he feared that it wouldn't be as interesting as pursuing criminals in New York City. But he ended up supervising probes of some of the biggest cases of the Cold War, including work on the long-running Verona project, an investigation of Soviet espionage. Using deciphered code, Lamphere was able to help identify the Soviet spy who had infiltrated America's atomic bomb program, German-born physicist Klaus Fuchs. That discovery led the FBI to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, both of whom were put to death for spying for the Soviets. Gunning for Gangsters: Months after bank robber John Dillinger was killed by the FBI, his gang members were still at large. George "Baby Face" Nelson was on the lam after killing FBI agent W. Carter Baum. FBI Inspector Samuel Cowley and Special Agent Herman Hollis got a tip that Nelson was in a suburb of Chicago. In a roadside showdown, Cowley and Hollis empties their guns at the gangster before falling themselves. Both agents died in one of the bloodiest days in FBI history. Nelson's body was found the next day in a ditch, and newsreels ran footage of the corpse. FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover declared, "Yes, we got the guy but he killed two of our men. It was two lives for one." Inside the Minds of Killers: John Douglas and Robert Ressler were pioneers in FBI criminal profiling who interviewed dozens of notorious serial killers and developed a database of behavior patterns in crime. Their goal: finding out what make evil minds tick. Among those interviewed were Richard Speck, Charles Manson, and John Wayne Gacy. Douglas and Ressler's profiling techniques were used in investigations from the Atlanta child killer to the Seattle Green River serial killer. Their work inspired former AP report Thomas Harris's book "The Silence of the Lambs." The book was made into a blockbuster movie that won five Academy Awards in 1992.
78. NEWSG_080622_028.JPG: Inside the Minds of Killers: John Douglas and Robert Ressler were pioneers in FBI criminal profiling who interviewed dozens of notorious serial killers and developed a database of behavior patterns in crime. Their goal: finding out what make evil minds tick. Among those interviewed were Richard Speck, Charles Manson, and John Wayne Gacy. Douglas and Ressler's profiling techniques were used in investigations from the Atlanta child killer to the Seattle Green River serial killer. Their work inspired former AP report Thomas Harris's book "The Silence of the Lambs." The book was made into a blockbuster movie that won five Academy Awards in 1992. Fighting Crime in Cyberspace: Jana Monroe tackled serial killers, child predators, digital pirates and a notorious polygamist in her 20-year career with the FBI. As head of the bureau's Cyber Division, Monroe was one of the FBI's highest-ranking women. In that role, she worked with TV's "America's Most Wanted" to find child predators. Early in her career, after surviving a shootout, Monroe lobbied successfully to get bulletproof vests redesigned to better protect female agents. She also won acclaim for an innovative solution to a cold case in Florida: She took a scrawled note that was evidence in a triple murder, enlarged it and posted it on billboards. Three people recognized the handwriting, and the killer was arrested and is on death row. Winning a Tyrant's Trust: George Piro spent seven months in 2004 debriefing Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein and getting him to reveal secrets, without letting on he was an FBI agent. Piro is an investigator on the FBI's "terrorism fly team," an elite squad of agents that responds to terrorist threats. The Arabic-speaking Lebanese-American was picked to question the imprisoned Hussein in Iraq. Hussein knew him as "Mr. George" and believed Piro was a top operative of President George W. Bush. Piro was backed by a team of FBI and CIA analysts providing him inside information to gain Hussein's confidence. There also were personal touches: On Hussein's birthday, Piro gave him a batch of Lebanese cookies sent by Piro's mother. It was Piro who got Hussein to admit that at the time of the U.S. invasion, Iraq no longer had weapons of mass destruction -- but had intended to rebuild its weapons program. Hussein was later convicted of crimes against humanity by an Iraqi court and was executed.
79. NEWSG_080622_038.JPG: The FBI's Ten Most Wanted: The Story Behind the List: One of the FBI's longest-running programs -- the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives -- was the result of a newspaper story. In 1949, International News Service reporter James F. Donovan asked the FBI: "Who are the 10 toughest guys you are looking for?" The FBI gave him a list. Donovan's front-page report in The Washington Daily News displayed photos of four escapees, three con men, two murder suspects and a bank robber. The list was a hit, and some of the fugitives were captured as a result. The next year, the FBI started the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives program. Today, fugitives on the current list get even greater exposure through the popular TV show "America's Most Wanted."
80. NEWSG_080622_042.JPG: "Most Wanted" Facts: 1930: The year the Chicago Crime Commission originated the term "public enemy" with a list of notorious gangsters. 489: The number of fugitives who have appeared on the Ten Most Wanted list. Eight women have been on the list. 458: The number of criminals on the list who were captured or located. 150: The number of fugitives arrested as a result of tips from the public. The first name on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list was Thomas James Holden of Chicago, who killed his wife and two others. He was arrested in 1951 in Beaverton, Ore. The first woman was Ruth Eisemann-Schier, listed in 1968 for kidnapping and extortion. She was arrested less than three months later. The fugitive who spent the most time on the list was Donald Eugene Webb, wanted in the 1980 murder of a police chief. Never found, he was removed from the list in 2007.
81. NEWSG_080622_047.JPG: What's a G-Man? Gangster "Machine Gun" Kelly is credited in FBI lore with giving agents the headline-friendly nickname that stuck with them for decades. But the origin of the shorthand for "government man" is not so clear-cut. Legend has it that Kelly, trapped by FBI agents in 1933, begged, "Don't shoot, G-men, don't shoot!" But an agent on the scene told the Chicago American that it was Kelly's wife, Kathryn, who used the term, sobbing, "The G-men won't ever give us a break." In the early 1900s, the term "G-man" was used in Ireland as a reference to government detectives, and later in the U.S. it was a common term for any government agent. Whatever the source, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover embraced "G-men" as a title of distinction and promoted its use. And don't forget about G-women -- nearly 20 percent of FBI agents today are female.
82. NEWSG_080622_053.JPG: Body Armor: John Dillinger's bulletproof vest, below, weighed 12 pounds but he wasn't wearing it the night he was shot. It was later found among his belongings. - Loan, FBI Tour
83. NEWSG_080622_063.JPG: Ledger showing payment for information leading to the apprehension of John Dillinger.
84. NEWSG_080622_069.JPG: Savvy Gunslinger: After several bloody shootouts, Alvin "Creepy" Karpis, the brains of the Karpis-Barker gang, saw kidnapping as safer than robbing banks. His sidearm was a Colt .380 semiautomatic pistol, below. -- Loan, FBI Tour
85. NEWSG_080622_074.JPG: Baby Face, Killer Instinct: Even among other gangsters, George "Baby Face" Nelson had a reputation for being trigger happy. Among the weapons he used was a Colt Ace .22 caliber pistol, below. -- Loan, FBI Tour
86. NEWSG_080622_093.JPG: Live by the Gun, Die by the Gun: Oklahoman Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd claimed he robbed only the rich. But a few lawmen got in the way of his semiautomatic Browning 12 gauge shotgun, below. -- Loan, FBI Tour
87. NEWSG_080622_099.JPG: A Journalistic Self-Promoter: Walter Winchell: Gossip columnist Walter Winchell dealt in secrets, as did FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Their friendship reflected the decades-long cooperation between the FBI and the media. The relationship was simple: Hoover fed Winchell information, and Winchell in turn lauded Hoover and the FBI in his columns and radio broadcasts with bouquets such as "Hoover is the most underpaid man in U.S. history." In 1939, Winchell negotiated the surrender of Murder Inc. gangster chief Louis "Lepke" Buchalter to Hoover. Hoover got the credit; Winchell got the headline. To many, Winchell was seen as the FBI's mouthpiece. Winchell's use of rumor and hearsay were later reviled: that spirit paved the way for modern celebrity reporting.
88. NEWSG_080622_110.JPG: G-Men and Wiseguys: The DBI has played a featured role in popular dramas about the mob, from the box office hit "The Godfather" to HBO's acclaimed television series "The Sopranos." On TV, the FBI's New Jersey office pursued the Soprano organized crime family for six seasons but could never make anything stick. The FBI acknowledges its role in pop culture but says that in real life, organized crime is neither romantic nor glamorous. "For those of us who grew up in 'The Godfather' generation and now live in the era of 'The Sopranos,' today's case demonstrates once again that organized crime in not fiction," FBI Deputy Director John Pistole said when announcing 2008 indictments against three New York mob families. The FBI's success against the mafia has pushed the traditional Italian-American mobster mostly into the Northeast. The new face of organized crime is more diverse, with the FBI now tracking mobsters from countries such as Albania, China and Russia.
89. NEWSG_080622_118.JPG: A Hollow Screw: This screw, used by Rudolf Abel, opened to reveal this page of numbers used to translate coded messages. -- Loan, FBI Tour
90. NEWSG_080622_122.JPG: Off the Cuff: Cuff links used by Rudolf Abel to transmit secret messages to his superiors. -- Loan, FBI Tour
91. NEWSG_080622_135.JPG: Robert Hanssen business cards
92. NEWSG_080622_142.JPG: Talking to the Enemy: This Palm Pilot, seized from Robert Hanssen's home, was one of several he used. At right, his Russian-English dictionary.
93. NEWSG_080622_168.JPG: Suitable for a Bank Robbery: Patty Hearst carried this cut-down M-1 carbine and wore this coat in the SLA robbery of the Hibernia Bank in San Francisco in April 1974. A bank surveillance camera caught the image of her at right. The monkey necklace displaced here was given to Hearst by SLA member Willie Wolfe. It was found in her purse when she was arrested. -- Artifacts: Loan, FBI Tour
94. NEWSG_080622_185.JPG: To Print or Not: The Great Debate: Executives of the Washington Post and The New York Times -- as well as much of the journalism community -- were in a quandary over the Unabomber's demand to publish his essay. To print it would be bowing to the will of a terrorist and could inspire copycats. Not to publish could endanger public safety. In the end, the newspapers' publishers agreed to print the manifesto if the government would accept responsibility for anything that occurred afterward. Said Times publisher, Arthur O. Sulzberger Jr.: "You print it and he doesn't kill anyone else; that's a pretty good deal... The cost of newsprint was the only cost we had to bear. When you balance that against the cost of life, it was a simple equation."
95. NEWSG_080622_188.JPG: Unabomber cabin
96. NEWSG_080622_209.JPG: This is what remains of the crankshaft of the Ryder rental truck used to transport explosives to the federal building. The crankshaft was blown out of the engine block and found several hundred feet away. -- Loan, Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum Pieces of the Ryder truck, with its distinctive red and yellow colors. -- Loan, Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum
97. NEWSG_080622_219.JPG: These leg irons were used on Timothy McVeigh when he was transported by the FBI. -- Loan, Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum
98. NEWSG_080622_230.JPG: America's Protectors (Nazi spies) display
99. NEWSG_080622_247.JPG: The FBI made this model of the Alfred P. Murrah Building to give jurors a sense of the destruction caused by the bombing. -- Loan, FBI Tour
100. NEWSG_080622_282.JPG: The Terror of a Random Killer: D.C. Sniper: When 10 people in the Washington, D.C. area were killed in a series of sniper attacks in the fall of 2002, a local police task force was overwhelmed. The FBI was called in and mobilized its "Rapid Start" computer program, which helped sort a deluge of tips and develop investigative leads. The program, while cumbersome, proved crucial to the case, which has been called the largest manhunt in U.S. history. More than 140,000 tips were received, resulting in about 35,000 people identified as possible suspects, but most tips were useless. When a white van was spotted at the site of one shooting, it became the center of attention. Authorities released a sketch, putting virtually every white van in the region under suspicion. When two snipers were captured in a blue sedan, the task force and the news media faulted each other for focusing too heavily on the van. Other police frustrations included leaks to the news media and difficulty communicating with the snipers. In the end, the snipers' boastful phone call to police about a murder in Alabama led to their capture. FBI agents followed up with fingerprint analysis and international investigations. The cooperative efforts of federal and local law enforcement agencies led to the arrest of two suspects. Both were convicted of murder.
101. NEWSG_080622_306.JPG: Death Car: Law enforcement officers gather near the car, above in which John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo were sleeping when captured at a rural Maryland rest stop.
102. NEWSG_080625_19.JPG: Four pieces: (1) Timothy McVeigh's Michigan-issued driver's license. (2) Using the alias "Robert Kling," Timothy McVeigh signed this reservation for a Ryder rental truck in Junction City, Kan. McVeigh picked up the truck on April 17, two days before the bombing. (3) Timothy McVeigh used his own name when he registered at the Dreamland Motel in Kansas, leaving a clue that later would hasten his arrest. (4) This receipt for Chinese food, ordered under the name "Kling" but delivered to Timothy McVeigh's motel room, provided a crucial clue that helped determine that Kling and McVeigh were the same person. All items: Loan, Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum Note that the order of the artifacts doesn't match the order of the signs. The description of the motel receipt is under the Chinese restaurant order and vice versa.
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Description of Subject Matter: The Unabomber's cabin, John Dillinger's death mask and the electric chair that killed the Lindbergh baby kidnapper are just a few of 200 fascinating artifacts that await visitors to "G-Men and Journalists: Top News Stories of the FBI's First Century," now open at the Newseum.
The exhibit reflects the sometimes cooperative, sometimes combative relationship between the FBI and the news media, as seen through such headline-making cases as:
• The Lindbergh kidnapping
• The war on gangsters
• The Nazi saboteurs
• Catching spies
• Mississippi Burning
• Kidnapped heiress Patty Hearst
• The siege at Waco
• The Oklahoma City bombing
• The hunt for the Unabomber
• The D.C. sniper
The FBI's efforts to stop organized crime and its starring role in popular culture are also examined in "G-Men and Journalists." With 200 artifacts, nearly 300 photographs, dozens of historic newspapers and interactive displays, the exhibit shows how the FBI and the news media cooperated — and clashed — during the bureau's first 100 years.
The above was from the official site at http://www.newseum.org
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- 2015_DC_Newseum_GMen: DC -- Newseum -- Exhibits -- (C) G-Men and Journalists (182 photos from 2015)
- 2014_DC_Newseum_GMen: DC -- Newseum -- Exhibits -- (C) G-Men and Journalists (7 photos from 2014)
- 2011_DC_Newseum_GMen: DC -- Newseum -- Exhibits -- (C) G-Men and Journalists (42 photos from 2011)
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2008 photos: Equipment this year: I was using three cameras -- the Fuji S9000 and the Canon Rebel Xti from last year, and a new camera, the Fuji S100fs. The first two cameras had their pluses and minuses and I really didn't have a single camera that I thought I could use for just about everything. But I loved the S100fs and used it almost exclusively this year. Trips this year: (1) Civil War Preservation Trust annual conference in Springfield, Missouri , (2) a week in New York, (3) a week in San Diego for the Comic-Con, (4) a driving trip to St. Louis, and (5) a visit to dad and Dixie's in Asheville, North Carolina. Ego strokes: A picture I'd taken last year during a Friends of the Homeless event was published in USA Today with a photo credit and everything! I became a volunteer photographer with the AFI/Silver theater. Number of photos taken this year: 330,000.
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