BGuthrie Photos: VA -- Charlottesville -- Monticello

VA -- Charlottesville -- Monticello:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. MONTI_070930_205.JPG: North privy
2. MONTI_070930_210.JPG: North Privy: Indoor privies or "necessaries" were rare in the United States. Monticello was an exception. This is one of two privies located at either end of the cellar passageway. The restoration of the interior is based on Jefferson's floor plan and a surviving original seat at Poplar Forest, his plantation in Bedford County, Virginia. The pit under the seat connects to a "sink" or tunnel that opens in the hillside. Other Privies: At least four other facilities served the mountaintop. Three, which Jefferson called "air-closets," were inside the house: two off the south passages on the first and second floors and a third adjoining his bedroom. These tiny spaces were shafts lighted by skylights and vented by flues. The shafts extended below the cellar floor where they joined a single masonry-lined "sink" that terminates about 125 feet east of the house. This tunnel, like the one adjoining the North Privy, provided ventilation and perhaps drainage. The sixth known privy, located on Mulberry Row, was described by Jefferson as "a necessary house of wood 8 feet square." Chamber pots supplemented these facilities. Using the Privies: Jefferson had his own privy and family members no doubt used the other two in the house. Apart from the privy on Mulberry Row likely used by workers, it is less certain which privies were available to guests and free and enslaved workers. The use of locks at some privies indicates that access was restricted. Cloth was probably used as toilet paper. Cleaning the Privies: Jefferson paid male slaves for performing the unpleasant task of "cleansing sewers" in their free time. From 1822, enslaved fieldworker Edward (Ned) Gillette and his brothers Moses and Israel successfully took on this extra work, earning a dollar a month. Female slaves typically cleaned the indoor privies and chamber pots.
3. MONTI_070930_292.JPG: The pendulum clock plum falls through a hole in the floor in the corner
4. MONTI_070930_333.JPG: Jefferson's grave was over there but they were repainting the fence and we weren't allowed to get near it.
5. MONTI_070930_431.JPG: Construction for a new visitor center
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Wikipedia Description: Monticello
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Monticello, located near Charlottesville, Virginia, was the estate of Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence, the third President of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia. The house is of Jefferson's own design and is situated on the summit of an 850-foot-high peak in the Southwest Mountains south of the Rivanna Gap. Monticello, in Italian, means "little mountain."

An image of the west front of Monticello was featured on the reverse of the 5 cent coin of the United States of America coined from 1938 to 2003 (the image returns to the reverse on the 2006 coin design) and on the reverse of the United States of America two dollar bill that was printed from 1928 to 1966.

Monticello was designated a World Heritage Site in 1987, an honor it shares with the nearby University of Virginia.

History:

Work began on Monticello in 1768, and Jefferson moved into the South Pavilion (an outbuilding) in 1770. The original design was based on the classical style of Palladian architecture. When Jefferson left Monticello in 1784 for extended travels in Europe, the original design of the house was largely completed except for porticos and decorative interior woodwork. Upon his return, Jefferson expanded his vision for Monticello to incorporate features of Palladian buildings and ruins he admired overseas. Further work to the new design began in 1796. Construction of Monticello was substantially completed in 1809 with the erection of the dome.

Jefferson died on July 4, 1826 and Monticello was inherited by his eldest daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph. Financial difficulties led to Martha selling Monticello to James T. Barclay, a local apothecary, in 1831. Barclay sold it in 1834 to Uriah P. Levy, the first Jewish American to serve an entire career as a commissioned officer in the United States Navy. Levy greatly admired Jefferson. During the Civil War, the house was seized by the Confederate government and sold, though Uriah Levy's estate (he died in 1862) recovered it after the war.

Lawsuits filed by Levy's heirs were settled in 1879, when Uriah Levy's nephew, Jefferson Monroe Levy, a prominent New York lawyer, real estate and stock speculator and member of Congress, bought out the other heirs and took control of the property. Jefferson Levy, like his uncle, repaired, restored and preserved Monticello, which was deteriorating seriously while the lawsuits wended their way through the courts in New York and Virginia.

A private, nonprofit organization — the Thomas Jefferson Foundation — purchased the house from Jefferson Levy in 1923 and was restored by architects that included Fiske Kimball and Milton L. Grigg. Monticello is now operated as a museum and educational institution. Visitors can view rooms in the cellar and ground floor, but the 2nd and 3rd floors are not open to the general public.

Monticello is the only private home in the United States of America that has been designated a World Heritage Site. From 1989 to 1992, a team of architects from the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) painstakingly created a collection of measured drawings of Monticello. These drawings are now kept at the Library of Congress. The World Heritage Site designation also includes the original grounds of Jefferson's University of Virginia.

Among Jefferson's other designs are his other home near Lynchburg called Poplar Forest and the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond.

Decoration and furnishings:

Much of Monticello's interior decoration reflect the ideas and ideals of Jefferson himself.

The original main entrance is through the portico on the east front. The ceiling of this portico incorporates a wind plate connected to a weather vane, showing the direction of the wind. A large clock face on the external east-facing wall has only an hour hand since Jefferson thought this was accurate enough for outdoor laborers. The clock reflects the time shown on the "Great Clock" (designed by Jefferson) in the entrance hall. The entrance hall contains recreations of items collected by Lewis and Clark on their famous expedition. The floorcloth here is painted a, "true grass green" upon the recommendation of artist Gilbert Stuart in order for Jefferson’s ‘essay in architecture’ to invite the spirit of the outdoors into the house.

The south wing includes Jefferson's private suite of rooms. The library holds many books in Jefferson's third library collection. His first library was burned in a plantation fire, and he 'seeded' (or sold) his second library to the United States Congress to replace the books burned by the British. This second library formed the nucleus of the Library of Congress. As famous and "larger than life" as Monticello seems, the house itself is actually no larger than a typical large home. Jefferson considered much furniture to be a waste of space, so the dining room table was erected only at mealtimes, and beds were built into alcoves cut into thick walls that contain storage space. Jefferson's bed opens to two sides: to his cabinet (study) and to his bedroom (dressing room).

The west front (illustration) gives the impression of a villa of very modest proportions, with a lower floor disguised in the hillside.

The north wing includes the dining room -- which has a dumbwaiter incorporated into the fireplace as well as dumbwaiters (shelved tables on castors) and a pivoting serving door with shelves -- and two guest bedrooms.

Outbuildings and plantation:

The main house was augmented by small outlying pavilions to the north and south. A row of functional buildings (dairy, wash houses, store houses, a small nail factory, a joinery etc.) and slave dwellings known as Mulberry Row lay nearby to the south. A stone weaver's cottage survives, as does the tall chimney of the joinery, and the foundations of other buildings. A cabin on Mulberry Row was, for a time, the home of Sally Hemings; she later moved into a room in the "south dependency" below the main house. On the slope below Mulberry Row Jefferson maintained an extensive vegetable garden.

The house was the center of a plantation of 5,000 acres (20 km�), tended by some 150 slaves.

In 2004, the trustees acquired the only property that overlooks Monticello, the taller mountain that Jefferson called Montalto, but known to Charlottesville residents as Mountaintop Farm. Rushing to stave off development of so-called "McMansions," the trustees spent $15 million to purchase the property, which Jefferson had owned and which had served as a 20th Century residence as farm houses divided into apartments, to many University of Virginia students including George Allen. The officials at Monticello had long viewed the property located on the mountain as an eyesore, and were very interested in purchasing the property when it came on the market. Many of the residents of the apartments on the top of the mountain were happy that the trustees had purchased the top of the mountain, but were very disappointed that Monticello refused to release them from their leases in the event that they found new residences, forcing them to pay rent on 2 apartments, one resident stated, "I do wish Monticello would be a little more generous. We're suffering in the wake of a very big boat.". Monticello now charges $13 for adults and $7 for children to visit the top of the mountain and only allows admission to the area from May to October. At all other times the top of the mountain is locked and patrolled by security.

Other Uses:

Monticello also appears on the U.S. nickel. Originally designed by Felix Schlag, it was introduced in 2006 after two years of Westward Series nickels.
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