GA -- Atlanta -- Oakland Cemetery:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- OAK_061008_005.JPG: Gray marker
- OAK_061008_027.JPG: Richards Family
- OAK_061008_052.JPG: Where Hood Watched the Battle of Atlanta
In 1856 James E. Williams (Mayor of Atlanta 1866-1868), built a residence atop this high ground which later became a part of Oakland Cemetery. From the second story of the house, Gen. John B. Hood, in command of Confederate forces, & members of his staff, watched that part of the Battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, where Brown's & Clayton's divs., Cheathams's A.C. (CS) moved eastward astride the Ga. R.R. to the assault on the Federal 15th A.C. line also astride the R.R. – at DeGress Ave., 1-1/4 mi. distant. A notable landmark of this area – the Rolling Mill – stood on the site of the cotton mill
- OAK_061008_061.JPG: Alan Seymour Chamberlin
- OAK_061008_078.JPG: Richards Family. Also the location of the "Where Hood watched the Battle of Atlanta" marker.
- OAK_061008_081.JPG: Waid Hill
- OAK_061008_098.JPG: Kiser Family
- OAK_061008_120.JPG: Cox Family
- OAK_061008_128.JPG: Cox Family
- OAK_061008_141.JPG: Rose Family
- OAK_061008_144.JPG: Joseph Emerson Brown
- OAK_061008_161.JPG: Elizabeth Grisham Brown
- OAK_061008_172.JPG: Julia Carlisle Withers
- OAK_061008_176.JPG: Capt. William A. Fuller.
- OAK_061008_191.JPG: Bloomfield Family
- OAK_061008_213.JPG: Margaret Mitchell Marsh
- OAK_061008_219.JPG: Anthony Murphy
- OAK_061008_229.JPG: Ida Lee Bennett Bass
- OAK_061008_234.JPG: Hiberian Society
- OAK_061008_237.JPG: Maynard Jackson
- OAK_061008_264.JPG: "The End of the Trail."
- OAK_061008_278.JPG: Austell Family
- OAK_061008_289.JPG: Neal Family
- OAK_061008_302.JPG: Mary E. Harvill.
- OAK_061008_324.JPG: Jasper Newton Smith
- OAK_061008_332.JPG: Sarah Todd Ivy
- OAK_061008_346.JPG: Cast iron furniture
- OAK_061008_350.JPG: Dr. James Nissen.
- OAK_061008_383.JPG: Kontz family
- OAK_061008_390.JPG: Harrison Bryant
- OAK_061008_398.JPG: Neal Family
- OAK_061008_411.JPG: Bobby Jones
- OAK_061008_419.JPG: Jeff Cain
- OAK_061008_437.JPG: Jewish Section
- OAK_061008_440.JPG: Morris Rich
- OAK_061008_454.JPG: "The Great Locomotive Chase" marker
- OAK_061008_460.JPG: Maurine Robbins
- OAK_061008_477.JPG: Benjamin Harvey Hill
- OAK_061008_483.JPG: Daisy I
- OAK_061008_498.JPG: Potter's Field
- OAK_061008_504.JPG: Carrie Steel Logan
- OAK_061008_506.JPG: Wesley J. Gaines.
- OAK_061008_511.JPG: Augustus Thompson
- OAK_061008_513.JPG: James E. Tate.
- OAK_061008_518.JPG: Henry A. Rucker.
- OAK_061008_531.JPG: Lion of Atlanta
- OAK_061008_544.JPG: "Our Confederate Dead"
- OAK_061008_548.JPG: Clement Evans
- OAK_061008_552.JPG: Clement Anselm Evans
1833 - 1911
Clement A. Evans, Brig. Gen., C.S.A., began his military career in his native Stewart Co., Ga., where he was commissioned Major in Co. E, 31st Ga. Infantry. He rapidly rose in rank and in Nov. 1864, was put in command of a division, succeeding Gen. John B. Gordon. He led his men in virtually all battles in the Virginia campaign and was engaged in the last charge of the War and surrendered under Lee at Appomattox.
The remainder of his life was spent in public service as a Methodist Minister, trustee of three colleges, and originator of an educational loan fund to aid young men gain a college education. He was editor of the twelve-volume, "Confederate Military History", and served as a Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Veterans.
- OAK_061008_561.JPG: John B. Gordon.
- OAK_061008_572.JPG: Moses Formwalt
- OAK_061008_575.JPG: "Out in the Rain"
- OAK_061008_601.JPG: Georgia Harris
- OAK_061008_614.JPG: Myrtis Jentzen
- OAK_061008_649.JPG: John Brown Gordon
1832 - 1904
A native of Upson County, Georgia, and a Major General, Confederate States Army, was one of General Lee's most trusted and outstanding officers. He brilliantly led his devoted men in every engagement in which the Army of Northern Virginia participated and was severely wounded at the Battle of Sharpsburg. He led The War's last charge and following the Appomattox surrender, returned to Georgia.
Idolized by the populace, he served his state three times as U.S. Senator and as Governor 1886-1890. He was Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Veterans from its inception until his death - a fitting tribute to a gallant gentleman.
- OAK_061008_709.JPG: Wartime Atlanta street light
- OAK_061008_722.JPG: "Our Thomas"
- Wikipedia Description: Oakland Cemetery (Atlanta)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oakland Cemetery is the oldest cemetery, as well as one of the largest green spaces, in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded as "Atlanta Cemetery" in 1850 on six acres (2.4 hectares) of land southeast of the city, it was renamed in 1872 to reflect the large number of oak and magnolia trees growing in the area. By that time, the city had grown and the cemetery had enlarged correspondingly to the current 48 acres.
Since then, Atlanta has continued to expand, so that the cemetery is now located in the center of the city. Oakland is an excellent example of a Victorian-style cemetery, and reflects the "garden cemetery" movement started and exemplified by Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts.
The original 6 acres (24,000 m2) of Oakland remains one of the oldest historical plots of land in Atlanta, most of the rest of the city having been burned in 1864. Because of its age and location, the cemetery directly reflects the history and changing culture of the City of Atlanta and the significant events it has seen. Names of Atlanta streets, buildings, parks, subdivisions, and more can be found within the cemetery gates. An estimated 70,000 people are interred at Oakland, and while the last plots were sold in 1884, there are still regular burials today. These are largely conducted on family-owned plots or areas owned by Atlanta (one of the most recent being former mayor Maynard Jackson, whose plot was contributed by the city).
Sections:
Immediately upon entering the gates of Oakland is found the original 6 acres (24,000 m2) purchased for use as the Atlanta Cemetery in 1850. The gates and perimeter walls were not erected until 1896, the date engraved on the keystone of the gates' highest arch. After a short distance along a brick walkway, Oakland's first resident since its establishment can be found. Dr. James Nissen was a medical doctor visiting Atlanta who fell ill and died in 1850. Legend has it that Dr. Nissen shared a common fear of the day, being buried alive. Therefore, before his death he asked that his jugular vein be cut prior to his burial to ensure he did not wake up later under the ground. Being the oldest grave in Oakland since its designation as a city cemetery, Nissen's headstone is nearly completely worn away by the passage of time and the elements. The inscription is only known due to an extensive survey of Atlanta cemeteries performed in the 1930s by Franklin Garrett. Back towards the main gates of Oakland on a plot donated by the City of Atlanta lies Martha Lumpkin Compton. The daughter of Governor Wilson Lumpkin, from 1843 until 1845 Atlanta was known as "Marthasville" in her honor.
The first thing many people notice when entering the gates of Oakland is the mausoleum of Jasper Newton Smith, on which sits a striking life-size statue of Smith himself. Jasper Smith was a real estate investor who financed two buildings downtown. One, known as The House that Jack Built, was constructed with the stipulation that its cornerstone be left even after the building was torn down. That cornerstone still stands at the entrance of the Peachtree Center MARTA station on Carnegie Way. Smith was well known for refusing to wear a necktie due to a bad experience as a child. Therefore, one story describing the creation of his statue notes that when the artist sculpted him wearing a cravat, Smith refused to pay until the offending item had been chiseled off.
Farther into this section can be seen the Kontz Memorial and the Neal Monument, two sculptures showing vastly different styles of artistry. The latter is an example of Neoclassical art and imagery, while the former is Oakland's only known example of Egyptian Revival. Also to be found in the original 6 acres (24,000 m2) is a small area of land marking the old Jewish section. This area was bought by the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (which later bought more land in the expanded cemetery) and is the second oldest Jewish burial ground in the State of Georgia, preceded by a colonial Jewish cemetery in Savannah.
Also resting in the original 6 acres (24,000 m2) is Robert Tyre "Bobby" Jones, an Atlanta-native amateur golfer known for first winning The Double. His grave can always be found with golf balls and other paraphernalia relating to the sport. The immediate area surrounding Jones' grave is adorned by all eighteen flower-bearing plants that are the namesakes of the holes on the Augusta National course. Franklin Garrett, a man dubbed "Atlanta's Official Historian" who extensively cataloged Atlanta's history as well as many of the graves at Oakland and other Atlanta-area cemeteries also rests in the original 6 acres (24,000 m2).
While walking throughout the original 6 acres (24,000 m2), and indeed much of the entire cemetery, many visitors will notice a lack of ironwork which is uncommon to a cemetery from Oakland's era. This is due to the City of Atlanta's contribution of much of the original ironwork in Oakland to the U.S. government for use in producing arms during World War I.
Confederate section:
The Confederate section of Oakland is home to an estimated 6,900 burials, of which about 3,000 are unknown. During the Civil War, Atlanta was a major transportation and medical center for the Southern states. Since several of the largest military hospitals in the area were within a half mile (800 m) from Oakland, many soldiers who died from their wounds were buried here. Shortly after the war ended, a few thousand fallen soldiers from the Atlanta Campaign who were previously buried in battleground graves were moved to the Confederate grounds in Oakland. The area is marked by a large monument known as the Confederate Obelisk. This 65 foot (20 m) tall obelisk is made from granite quarried from Stone Mountain and was dedicated on April 26, 1874, the anniversary of Joseph E. Johnston’s surrender to William Sherman and thus the end of the American Civil War. For a number of years, the Confederate Obelisk was the tallest structure in Atlanta. To the northwest, very close to the obelisk itself, are buried four Confederate generals, John B. Gordon, Lucius J. Gartrell, Clement A. Evans, and William Wright. To the south of the obelisk is a large section of marked military graves. Of special note are the 16 marked graves of Union soldiers that are buried alongside Confederate soldiers. This practice was very uncommon at the time, but was likely done at Oakland due to dwindling burial space. Also located in the Confederate section is one of the most striking monuments at Oakland, the Lion of the Confederacy, or Lion of Atlanta. The lion, which guards a field containing the remains of unknown Confederate and Union dead, was carved by T. M. Brady in 1894 out of the largest piece of marble quarried from north Georgia up to that time. Though Brady claimed that the design was original, with a few exceptions it is actually a near copy of the Swiss Lion of Lucerne.
New Jewish section:
Located relatively close to the old Jewish section contained in the original 6 acres (24,000 m2), the plots designated as the "new" Jewish section were acquired by the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in 1878 and 1892. The burial sites, and the headstones and monuments marking them, reflect the blending of the German-Jewish culture of which the Benevolent Congregation was primarily comprised, and the American culture that the community had adopted. In contrast to this cultural blending are the resting places of members of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue, to which the Benevolent Congregation sold some of the plots. Members of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue were mostly Eastern European Jewish immigrants who were much more Orthodox. Unlike the Benevolent Congregation, the Synagogue sought to preserve their traditional culture and to avoid cultural blending. This is evident in the grave sites of members of the Synagogue, which are identifiable by their use of the Hebrew language and engravings of traditional Jewish symbols. In more recent years, the new Jewish section fell victim to vandalism by two teenaged locals in 1982.
Potter's Field:
Potter's Field is a 7.5 acre (3 hectare) area that is traditionally designated for burial of those without the means to purchase a plot of land. Beyond the outer wall bordering the field is the former Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill (since renovated into loft apartments) and Cabbagetown, both constructed by Jacob Elsas, who is buried in the new Jewish section. By 1884 all of the traditional plots at Oakland had been sold. This meant that peoples' only options for burial at Oakland were to either buy a plot from a private owner or be buried in Potter's Field, and records show that many people opted for the latter. Potter's Field makes a significant contribution to the number of residents at Oakland, as indicated by a 1978 archaeological survey conducted by Georgia State University that revealed the entire area to be occupied by an estimated 17,000 persons.
Black section:
This section of the cemetery is a testament to the period of history during which segregation was at its height in the United States. The entire cemetery reflects the great cultural changes that occurred in Atlanta during its service; from the Jim Crow era exhibited by the segregated black section to the modern era that strives for social equality, as shown by the recent burial of Maynard Jackson on a plot in the original 6 acres (24,000 m2) of Oakland. One striking feature that visitors will notice is that the black section, similarly to the adjoining Potter's Field, lacks a great deal of headstones, monuments, and grave markers in general. This is because many grave markers here were made of wood and other biodegradable materials. These markers have succumbed to the passing of time and as a result have rendered a large portion of the grave sites in the black section unknown. Despite the social difficulties that had to be overcome by African-Americans living in the Southern states at the time, there are several outstanding black figures buried at Oakland who made significant contributions to the history of Atlanta. Some of these include Bishop Wesley John Gaines, Reverend Frank Quarles (an early benefactor of Morehouse College), Carrie Steele Logan, and Antoine Graves, the owner of the only mausoleum in the black section.
Bell Tower:
Before the Bell Tower was constructed in 1899, a farmhouse owned by James E. Williams, who would later be mayor of Atlanta, stood in the spot. From this location, General John B. Hood directed Confederate forces in the Battle of Atlanta on July 22, 1864. The Bell Tower building as it stands today was originally the sexton's office and living quarters. Atop the tower is a bell that was formerly used to signal for workers to gather at that location. The basement was used as a vault for storing coffins awaiting burial. In 1998 the Bell Tower building saw extensive restoration and now serves as the offices of the Historic Oakland Foundation as well as the cemetery's visitor center.
Monuments and mausolea:
As with most cemeteries of comparable size and age, Oakland contains numerous monuments and mausolea that are often outstanding examples of art and symbolism, or are of great historical significance. In the southeast area of the cemetery is a historical marker describing the events surrounding the Great Locomotive Chase, in which Union raiders stole a locomotive with the intent of cutting vital telegraph lines. They were captured by Confederate forces and seven of them were hanged in Oakland and temporarily interred there before being moved to the National Cemetery at Chattanooga. Near the Bell Tower lies a monument dedicated by the City of Atlanta to its first mayor, Moses Formwalt, who was also the youngest Atlanta mayor at 28 years old.
Neoclassical Neal Monument:
Sitting atop a hill near the original 6 acres (24,000 m2) is the Austell Mausoleum, likely the most elaborate in Oakland. The mausoleum was constructed by Alfred Austell, one of the founders of Atlanta National Bank, in the Gothic Revival style. The Austell Mausoleum cost around $90,000 to build in the 1880s, and is estimated to cost over $3 million to replace by today's standards. Another notable burial on the original 6 acres (24,000 m2) is the rose-adorned site of the Marsh family, on which Margaret Mitchell Marsh, author of Gone with the Wind, rests. Near the Marsh grave is a gas lamp that was one of the original 50 installed by the Atlanta Gas Light company in 1856. The lamp, which bears scars from the bombing of Atlanta in 1864, was donated to the cemetery by Franklin Miller Garrett. The keen observer might notice that the plaque that describes the gas lamp's history incorrectly dates the lamp to 1850.
Historic Oakland Foundation:
Since Oakland is not and was never a perpetual care cemetery, maintenance of grave sites was the responsibility of the families of the interred. Of course, time sees the movement of families and the general disconnection with ancestors as generations pass. Because of this, many grave sites have fallen into disrepair from neglect and sometimes vandalism. Therefore, shortly after Oakland was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 28, 1976, the Historic Oakland Foundation was established. The Foundation has overseen the restoration and upkeep of many grave sites, monuments, mausolea, and buildings that had been affected by the ravages of time. Their activity, which is supported by donations, grants, and special events, continues today as they maintain and restore the cemetery as well as provide guided tours of the grounds.
Notable burials:
* 25 former Atlanta mayors, including Moses Formwalt (Atlanta's first mayor), S.B. Spencer and Maynard Jackson (Atlanta's first African-American mayor)
* 6 former Georgia governors: John B. Gordon (1832-02-06 – 1904-01-09), Joseph E. Brown (1821-04-15 – 1894-11-30), Joseph Mackey Brown (1851-12-28 – 1932-03-03), William J. Northen (1835-06-09 – 1913-03-25), John Marshall Slaton (1866-12-25 – 1955-06-11) and Hoke Smith (1855-11-02 – 1931-11-27)
* Martha Atalanta Lumpkin Compton (1827-08-28 – 1917-02-13), daughter of Governor Wilson Lumpkin and namesake of Marthasville, Atlanta's name from 1843 until approximately 1845
* Clement A. Evans (1833-02-25 – 1911-07-02), John B. Gordon, Lucius J. Gartrell, Alfred Iverson, Jr., and William Wright (c. 1822 – c. 1899), Confederate Generals
* William Fuller and Anthony Murphy, Western & Atlantic Railroad employees involved in the Great Locomotive Chase
* Bishop Wesley John Gaines (1840-10-04 – 1912-01-12), Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and founder of Morris Brown College.
Margaret Mitchell Marsh
* Franklin Miller Garrett (1906-09-25 – 2000-03-05), Atlanta historian notable for his extensive survey of Atlanta cemeteries. He was dubbed "Atlanta's Official Historian" and is buried on commons ground on a plot donated by the City of Atlanta.
* Joel Hurt, founder of Inman Park and Druid Hills, two of Atlanta's first planned subdivisions
* Dr. Joseph Jacobs, owner of the pharmacy where John Pemberton first sold Coca-Cola as a soft drink
* Bobby Jones (1902-03-17 – 1971-12-18), the only golf player to win the Grand Slam, the U.S. Amateur, U.S. Open, the The British Amateur and The Open championships in the same year
* Carrie Steele Logan (c. 1829 – 1900-11-03), founder of the first black orphanage in Georgia, now known as the Carrie Steele-Pitts Home. Kept orphans in a boxcar in the rail yard where she worked and brought them home with her at night.
* Margaret Mitchell Marsh, author of Gone with the Wind
* Reverend Frank Quarles, key figure in establishing Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, which later became Spelman College
* Morris and Emanuel Rich, founders of Rich's department store.
* Edward A. Vincent, architect of Atlanta's first passenger depot and publisher of the first official map of the city (unmarked grave).
* Benjamin Franklin White, shape note "singing master", and compiler of the shape note tunebook known as The Sacred Harp.
* Alexander Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America, was interred for a time at Oakland before being moved to his estate near Crawfordville.
2008 Tornado:
On March 14, 2008, Oakland Cemetery sustained significant damage when a tornado tore through downtown Atlanta. The caretaker of the cemetery, Sam Reed, estimated that 50 to 60 trees were toppled and many more significantly damaged. Dozens of headstones and obelisks were also destroyed. Additionally, debris from other damaged buildings was blown into the cemetery; a shredded window blind was “draped like a necklace” around one marker. It was the first tornado to hit the downtown area since weather record keeping began in the 1880s.
A map of the storm shows that the largest intensity of the storm was centered over the cemetery.
As of March 2010, damage from the tornado is still somewhat evident. The trunks and debris from a few downed trees remain to be cleared. However, much of the cleanup has been completed, and Oakland has reopened to visitors.
- Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.)
I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com
and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
- Connection Not Secure messages? Those warnings you get from your browser about this site not having secure connections worry some people. This means this site does not have SSL installed (the link is http:, not https:). That's bad if you're entering credit card numbers, passwords, or other personal information. But this site doesn't collect any personal information so SSL is not necessary. Life's good!
- Photo Contact: [Email Bruce Guthrie].