TN -- Fort Donelson Natl Battlefield -- Natl Cemetery:
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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.
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FTDONC_040609_11.JPG: Bivouac of the Dead
Theodore O'Hara (1820-1867), a U.S. soldier fighting in the Mexican War, 1846-48, penned "Bivouac of the Dead" about the aftermath of a particularly deadly battle--especially the losses of his own Second Kentucky Regiment of Foot Volunteers. O'Hara later fought with the Confederates during the Civil War, including some locations of the first national cemeteries. He died at the age of 47, unaware of the public's appreciation for his poem. Reprinted often in popular press, "Bivouac of the Dead" captured American sentiment and became a fixture on the memorial landscapes of national cemeteries during their single-largest era of development in the wake of the Civil War. Its poignant language and association with these shrines is behind NCA's reintroduction of the verse to its national cemeteries in 2003.
O'Hara wrote "Bivouac of the Dead" to commemorate the casualties at the Battle of Buena Vista in 1847, where more Americans fell--267 dead and 456 wounded--than in any other battle of the war. The popularity of the elegy, a particular type of poem in which the dead are lamented, lasted through the 19th century. After the Civil War, bits of the verse were placed in national cemeteries on crudely painted boards that were probably unsightly. To solve this problem, in the early 1880's, the U.S. Army produced and installed hundreds of permanent, cast-iron tablets depicting four-line excerpts from "Bivouac of the Dead."
Seven versions of the tables were produced historically. They were typically placed along cemetery paths where they could be read by visitors. Most of the tablets disappeared or were removed during the first half of the 20th century. NCA is placing a contemporary "Bivouac of the Dead" tablet in all of its cemeteries that no longer have their originals or have opened since the late 19th century.
The muffled drum's sad roll has beat
The soldier's last tattoo;
No more on Life's parade shall meet
The brave and fallen few.
On Fame's eternal camping-ground
Their silent tents are spread,
And Glory guards, with solemn round,
The bivouac of the dead....
FTDONC_040609_21.JPG: Fort Donelson National Cemetery
The Federal Army abandoned the Confederate fort sometime after the February, 1862 Battle of Fort Donelson and fortified the town of Dover. The town fortification was sufficient to repulse a Confederate attack during the Battle of Dover in February, 1863. The next month, the Federals began building, and continued to fortify until 1865, an earthen fort where the national cemetery is today. It is unusual that they too used the name "Fort Donelson" despite its association with the rebel cause.
The Union camp apparently became a focal point for the new Freedmen. They performed much of the labor in the construction of the Union fort. The refusal of the Union commander to return them to their owners probably established the area as a refuge. Black veterans of the Civil War and Black Citizen employees were the first to be buried here after the Union battle dead had been reinterred.
In the Act of July 17, 1862, Congress authorized the purchase of "cemetery grounds... to be used as a National Cemetery for soldiers who shall die in the service of the country." With the purchase of 15.34 acres in April, 1867, Fort Donelson National Cemetery came into existence. The Union dead were disinterred from their burial places on the battlefield and local cemeteries and reinterred.
FTDONC_040609_22.JPG: These types of markers are used to indicate Civil War dead. In the cemetery, there are 151 known dead and 6 unknown dead from the Civil War.
FTDONC_040609_25.JPG: These blocks indicate unknown dead. There are 498 from Civil War operations, 4 from post-Civil War times.
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2004 photos: Equipment this year: I bought two Fujifilm S7000 digital cameras. While they produced excellent images, I found all of the retractable-lens Fuji models had a disturbing tendency to get dust inside the lens. Dark blurs would show up on the images and the camera had to be sent back to the shop in order to get it fixed. I returned one of the cameras when the blurs showed up in the first month. I found myself buying extended warranties on cameras.
Trips this year: (1) Margot and I went off to Scotland for a few days, my first time overseas. (2) I went to Hawaii on business (such a deal!) and extended it, spending a week in Hawaii and another in California. (3) I went to Tennessee to man a booth and extended it to go to my third Fan Fair country music festival.
Number of photos taken this year: 110,000.
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