BGuthrie Photos: MD -- St. Mary's City

MD -- St. Mary's City:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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[1] STMARY_040710_007.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[2] STMARY_040710_017.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[3] STMARY_040710_022.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. STMARY_040710_007.JPG: Governing "... a convenient place for the administration of justice." This building is a reconstruction of the colony of Maryland's State House, finished in 1676. The original brick State House was located just north of here on a bluff that is now the cemetery of Trinity Episcopal Church. In that building, the Maryland Assembly and courts of law met for nearly twenty years, until the capital moved to Annapolis in 1695. This reconstruction, like its predecessor, is two and half stories tall. The main floor holds a large chamber for gatherings of the Assembly and the Provincial Court. On the second floor is a committee room for joint business of the Lower House and the Proprietor's Council, as well as the Council meeting room and a Secretary's office. Firearms and gunpowder for public defense were kept under lock and key in the attic, This building was constructed as the centerpiece of the Tercentenary Celebration in 1934, marking the 300th anniversary of the founding of Maryland. Time Line: 1634: 140 colonists arrive in Maryland 1662: Calvert House becomes the first official State House 1674: Construction begins on brick State House 1676: State House completed 1695: Capital moves to Annapolis; State House used as County Court Building 1708: State House used by local Anglican parish for next century 1839: State House demolished 1934: State House reconstructed in new location to honor Maryland's 300th anniversary
2. STMARY_040710_017.JPG: The Gift of the Society of the Ark and the Dove whose membership is composed of the lineal descendants of the first colonists who sailed from Cowes, Isle of Wight, November 22, 1633 and planted the Province of Maryland at Saint Mary's City, March 27, 1634. DEO, Patriae et Terrae Mariae
3. STMARY_040710_026.JPG: Trinity Church St Mary's Parish Built 1642 on Smith's Creek, Saint Mary's County; removed to lot near present rectory, Saint Mary's City. In 1695, the capital was removed from Saint Mary's City to Annapolis, and the State House came to be a place of Church of England worship. In 1720, the General Assembly vested the State House and its grounds in the rector and vestry of William and Mary Parish, and it became the chapel of the parish until 1829 when it was razed and the bricks used to build the present church nearby which in 1851 became the parish church of the newly created Saint Mary's Parish. "Lord, thou hast been our refuge from one generation to another."
4. STMARY_040710_090.JPG: The marker is for Leonard Calvert, the first governor of Maryland
5. STMARY_040710_093.JPG: Sharing Land and Legacy This ancient corner of St. Mary's City includes land held by St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's Parish (Trinity Episcopal Church), and the Historic St. Mary's City Commission. They have a long, intertwined history. After Maryland's capital moved to Annapolis in 1695, the original State House of 1676 was given to the Anglican (later Episcopal) Church as a place of worship. Torn down in 1829, its old bricks were re-used in the church that serves as an active congregation here today. Markers showing the location of the original State House can be seen in the cemetery. In 1840, the state of Maryland founded the St. Mary's Female Seminary as a "Monument School of the People." In 1844, the Episcopal parish sold some of its land to the state so that building could begin. The seminary grew into St. Mary's College of Maryland, a distinguished coeducational public honors college. The Historic St. Mary's City Commission was created by the State of Maryland in 1966 to preserve, study, and interpret the history of the first capital. The three "C's" -- Church, College, and Commission -- work together as neighbors to protect and care for this beautiful site.
6. STMARY_040710_097.JPG: A reconstruction of one of the boats that brought the original colonists to the area.
7. STMARY_040710_111.JPG: In memory of Thomas Allen Senior, a passenger of the Ark and Dove expedition, member of Assembly of Maryland 1648, Justice of the Peace of Isle of Kent. Found shot on the sands of Point Lookout, St. Mary's County, Maryland, August 11, 1648. Placed by his descendant in the eleventh generation Marguerite DuPont DeVilliers Boden, 1972.
8. STMARY_040710_131.JPG: Governing "...for the good and happy Government" In 1632, King Charles I granted proprietorship of the Maryland colony to Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. As Proprietor, Calvert was the sole owner. The charter gave him the powers necessary to defend, develop, administer, and fully govern his province as he saw fit, but the laws and structure of government had to be similar to those in England. An Assembly governed the colony. It had two houses, similar to England's House of Lords and Commons. The Governor and his Council, both appointed by the Proprietor, acted as the Upper House. Free men representing each county gathered as the Lower House. No laws could be made or repealed without consent of both houses of the Assembly. The Assembly had various powers including the ability to levy taxes, which were based on the number of men -- servant, free, or enslaved -- in each household. The topic of taxation often sparked furious debate at the Assembly's meetings in St. Mary's City. Timeline: 1632: Maryland Charter granted 1634: 140 colonists arrive in Maryland 1661: Calvert House becomes first official State House 1676: Brick State House built 1689: Protestant Rebellion in Maryland 1692: First Royal Governor arrives in Maryland 1695: Capital moves to Annapolis
9. STMARY_040710_162.JPG: Council Chamber The Council Chamber was the meeting place of the Governor and his councillors, all appointed by the Lord Proprietor. The Council was also the Upper House of Assembly and a court of final appeal. The map over the fireplace is a reproduction of one that Augustine Herman prepared for Lord Baltimore during the 1660's. It was printed in London in 1670.
10. STMARY_040710_167.JPG: Secretary's Office This room was the office of the Secretary of the Province and housed the provincial records. When the State House was completed in 1676, the Secretary was Colonel William Calvert, son of Governor Leonard Calvert. The small window affords an excellent view of the St. Mary's River and on the far shore, Porto Bello and West St. Mary's Manor.
11. STMARY_040710_169.JPG: Daily Living: Out the Door Cleanliness was not next to godliness in 17th-century Maryland. Most people considered bathing unhealthy, and they rarely washed their clothing. Head lice were a common affliction. The early settlers used "sweet bags" of fragrant herbs to mask the ever-present odors. There were no bathrooms at all at that time. Only one outdoor privy from colonial times has been identified in St. Mary's City, but fragments of indoor chamber pots are common. Trash was simply thrown out the door in surface piles called middens. Archeologists find clues about how buildings and yards were used by examining the location and contents of trash middens. Broken pottery, animal bones, oyster shells, and organic wastes can suggest where 17th-century doors, gates, and pathways once existed.
12. STMARY_040710_184.JPG: Because labor was scarce in colonial Maryland, punishments tended to impose humiliation, through branding or whipping, rather than death.
13. STMARY_040710_213.JPG: Taking Shape: All Things Fit for a Capital In 1668, Cecil Calvert, the proprietor of Maryland, incorporated St. Mary's as the first true city in his colony. It gained its own government led by a mayor and alderman. As the capital, St. Mary's City was home to the Assembly, the courts, and the Land Office. Between 1668 and 1695, its residents added many dwellings as well as some specialized buildings appropriate to a capital city. Among those buildings were ordinaries or taverns, law offices, a church, and a printing shop. St. Mary's City was the most populous settlement in early Maryland. It was never large by today's standards. Perhaps 200 year-round residents lived in the area at any one time, compared to a total of about 20,000 in all of Maryland by 1680. The population swelled when the Assembly or the courts met, attracting visitors who required food and lodging.
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Wikipedia Description: St. Mary's City, Maryland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

St. Mary's City, in St. Mary's County, Maryland, is a small unincorporated community near the southernmost end of the state on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. It is located on the eastern shore of the St. Mary's River, a tributary of the Potomac.

St. Mary's City was the original center of the Maryland colony, founded in 1634 with the arrival of the Ark and Dove colony ships. St. Mary's City is the fourth oldest permanent settlement in British North America. St. Mary's City is considered the birthplace of religious toleration in America, owing to the Act Concerning Religion, and the city was also the first place in America where a woman asked for the right to vote, and a man of African descent voted in the Assembly.

A Yaocomico Indian village previously occupied the location, and the English settlers coexisted with them. The City was founded by the Calvert family, and served as Maryland's capital until 1694 when the capital moved to Annapolis. Early Maryland was a proprietary colony owned by the Calverts, aka the Lords Baltimore. They wanted a centralized city, and St. Mary's was even laid out according to a Baroque town plan, but most residents of St. Mary's City preferred to live on tobacco plantations in the surrounding countryside. Still, the city's population increased when the Assembly was in session, and by the late 17th century it boasted a state house, Jesuit chapel, jail, inn, and many other public buildings in addition to private houses. The 17th century city mostly disappeared after 1694, though the land continued to be farmed. Archaeologists began to study the buried city in the mid-20th century. Today it is one of the premier archaeological sites on the East Coast.

Present-day St. Mary's City is primarily the location of St. Mary's College of Maryland and Historic St. Mary's City which runs a tourist center and archeological site devoted to colonial St. Mary's.
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2004 photos: Equipment this year: I bought two Fujifilm S7000 digital cameras. While they produced excellent images, I found all of the retractable-lens Fuji models had a disturbing tendency to get dust inside the lens. Dark blurs would show up on the images and the camera had to be sent back to the shop in order to get it fixed. I returned one of the cameras when the blurs showed up in the first month. I found myself buying extended warranties on cameras. Trips this year: (1) Margot and I went off to Scotland for a few days, my first time overseas. (2) I went to Hawaii on business (such a deal!) and extended it, spending a week in Hawaii and another in California. (3) I went to Tennessee to man a booth and extended it to go to my third Fan Fair country music festival. Number of photos taken this year: 110,000.
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