AZ -- Grand Canyon Natl Park -- South Rim -- Man-made Structures:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- GRCSM_030602_04.JPG: Hopi House. Designed by Mary Colter, this was her first major assignment at Grand Canyon. It opened in 1905 with the El Tovar Hotel. When it first opened, it sold Hopi crafts (as it does today) but even had Hopi Indians working on the roof making more.
- GRCSM_030602_05.JPG: Lookout Studio. While it looks like it's falling apart, the studio is basically the way Mary Colter designed it. Completed in 1914, it tries to conform to the natural appearance of the area, something that Frederick Law Olmsted pushed for. There was a telescope set up in the top room so visitors could look down at the Bright Angel Trail before or after traveling it by pack mule. The studio was built by the Fred Harvey Company to compete with the nearby Kolb Studio.
- GRCSM_030602_10.JPG: The Lookout Studio had a nice display going on which featured art commemorating many of the national parks in the system.
- GRCSM_030602_11.JPG: Powell Memorial:
Erected by the Congress of the United States to Major John Wesley Powell, first explorer of the Grand Canyon who descended the river with his party in rowboats, traversing the gorge beneath this point August 17, 1869 and again September 1, 1872.
1869 party: John C. Sumner, Walter H. Powell, G.Y. Bradley, William R. Hawkins, Andrew Hall.
1872 party: A.H. Thompson, F.S. Dellenbaugh, John K. Hillers, Stephen V. Jones, W. Clement Powell, Andrew J. Hattan.
- GRCSM_030602_19.JPG: Powell Memorial. This monument was built in 1915 to honor the first party to run the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon and their leader, John Wesley Powell. Powell has been an artillery major in the Civil War. In 1869, he set out with four wooden boats and nine other men to explore the Colorado River. Three months later, six near-naked, half-starved men made it through. (The four who quit the expedition basically chickened out. Three exited a few days before the end of the trip and were killed. Mormons claimed they were killed by Southern Paiutes. Others, however, presume that the Mormons themselves killed the travelers who they would have suspected of being federal spies.) In 1871, Powell came back with a new crew. He went on to be the second director of the US Geological Survey and a staunch advocate of the conservation of public lands.
- GRCSM_030602_24.JPG: Tusayan Museum and Ruin
Cohonina and ancestral Pueblo (Kayenta Anasazi) people lived in this area in prehistoric time. The ancestral Puebloans built Tusayan about AD 1185. A visit to the museum and a short walk through the remains of the village will furnish a glimpse of the way of life of people at Grand Canyon more than 800 years ago.
Excavation of the Tusayan ruin was conducted in 1930 under the direction of Harold S. Gladwin and the staff of the Gila Pueblo of Globe, Arizona. They named it Tusayan following the Spanish nomenclature for the district; the exact meaning of the word Tusayan is lost to us. The museum was established to interpret the partially-excavated ruin. The ruin is unique in that no attempt was made at reconstruction, and portions of the ruin were deliberately left unexcavated - standard procedure today, but unheard of in 1930. The site represents the westernmost extension of the Kayenta Anasazi. It is one of the most heavily visited archeological sites in the National Park system.
- GRCSM_030602_25.JPG: Tusayan Ruin Trail
Allow about 30 minutes to tour Tusayan Ruin. The 0.1 mile loop trail through the main ruin is paved and wheelchair-accessible; the side loop to a prehistoric farming site is not. Signs along the way explain the site's features. An interpretive trail guide with greater detail about Tusayan's inhabitants is available to your right.
Tusayan Ruin is a remnant of a small village of about 30 people who lived here for 25 to 30 years in the late 1100s. The architecture was typical for that period. Pueblo architecture varied according to availability of local materials. Here, builders used limestone blocks held together with mud.
The name "Tusayan" was the Spanish name for this geographic area, and was given to the ruin by archeologists who excavated the site in 1930.
- GRCSM_030602_29.JPG: Tasayan Ruin. This is an Indian ruin that lies within the park. Cohonina and ancestral Pueblo (Kayenta Anasazi) people built the structure in AD 1185. The site was excavated in the 1930's. The ruin has 15 or 16 rooms including a kiva, storage rooms, and living quarters. They figure about 30 people lived here for 25 to 30 years. Limestone blocks were held together with mud. This picture shows the central kiva. Storage rooms go off to the right and living quarters go back on the left.
- GRCSM_030602_30.JPG: Large Kiva
The kiva was a ceremonial room. Its basic structure developed from ancestral Pueblo pithouses. Various activities took place here, including storage, ceremonies, rites, and festivals. Public portions of these ceremonies were usually held in the plaza.
- GRCSM_030602_33.JPG: Storage Rooms:
These rooms, noticeably smaller than the living quarters in the center of the pueblo were built for storage.
- GRCSM_030602_38.JPG: San Francisco Peaks
In the distance you can see Humphreys Peak, the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 ft (3851m). Forty-eight miles south of here, Humphreys Peak is one of a series of mountains known as the San Francisco Peaks, which once were active volcanoes. Geologically young, the peaks formed in the past six million years or so and have been active as recently as 1000 years ago.
What did the inhabitants of Tusayan think about the huge mountains, or did Tusayan's prehistoric residents view them as a spiritual place? This view is held today by the Hopi, who are believed to be modern spiritual descendents of the ancestral Pueblo people of this area. The Hopi people believe that the San Francisco Peaks are the dwelling place of the Kachinas, their ancestral spirits.
- AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
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