PA -- Shanksville -- Flight 93 National Memorial:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- F93_020907_01.JPG: In 2002, ten months after the 9/11 attacks, the area near Shanksville, Pennsylvania by the site of the crashed Flight 93 was a make-shift memorial. The crash site itself stayed an active crash investigation site and the new National Park Service memorial opened in 2015. The exact area of the crash is still closed off to the public although rangers will take family members out to it.
- F93_020907_26.JPG: If you look far in the distance, you can see a flag indicating where the plane crashed.
- F93_020907_46.JPG: Flight 93 memorial in Shanksville
- F93_020907_72.JPG: Flight 93 memorial in Shanksville
- Wikipedia Description: Flight 93 National Memorial
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Flight 93 National Memorial protects the site of the crash of United Airlines Flight 93, which was hijacked in the September 11, 2001 attacks, in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, about 2 miles north of Shanksville, Pennsylvania and 60 miles southeast of Pittsburgh. A temporary memorial to the 40 victims was established soon after the crash, with a permanent memorial slated to be constructed and completed by 2011. The current design for the memorial is a modified version of the entry Crescent of Embrace by Paul and Milena Murdoch.
The jetliner crashed west of Skyline Road, about 2.5 miles south of U.S. Route 30 (Lincoln Highway), 1.5 miles west of Indian Lake, and about 2 miles north of Shanksville.
Temporary memorial"
The site of the crash is closed to the public except for victims' family members. The temporary memorial is located on a hilltop 500 yards from the crash site. It consists of a 40-foot (to commemorate the 40 passengers) chain-link fence on which visitors can leave flags, hats, rosaries, and other items. Next to the fence are several memorials such as a bronze plaque of names, flags, and a large cross. There is also a guardrail on which visitors may leave messages. There is a small building with a guestbook. The building is staffed by Park Service volunteers, called ambassadors, who answer questions.
Permanent memorial:
Of the four aircraft hijacked on September 11, Flight 93 is the only one that did not reach its intended target, presumed to be the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The passengers had learned about the attacks on the World Trade Center through cellular telephone calls to family. It is believed that at least flight attendants Cee Cee Lyles and Sandra Bradshaw and passengers Todd Beamer, Mark Bingham, Tom Burnett, Andrew Garcia, Jeremy Glick, and Richard Guadagno (and perhaps others) fought the hijackers. The plane crashed into the Pennsylvania field shortly after 10 a.m., killing all on board, but no one on the ground.
On March 7, 2002, Congressman John Murtha (PA-12) introduced a bill in the United States House of Representatives to establish a National Memorial to be developed by a commission, and ultimately administered by the National Park Service. On April 16, 2002, Senator Arlen Specter (PA) introduced a version of the "Flight 93 National Memorial Act" in the Senate. On September 10, 2002 the bill passed both houses of Congress. The final bill specifically excluded the four hijackers from the passengers to be memorialized. When signed by President George W. Bush on September 24, 2002, it became Public Law No. 107-226, and the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
By Sept. 2005, the commission was required to send to the Secretary of the Interior and Congress recommendations for the planning, design, construction, and long-term management of a permanent memorial. The proposed boundaries of the National Memorial extend from Lambertsville Road to U.S. Highway 30. It will be about 2,200 acres, of which about 1,200 will be privately held, but protected through partnership agreements.
Design competition:
Initial design selection:
The commission decided to select the final design for the memorial through a multi-stage design competition funded by grants from the Heinz Foundations and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. The competition began on September 11, 2004. More than 1,000 entries were submitted. In February 2005, five finalists were selected for further development and consideration. The 15-member final jury included family members, design and art professionals, and community and national leaders. After three days of review and debate, they announced the winner on September 7, 2005: Crescent of Embrace by a design team led by Paul and Milena Murdoch of Los Angeles.
The design featured a "Tower of Voices," containing 40 wind chimes — one for each passenger and crew member who died. Two stands of red maple trees would line a walkway following the natural bowl shape of the land. Forty groves of red and sugar maples and eastern white oak trees were to be planted behind the crescent. A black slate wall would mark the edge of the crash site, where the victims are buried.
Controversy:
This design drew criticism because it was entitled "Crescent Embrace". The crescent is a symbol of Islam, and the terrorists who hijacked the aircraft were Muslim and conducted the attacks in the name of Islam.
Jury member Tom Burnett Sr., whose son (Tom Burnett) died in the crash, said he made an impassioned speech to his fellow jurors about what he felt the crescent represented. "I explained this goes back centuries as an old-time Islamic symbol," Burnett said. "I told them we'd be a laughing stock if we did this." Representative Tom Tancredo of Colorado has opposed the design's shape "because of the crescent's prominent use as a symbol in Islam."
Mike Rosen of the Rocky Mountain News wrote: "On the anniversaries of 9/11, it's not hard to visualize al-Qaeda celebrating the crescent of maple trees, turning red in the fall, "embracing" the Flight 93 crash site. To them, it would be a memorial to their fallen martyrs. Why invite that? Just come up with a different design that eliminates the double meaning and the dispute."
The design's crescent is also oriented toward Mecca. One blogger conceded that it may have been a coincidence, but said, "But what a coincidence! Memorials are symbols above all and it may be inappropriate to commemorate Flight 93 with a Red Crescent facing Mecca."
The architect asserts that this is coincidental and that there was no intent to refer to Muslim symbols. Several victims' families agreed, including the family of Ed Felt.
The Council on American-Islamic Relations has denounced criticism as Islamophobic.
Others criticized the design as too non-representational. "We don't need giant statues of the guys ramming the drink cart into the door. But pedantic though such a monument might be, future generations would infer the plot. All you get from a Crescent of Embrace is a sorrowful sigh of all-encompassing grief and absolution, as if the lives of all who died on that spot were equal in tragedy. They were not," wrote James Lileks, a journalist and architectural commentator.
Design modifications:
In response to criticism, the designer has agreed to modify the plan. The architect believes that the central elements can be maintained to satisfy criticism. "It's a disappointment there is a misinterpretation and a simplistic distortion of this, but if that is a public concern, then that is something we will look to resolve in a way that keeps the essential qualities," Murdoch, 48, said in a telephone interview to the Associated Press.
The redesigned memorial has the plain shape of a circle (as opposed to a crescent) bisected by the flight's trajectory. "The circle enhances the earlier design by putting more emphasis on the crash site, officials said in the newsletter. A break in the trees will symbolize the path the plane took as it crashed." There is criticism that the redesign does not address any of the issues with the original design.
Construction:
The cost of the permanent memorial is estimated at $57 million, and will be covered by $30 million in private donations, plus federal and state funds. The permanent memorial is planned to be dedicated on September 11, 2011. As of April 2007, only $11 million had been raised, falling short of the fundraising goal.
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