BGuthrie Photos: MD -- Baltimore -- Federal Hill incl views from

MD -- Baltimore -- Federal Hill incl views from:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Wikipedia Description: Federal Hill, Baltimore
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Federal Hill is a neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, United States that lies just to the south of the city's central business district.

Location:
The neighborhood is named for the prominent hill that is easily viewed from the Inner Harbor area, to which the neighborhood forms the physical south boundary. The hillside is a lush green and serves as a community park. The neighborhood occupies the northwestern part of a peninsula that extends along two branches of the Patapsco River—the Northwest Branch (ending at the Inner Harbor) and the Middle Branch. This peninsula is generally referred to as the South Baltimore Peninsula, and includes the neighborhoods of Federal Hill, Locust Point, South Baltimore, and Sharp-Leadenhall. While not physically a part of the peninsula, Otterbein is also included in the collection of neighborhoods which make up greater South Baltimore. Traditionally, Federal Hill was roughly triangular, bordered by Hanover Street to the west; Hughes Street, the harbor, and Key Highway to the north and east; and Fort Avenue to the south.

Early history:
From early in the history of the city, the hill was a public gathering place and civic treasure. The hill itself was given the name in 1789 after serving as the location for the end of a parade and a following civic celebration of the ratification of the new "Federal" constitution of the United States of America. For much of the early history of Baltimore, the hill was know as Signal Hill because it was home to a maritime observatory serving the merchant and shipping interests of the city by observing the sailing of ships up the Patapsco River and signalling their impending arrival to downtown businesspeople.

Following the Baltimore riot of 1861, the hill was occupied (against orders from Washington) in the middle of the night by Union troops under the command of General Benjamin F. Butler, who had entered the city stealthily from Annapolis via the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. During the night, Butler and his men erected a small fort, with cannon pointing towards the central business district. Their goal was to guarantee the allegiance of the city and the state of Maryland to the Federal Government under threat of force. This fort and the Union occupation persisted for the duration of the Civil War. A large flag, a few cannon, and a small Grand Army of the Republic monument remain to testify to this period of the hill's history.

Recent history: A study in gentrification:
In the 20th century, Federal Hill was a working class neighborhood, and by the late 1970s was yet another struggling Baltimore inner-city neighborhood, with increasing crime, racial tension, depressed property values, and an aging and decaying housing stock. Many of the industrial jobs, particularly in the shipyards and factories along the south shore of the Patapsco River, which had long provided the main source of employment for neighborhood residents were in the process of disappearing. The Bethlehem Steel shipyards on the east side of the hill were one of the last to close, in the early 1980s. The nationally-recognized urban homesteading program in nearby Otterbein, begun in 1975, helped spur interest among individuals and businesses in rehabilitating homes in Federal Hill, and it soon became a hotbed of investment and rehabilitation, particularly by young professional baby boomers who had grown up in the suburbs but worked downtown and longed for the excitement and community of urban living.

The investment and growth throughout downtown and especially at the Inner Harbor through the 1980s and 1990s only increased the popularity of Federal Hill living over the decades following the initial reinvestment period. A second period of intense investment and rising property values began in the mid 1990s as the neighborhood was again "discovered" by a new generation of young professionals, which now included many of the children of the baby boomers. This second stage of neighborhood investment has included not just single-family home rehabilitation but increasingly large development projects on former industrial sites, particularly on the edges of the neighborhood around the water's edge. Within the core of the neighborhood itself, there has been an influx of new restaurants and shops.

Much of working class South Baltimore to the south of Cross Street has been redefined as part of Federal Hill particularly by those in the real estate business. This distinction is not shared by the city government, academic observers, many neighborhood residents, or official neighborhood organization boundaries. One resident noted in an interview with the Baltimore Sun that he "lived all his life in South Baltimore and then woke up one day in Federal Hill." This remark is characteristic of the tension along lines of class, race, and neighborhood identity that exists in many gentrifying communities, and is particularly true of the so-called "South Federal Hill" and Locust Point areas, along with the rest of the South Baltimore peninsula. The same real estate-driven expansion of Federal Hill is pressing on the borders of the most blighted neighborhood in South Baltimore, the historic African-American community of Sharp-Leadenhall which is one of the earliest African-American communities in Baltimore. Residents there fear the loss of cultural and neighborhood identity while at the same time hope for some share of the improvement that has come to Federal Hill and other surrounding communities.

In Federal Hill, as in many other neighborhoods characterized by the demographic shift and accompanying increase in property values that many refer to as "gentrification", long term families and elderly residents can be forced out of their generations-old homes due to rising property taxes.
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