BGuthrie Photos: Canada -- Ontario -- Ottawa -- Parliament

Canada -- Ontario -- Ottawa -- Parliament:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. OTTPAR_980729_001.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Peace Tower This is a nighttime shot of the Peace Tower.
2. OTTPAR_980729_002.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Main Entrance Here's the main entrance to the Central Block at Parliament Hill.
3. OTTPAR_980729_003.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Figures This is one of the gargoyles on the main tower at Parliament Hill. The windows just below the clock are the observation deck.
4. OTTPAR_980730_001.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Peace Tower Here's the central Peace Tower at Parliament Hill, taken during the changing of the guards. The Canadian flag itself was adopted in 1965. The changing of the guards is purely ceremonial, occuring June to August for the tourists. The guards also do sentry duty at Rideau Hall, the official residence of the Queen's representative, the governor-general of Canada. The Peace Tower was built from 1919-27, dedicated to the more than 60,000 Canadian soldiers who died during World War I.
5. OTTPAR_980730_002.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Peace Tower Another picture of the Peace Tower.
6. OTTPAR_980730_003.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Peace Tower They're big on gargoyles for Parliament Hill. Those are the rain gutters on the towers. The Peace Tower is in the middle.
7. OTTPAR_980730_004.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Peace Tower A nighttime shot of the Central Block.
8. OTTPAR_980730_005.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Library A nighttime shot of the Library of Parliament. It's a sixteen-sided building with flying buttresses.
9. OTTPAR_980730_006.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Centre Block; Hall This is the hallway inside the Central Block taken from the landing leading up to the Peace Tower. The Peace Tower has an observation booth about 270 feet tall that gives you a good view of the city.
10. OTTPAR_980730_007.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; View From River Here's a view of Parliament Hill taken from the bridge that crosses the Ottawa River. The water in front of it is connected to the Rideau Canal. The Library of Parliament is the huge structure in the middle.
11. OTTPAR_980730_008.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; View From River Another view of Parliament Hill. You can see the locks from the Rideau Canal on the left.
12. OTTPAR_980730_009.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Figures This is a close-up of the lion that protects the main entrance of the Central Block. It's the symbol of Britain.
13. OTTPAR_980730_010.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Figures This is a closer-up view of the lion.
14. OTTPAR_980730_011.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Figures This is one of the rams that sits above the side-entrance into the Central Block.
15. OTTPAR_980730_012.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Figures Another close-up.
16. OTTPAR_980730_013.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Figures Another close-up.
17. OTTPAR_980730_014.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Figures Another close-up.
18. OTTPAR_980730_015.JPG: Ottawa; Parliament Hill; Figures This is the statuary above the door on the entrance to the East Block.
Wikipedia Description: Parliament Hill
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Parliament Hill (colloquially The Hill, French Colline du Parlement) is a scenic location on the southern banks of the Ottawa River in downtown Ottawa, Ontario. Its Gothic revival suite of buildings – the Parliament Buildings – serves as the home of the Parliament of Canada; the best known of these buildings is the Centre Block, with its prominent Peace Tower, a national symbol. Parliament Hill attracts approximately 3 million visitors each year.

History:

Parliament Hill is a limestone outcrop with a gently sloping top. For thousands of years it served as a landmark on the Ottawa River for First Nations, and later European traders, adventurers and industrialists, to mark their journey to the interior of the continent. After Ottawa, then called Bytown, was founded, the builders of the Rideau Canal used the hill as a location for a military base, naming it Barrack Hill. A large fortress was planned for the site, but was never built, and by 1858 it had lost its strategic importance.

In that same year, Queen Victoria selected Bytown as the capital of the Province of Canada. Barrack Hill was chosen as the site for the new parliament buildings, given its prominence over both the town and the river, as well as the fact that it was already owned by the Crown. Within less than two years, on December 20, 1859, ground was broken on the site; by summer of the following year, Prince Edward, Prince of Wales, laid the cornerstone of the new parliament. It became the largest project undertaken in North America to that date. The complex was not completed, however, when three colonies of British North America confederated, with the potential for others to join as provinces, with Ottawa remaining the capital. Thus, the bureaucracy of parliament spread to buildings beyond Parliament Hill even at that early date.

By 1876 the structures of Parliament Hill were completed, along with the wrought iron fence and Queen's Gates, forged by Ives & Co. of Montreal. However, the grounds had yet to be properly designed; Governor General Lord Dufferin sent chief architect Thomas Scott to New York City to meet with Calvert Vaux and view Central Park. Vaux completed a layout for the landscape, including the present day driveways, terraces, and main lawn; Scott created more informal grounds to the sides of and behind the parliament.

The Centre Block was destroyed by fire on February 3, 1916. Despite the ongoing war, the original cornerstone was re-laid by Governor General Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, on September 1, 1916; exactly fifty-six years after his brother, by now the late King Edward VII, had first set it. Eleven years later the new tower was completed, dedicated as the Peace Tower in commemoration of the Canadians who had lost their lives during the First World War.

Parliament buildings:

The entire parliamentary precinct measures 112,360 m�, bounded on the north by the Ottawa River, on the east by the Rideau Canal, on the south by Wellington Street, and on the west by a service road near the Supreme Court.

The main buildings are: the Centre Block, built between 1865 and 1927, containing the House of Commons and Senate chambers, and featuring the Peace Tower and Library of Parliament; the East Block, built in two stages in 1867 and 1910, containing senators' offices and preserved Confederation-era rooms; and the West Block, built in 1865, containing ministers' and MPs' offices and meeting rooms. The three blocks are disposed around a large grassy quadrangle, while the Centre Block is surrounded by lawns and a walk overlooking the Ottawa River. The Library of Parliament was opened in 1876. The Legislature of the Province of Canada met for the first time in the new building on June 8, 1866, and the new Parliament of the Dominion of Canada began its first session there on November 6, 1867.

The overall site is in a combination of the High Victorian Gothic, English garden, formal garden styles popular at the end of the 19th century. The Palace of Westminster and precinct had recently been rebuilt in a similar style, and the choice of a gothic rather than an American inspired neoclassical design, was a symbol of Canada's continued links to Britain.

The only structure on Parliament Hill to have been purposefully demolished was the building, which had been behind the West Block, that housed the Supreme Court between 1889 and 1945. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s there were discussions to tear down other parliamentary precinct buildings, including the Library of Parliament and West Block for new structures, and the East Block for parking. None of these plans were carried out.

Plans:

Since 2002 a thorough renovation project has been going on across the parliamentary precinct, specifically focusing on West Block renovations, security of perimeters, pedestrian and vehicle screening, circulation of traffic/delivery and parking. Increased costs due to greater deterioration of the heritage buildings. Significant increase in building commodities (steel) and labour costs (highly specialized and skilled trades) Increased allowances for risks based on experience with other heritage rehabilitation projects such as the Library of Parliament. In 2012, the Centre Block is scheduled to be closed for five years for an extensive interior renovation. In preparation, the other buildings are being renovated and expanded first; the inner courtyards of the West and East Blocks will be enclosed, and temporary chambers for the House of Commons and Senate installed. ...

Statues and monuments:

Numerous statues and monuments are arranged across Parliament Hill, mostly on the grounds behind the three blocks. The following is a list of the statues and monuments, in order of their date completed, or, if the date is unknown, in alphabetical order:

* Queen Victoria - located north of the West Block; sculpted by Louis-Philippe H�bert (1900)
* Alexander Mackenzie - located west of the Centre Block; sculpted by Louis-Philippe H�bert (1901)
* Henry Albert Harper / Galahad - located outside the Queen's Gates, facing Centre Block; sculpted by Ernest Wise Keyser (1905)
* George Brown - located west of the Centre Block; sculpted by George William Hill (1913)
* Robert Baldwin and Sir Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine - located east of the Centre Block; sculpted by Walter Seymour Allward (1914)
* Sir Wilfrid Laurier - located south of the East Block; sculpted by Joseph-�mile Brunet (1922)
* Sir Robert Laird Borden - located west of the West Block; sculpted by Frances Loring (1957)
* Queen Elizabeth II - located east of the Centre Block; sculpted by Jack Harman (1977)
* John George Diefenbaker - located north of the West Block; sculpted by Leo Mol (1985)
* Lester Bowles Pearson - located north of the West Block; sculpted by Danek Mozdzenski (1989)
* Sir George-�tienne Cartier - located west of the Centre Block; sculpted by Louis-Philippe H�bert
* The Famous Five - depicts the women's suffrage movement (Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby, Emily Murphy, Louise McKinney and Henrietta Muir Edwards); sculpted by Barbara Paterson; the monument is featured on the reverse of the current $50 banknote
* Sir John A. Macdonald - located east of the Centre Block; sculpted by Louis-Philippe H�bert
* William Lyon Mackenzie King - located north of the East Block; sculpted by Raoul Hunter
* Thomas D'Arcy McGee - located north of the Centre Block; sculpted by George William Hill

Other memorials on Parliament Hill include

* Centennial Flame - located in front of the Centre Block; commemorates the Centennial of Canada (1967)
* Canadian Police Memorium - located north of the Centre Block (1995)
* Victoria Tower Bell (1875-1877) - located north of the Centre Block; original bell of the first Centre Block tower (2000)
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