Venezuela -- Amuay -- Paraguaná Refinery Complex:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- AMUAY_580026_04.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_08.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_11.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_17.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_20.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_26.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_31.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_37.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_40.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_43.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_49.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_53.JPG: Refinery -- Oil storage
- AMUAY_580026_59.JPG: Refinery
- AMUAY_580026_65.JPG: Refinery -- Judibana
- AMUAY_580026_71.JPG: Refinery -- Judibana
- AMUAY_580026_75.JPG: Refinery -- Judibana
- AMUAY_580026_81.JPG: Refinery -- Judibana
- AMUAY_580026_88.JPG: Refinery -- Judibana
- Wikipedia Description: Paraguaná Refinery Complex
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Paraguaná Refinery Complex (Spanish: Centro de Refinación de Paraguaná) is a crude oil refinery complex in Venezuela. It is considered the world's third largest refinery complex, just after Jamnagar Refinery (India) and Ulsan Refinery [fr] (South Korea). The Paraguaná Refinery Complex was created by the fusion of Amuay Refinery, Bajo Grande Refinery and Cardón Refinery. The Paraguana Refinery Complex is still the largest refinery in the Western Hemisphere. As of 2012, it refined 955 thousand barrels per day (151,800 m3/d). The complex is located in the Paraguaná Peninsula in Falcón state (Amuay and Cardón refineries) and the western coast of Lake Maracaibo in the Zulia state (Bajo Grande Refinery). The complex accounts for 71% of the refining capacity of Venezuela and it belongs to the state-owned company Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA).
History
The Cardón Refinery of Royal Dutch Shell started operations in 1949 with capacity to refine 30 thousand barrels per day (4,800 m3/d). It currently[when?] handles 305 thousand barrels per day (48,500 m3/d). The Amuay Refinery was established by Creole Petroleum in 1950. It started having a capacity of 60 thousand barrels per day (9,500 m3/d) and nowadays[when?] it can refine 645 thousand barrels per day (102,500 m3/d). The Bajo Grande Refinery, built in 1956 by Richmond (now Chevron), has the capacity to refine 16 thousand barrels per day (2,500 m3/d).
In 1997, a joint venture of BOC Gases and Foster Wheeler built a 50 million cubic feet per day (1.4×106 m3/d) hydrogen production facility next to the Amuay refinery. This hydrogen facility was the largest in South America.
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