BGuthrie Photos: VA -- Newport News -- Mariner's Museum -- Nelson Touch

VA -- Newport News -- Mariner's Museum -- Nelson Touch:

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[1] MARNEL_120922_002.JPG	[2] MARNEL_120922_008.JPG	[3] MARNEL_120922_009.JPG
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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. MARNEL_120922_009.JPG: "I laid before them the plan I had previously arranged for attacking the enemy... when I came to explain to them the Nelson Touch it was like an electric shock. Some shed tears, all approved -- it was new -- it was singular -- it was simple!" -- Horatio Nelson, October 1805 France declared war on Britain in 1793, and for the next 12 years Britons lived in constant fear of invasion. With the seemingly unstoppable armies of Napoleon Bonaparte crashed through Europe, Britain's best line of defense was her "wooden walls": the Royal Navy. As the Navy endeavored to defend British interests, the world witnessed naval battles of epic proportions. From these turbulent battles emerged one of the world's most revered naval commanders -- a man glorified by the citizens of Britain and Europe as their savior: Horatio Nelson. October 21, 2005 marked the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar, Admiral Horatio Nelson's greatest victory. The Nelson Touch explores the naval career and the fighting skills of one of the world's greatest naval heroes.
2. MARNEL_120922_012.JPG: Who Was Horatio Nelson? Horatio Nelson, an admiral in Britain's Royal Navy in the late 18th century, is generally regarded as one of the world's greatest military leaders. Nelson was a master of assessing a battle situation and all of the tactical possibilities at his disposal. Planning and tactics went only so far, however. Ultimately it was his warfighting style that was the deciding factor in each of his major victories. Under Nelson, the Royal Navy became one of the most successful naval forces of all time. Following the battle of Trafalgar, Britain ruled the seas and Nelson, achieving his greatest victory, became one of the most revered naval commanders in history. As a commander, Nelson was dedicated to the physical and mental well-being of his men. His charismatic leadership style and compassion for his men earned him the unswerving devotion of his captains and crews. Nelson had a complex personality with seemingly contradictory characteristics. For example, he always sought the annihilation of his opponent yet he was humane and compassionate to those he defeated. Although devoted to king, country, and the men who served under him, he was also vain and self-serving. Aggressive and ruthless in battle, he could be gentle, encouraging, and generous.
3. MARNEL_120922_020.JPG: Captain Horatio Nelson Jonathan Guiness after John Francis Rigaud's 1781 portrait, ca 2000 This portrait was begun before Horatio left for the West Indies and not finished until he returned. To commemorate his role in the Nicaraguan campaign, he had the artist add Fort San Juan to the background.
4. MARNEL_120922_027.JPG: The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte: "France must destroy the English monarchy, or expect itself to be destroyed by these intriguing and enterprising islanders... Let us concentrate all our efforts on the navy and annihilate England. That done, Europe is at our feet." -- Napoleon Bonaparte In 1789, the French Revolution transformed that country's political and social landscape. The monarchy was overthrown and replaced with a series of governments until a major coup in 1799 brought about the dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte. Although Napoleon's army was the most feared throughout Europe, his navy never matched that of Britain. He tried to overcome this disadvantage through treaties and alliances with other seafaring countries. The Royal Navy was Britain's best offensive and defensive weapon, and the world witnessed epic naval battles as Britain sought to contain the French.
5. MARNEL_120922_032.JPG: The Rise of Horatio Nelson: For almost half of Horatio Nelson's life, Britain was at war with France. Growing up in an era when France constantly posed a threat to Britain's existence, Nelson, like many Britons, thought that the destruction of France was the only way to achieve peace. He felt that the best way to stop France was to remove her ability to fight by destroying her navy. For centuries, naval warfare had been fought according to standardized tactics; and the battles often ended in stalemates or partial victories. Not satisfied with minimal success, Nelson avidly studied naval battles and tactics, combining the successful methods of each to create his own particular warfighting style. During the four major battles of his career, his warfighting style and leadership skills transformed the art of naval warfare.
6. MARNEL_120922_051.JPG: Nelson in 1797: "Example is not the main thing in influencing others, it is the only thing." -- Albert Schweitzer Nelson described 1797 as one in which his "personal courage was more conspicuous than at any other period" in his life. Energized by his success at the battle of Cape St. Vincent, Nelson participated in several actions that, despite his displays of courage, failed miserably. When a blockade of Cadiz failed to lure the Spanish into battle, Nelson bombarded the dockyard and arsenal to force them to fight. The Spanish retaliated with an attack using small boats. When one of his captains had trouble rallying his men, Nelson leapt [sic] into his barge and led the counterattack himself. With a cry of "follow the admiral," the hesitant men quickly joined the fight. Battle of Tenerife, July 22-25, 1797: Nelson was not always successful in battle. Despite careful planning and discussion with his captains, three attempts to capture the town of Santa Cruz de Tenerife were repulsed by its Spanish defenders. After the first two attempts failed, Nelson led the third but was shot as he stepped ashore. Although severely injured, Nelson insisted the barge transporting him back to his ship stop and rescue the survivors of a sinking cutter.
7. MARNEL_120922_071.JPG: The Destruction of the French Fleet off the Nile, on the 1st August, 1798: Robert Clevely, England, 1798 Several English ships attacked L'Orient during the battle. The flagship caught fire and erupted into a tremendous explosion. The fire was so intense it could be seen nine miles away in Alexandria, and the explosion was so catastrophic it halted the battle for nearly ten minutes. Following the explosion, Nelson ordered the ship's boats into the water to save as many men as possible. In striking contrast to his drive to annihilate his enemies, Nelson also displayed compassion.
8. MARNEL_120922_134.JPG: Nelson's Death "A glorious death is to be envied." -- Horatio Nelson, March 1795 Early in the battle, Nelson was mortally wounded as he paced the quarterdeck. He was carried below deck to the surgeon who determined that nothing could be done to save him. In terrible pain, Nelson tenaciously clung to life waiting for news of the battle. Around 3:30, he was assured that the British had achieved a great victory. Satisfied, he uttered his final words, "Thank God I have done my duty," and quietly passed away.
9. MARNEL_120922_138.JPG: Nelson's Death "A glorious death is to be envied." -- Horatio Nelson, March 1795 Early in the battle, Nelson was mortally wounded as he paced the quarterdeck. He was carried below deck to the surgeon who determined that nothing could be done to save him. In terrible pain, Nelson tenaciously clung to life waiting for news of the battle. Around 3:30, he was assured that the British had achieved a great victory. Satisfied, he uttered his final words, "Thank God I have done my duty," and quietly passed away. Nelson's Funeral: "Our dear Admiral Nelson is killed! All the men in our ship... are such soft toads, they have done nothing but blast their eyes and cry e'er since he was killed. Chaps that fought like the devil, sit down and cry like a wench." -- A seaman aboard HMS Royal Sovereign It took more than a month for Victory to sail from Gibraltar to England. Once there, Nelson's body was placed in a set of three coffins; one of which was made from a section of the L'Orient's mainmast. He lay in state at Greenwich Hospital for three days. On January 8, 1806, Nelson was conveyed from Greenwich to the Admiralty Building at Whitehall. He received a state funeral and was buried in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral the following day.
10. MARNEL_120922_154.JPG: The Nelson Legacy: "There is but one Nelson." -- John Jervis, Lord St. Vincent Horatio Nelson is remembered for the stunning victories he achieved. His legacy however, is more profound that just his warfighting skills. He is also remembered for his devotion and care for his officers and crews. Nelson was a brilliant leader and was able to communicate his ideas to those he depended upon to carry them out. The ships in his fleet were best equipped and his crews the best trained. The impact Horatio Nelson made upon the Royal Navy made it the most feared of its time and elevated him to a position he still commands today, as Britain's Greatest Naval Hero. Nelson's Column, Trafalgar Square: Trafalgar Square was established in central London thirty-five years after Nelson's victory at Trafalgar and remains a favorite tourist spot.
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Wikipedia Description: Mariners' Museum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Mariners' Museum is located in Newport News, Virginia. It is one of the largest maritime museums in the world as well as being the largest in North America.

History

The museum was founded in 1932 by Archer Milton Huntington, son of Collis P. Huntington, a railroad builder who brought the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway to Warwick County, Virginia, and who founded the City of Newport News, its coal export facilities, and Newport News Shipbuilding in the late 19th century.

Archer and his wife, the sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington, acquired 800 acres (3.2 km�) of land that would come to hold 61,000 square feet (5,700 m�) of exhibition galleries, a research library, a 167 acre (676,000 m�) lake, a five mile (8 km) shoreline trail with fourteen bridges, and over 35,000 maritime artifacts from around the globe. After acquisition took place, the first two years were devoted to creating and improving a natural park and constructing a dam to create Lake Maury, named after the nineteenth-century Virginia oceanographer Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury.

Artifacts, paintings, models

The museum’s collection totals approximately 32,000 artifacts equally divided between works of art and three-dimensional objects. The scope of the collection is international and includes miniature ship models, scrimshaw, maritime paintings, decorative arts, carved figureheads, working steam engines, and the world's only known existing Kratz-built steam calliope. The museum holds important collections of paintings and drawings by marine artists James Bard and Antonio Jacobsen. The museum offers educational programs for all ages, a large research library and archives, as well as publications and Internet resources for teachers.

USS Monitor Center

The Mariners' Museum is home to the USS Monitor Center. In 1973, the wreck of the ironclad USS Monitor, made famous in the Battle of Hampton Roads in 1862 during the American Civil War was located on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean about 16 miles southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The wreck site was designated as the United States' first national marine sanctuary. Monitor Sanctuary is the only one of the thirteen national marine sanctuaries created to protect a cultural resource, rather than a natural resource.

The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is now under the supervision of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Many artifacts from Monitor, including her innovative turret, propeller, anchor, engine and some personal effects of the crew, have been brought to the museum. For several years, they were conserved in special tanks to stabilize the metal. The new USS Monitor Center officially opened on March 9, 2007, and a full-scale replica of the Monitor, the original recovered turret, and many artifacts and related items are now on display. Current efforts are focused on restoring the engine.
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