BGuthrie Photos: TN -- Shiloh Natl Military Park

TN -- Shiloh Natl Military Park:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1]

") are described as follows:

SHILO1_130527_003.JPG: Johnston's Last Bivouac "I would fight them if they were a million." Battle of Shiloh After the February 1862 Union victories at Forts Henry and Donelson, Gen. Don Carlos Buell's army occupied Nashville while Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's army penetrated to Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. Buell and Grant planned to attack the rail center of Corinth, Mississippi, but on April 6, Confederate Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston struck first. The Battle of Shiloh was a near Confederate victory the first day, although Johnston was killed. On the second day, Grant's counterattack succeeded, and the Confederates retreated to Corinth. Shiloh was the war's bloodiest battle to date, with almost 24,000 killed, wounded, or missing. This is the site of Confederate Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston's last bivouac. By the afternoon of April 5, 1862, his army's muddy, rain-delayed march from Corinth to attack Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's army at Pittsburg Landing had taken far longer than anticipated. Some of Johnston's subordinates feared the element of surprise had been lost. Gathering near the intersection with the Bark Road, half a mile east of here, Gens. Leonidas Polk, Braxton Bragg, and John C. Breckinridge listened as Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard voiced concerns about proceeding with the attack. Johnston pondered their advice, then reaffirmed, "Gentlemen, we shall attack at daylight tomorrow." Moving away, he continued, "I would fight them if they were a million." Johnston then came here for the evening, and his subordinates joined him to discuss the impending attack. The council concluded about 10 p.m. with Johnston confident of victory. He spread his blankets under a large tree for some sleep. The rain had ended, and the night was clear and cold. Before dawn, Johnston roused his staff. Beauregard arrived, and the discussion of the previous night continued. Suddenly, they heard the sharp rattle of musketry. "The battle has opened, gentlemen," Johnston said, "It is too late to change our dispositions." Turning to mount, he proclaimed: "Tonight we will water our horses in the Tennessee River." Trailed by his staff, Johnston rode toward the breaking dawn and the sound of battle, with just hours to live.
SHILO1_130527_083.JPG: PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MILITARY PARKS. Act of Congress, March 3, 1897. Sec. 1. Every person who wilfully destroys, mutilates, defaces, injures, or removes any monument, statue, marker, guidepost, or other structure, or who wilfully destroys, cuts, breaks, injures, or removes any tree, shrub, or plant within the limits of any National Parks shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than one thousand dollars for each monument, statue, marker, guidepost, or other structure, tree, shrub, or plant destroyed, defaced, injured, cut, or removed, or by imprisonment for not less than fifteen days and not more than one year, or by both fine and imprisonment. Sec. 2. That every person who shall trespass upon any National Parks for the purpose of hunting and shooting, or who shall hunt any kind of game thereon with a gun or dog, or shall set trap or net or other device whatsoever thereon for the purpose of hunting or catching game of any kind, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars or by imprisonment for not less than five days or more than thirty days, or by both fine and imprisonment. Sec. 3. That the superintendent or any guardian of such park is authorized to arrest forthwith any person engaged or who may have been engaged in committing any misdemeanor named in this Act, and shall bring such person before any United States commissioner or judge of any district or circuit court of the United States within either of the districts with- in which the park is situated, and in the District within which the misdemeanor has been committed, for the purpose of holding him to answer for such misdemeanor, and then and there shall make complaint in due form.
SHILO1_130527_089.JPG: Explanatory: The tablet colors are... ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE (BLUE) ARMY OF THE MISSISSIPPI (RED) ARMY OF THE OHIO (YELLOW) The Large Square Tablets give historical information of strengths of armies, movement or corps and divisions. The Square Tablets ornamental corners mark positions where troops were engaged on the first day Sunday April 6, 1862. The Oval Tablets mark positions where troop were engaged on the second day Monday April 7, 1862. A person reading any of these positions tables is facing the same way as the troops mentioned on the tablets were facing when in battle. Camp Tablets mark the front center of the camps, the place where the colors were when the troops of that camp were on parade. A person reading the tablets faces the front of the camp.
SHILO1_130527_094.JPG: U.S. Army of the Ohio Major General Don Carlos Buell Second Division, Brig. Gen. Alex. McD. McCook Fourth Division, Brig. Gen. William Nelson Fifth Division, Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden Sixth Division, Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood The advance of the Army of the Ohio arrived at Savannah, Tenn. from Nashville April 5, 1862. Nelson's Division marched on Sunday, April 5, up the east side of the Tennessee River to a point opposite Pittsburg Landing. At 5 p.m. Ammen's Brigade was brought over the river and assisted in repelling the last attack made by the Confederates upon the Union lines. The remainder of General Nelson's Division and General Crittenden's Division arrived on the field during Sunday night. McCook's Division arrived early Monday morning. Wagner's Brigade of General Wood's Division arrived at 12 noon; Garfield's Brigade about 3 o'clock p.m., too late to take part in the battle. In the attack upon the Confederates on Monday the Army of the Ohio occupied the left of the Union line; McCook's Division on the Corinth Road, Nelson's Division on the left and Crittenden's Division in the center. When Wood's Division came upon the field it took position between McCook and Crittenden. The Confederates were driven back until about 4 p.m. when they retired from the field. The Army of the Ohio had engaged, including Wagner's Brigade, present for duty, officers and men, 17,918. Its casualties were, killed 241, wounded 1,807, missing 55, total 2,103.
SHILO1_130527_099.JPG: C.S. Army of the Mississippi General Albert Sidney Johnston (killed). General G.T. Beauregard. First Corps, Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk Second Corps, Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg. Third Corps, Maj. Gen. Wm. J. Hardee, (wounded). Reserve Corps, Brig. Gen. John C. Breckinridge. The Confederate army, known as the "Army of the Mississippi;" with a total of officers and men present for duty, 43, 968, marched from Corinth and deployed in line of battle Saturday, April 5, 1862. General Hardee's Corps formed the first line at right angles with the Corinth Road near Wood's Field. General Bragg's Corps formed the second line 800 yards in rear of the first. General Polk's Corps was in column of brigades in front of General Johnston's headquarters established at junction of Bark and Corinth Roads. General Breckinridge's Corps was in rear along the road towards Mickey's. The battle commenced at 4.55 a.m. Sunday, April 6, 1862, by an attack upon Hardee's picket post in front of his center. The Confederates advancing, drove the Union army slowly back all day, capturing four division camps, and at dark held a position extending from the Tennessee River south of Dill Branch to mouth of Tilghman Creek. General Johnston was mortally wounded at 2.30 p.m. and General Beauregard took command. The Union army was reenforced during the night. On Monday the Confederates were in turn driven back until at 4 p.m. April 7, 1862 they retired from the field. The casualties, in the Army of the Mississippi, during the battle were, killed 1728, wounded 8,012, missing 959: total 10,699.
SHILO1_130527_105.JPG: U.S. Army of the Tennessee Major General U.S. Grant First Division, Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand Second Division, Brig. Gen. W.H.L. Wallace, (mortally wd.) Col. James M. Tuttle, 2d Iowa Third Division, Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace Fourth Division, Brig. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut Fifth Division, Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman (wounded) Sixth Division, Brig. Gen. Benjamin M. Prentiss (Captured) The Army of the Tennessee, except the 3d Division, was encamped on this field April 6, 1862. Its outer line of camps, just beyond the Hamburg and Purdy Road, extended from Owl Creek on the right to Lick Creek on the left. The total strength of the five divisions on the field Sunday, April 6, 1862, was, present for duty, officers and men, 39,830. The Confederate army under General Albert Sidney Johnston, with an aggregate present for duty, officers and men, 43,968, attacked the Union army in front of its outer camps at 4.55 a.m. Sunday, April 6, 1862. The Union army was gradually driven back until at 6 p.m. it occupied a line from Pittsburg Landing to Snake Creek Bridge on Savannah Road. During the night the 3d Division arrived on the field from Crump's, and three divisions of the Army of the Ohio commanded by General Buell, arrived from Savannah. With these reenforcements General Grant attacked the Confederates Monday morning pressing them gradually back until 4 p.m. when they abandoned the field and retired toward Corinth. The casualties in the Army of the Tennessee, during the battle, were, killed 1,513, wounded 6,601, missing 2,830; total 10,944.
SHILO1_130527_270.JPG: Grant's Last Line The first day of fighting had been disastrous for General Grant's Union Army of the Tennessee. At daybreak the Confederates surprised many of the Federals in their tents. Hastily-formed lines of defense broke. Casualties multiplied. More than 2,000 men surrendered. Reinforcements arrived late. At day's end, Grant's army had fallen back to this high ground -- his last line. That evening Union reinforcements arrived, and on the second day fortunes reversed. Grant's desperate "last line" became a strong attack position. The bolstered Union forces pushed the Confederates back to the southwestern end of the battlefield near Shiloh Church.
SHILO1_130527_308.JPG: Bald eagle nest
SHILO1_130527_317.JPG: Bald eagle observers, looking away from the nest behind them (upper right tree) because they're waiting to see the feeding eagle return to the nest.
SHILO1_130527_345.JPG: Confederate Memorial Shiloh's Confederate Monument combines symbolism with beauty to commemorate the story of Southern "Lost Cause" in the fields and woods near Shiloh Church. Its prominent location marks a Confederate high water mark. Here, on April 6, 1862, Confederates encircled and captured over 2,200 Federal troops, including General Benjamin Prentiss, thus ending Union defense of the Hornets Nest. Over eighteen feet high, the monument's central figures depict "Defeated Victory." In front, the South surrenders the laurel wreath of victory to Death on her right, and Night on her left. Death took away the Confederate commander-in-chief; while Night, having brought re-enforcements for the Federals, stands waiting to complete the defeat. Below them, in low relief, appears the figure of General Albert Sidney Johnston, the southern commander, Johnston remains the highest ranking American officer ever to die in combat. The panel of heads to the right represents the spirit of the first day's battle. Exuberantly, hopefully, courageously, fearless, the young Confederates rush into battle. The eleven soldiers portrayed equal the number of Confederate states. The soldiers on the panel to the left, now fewer in number, represent the second day's battle. Driven back over ground they had gained the day before, Confederates are finally forced to retreat. The panel shows the sorrow of the men who fought so hard for victory so nearly won, and so unexpectedly lost. The symbolically depicted "wave upon wave of soldiery" is now past its crest. At the far right, the Infantryman has snatched up the Confederate flag in defiance of the U.S. Army. In support by his side, the Artilleryman calmly gazes through the smoke of battle. To the left, the Cavalryman spreads his hand in frustration. Although eager to assist, the cavalry could not penetrate Shiloh's thick undergrowth. The rear figure, head bowed in submission to the order to cease firing, represents the Confederate officer corps. At that point on the evening of the bottle's first day, Confederate victory had seemed imminent. On the monument's rear wall, three plaques provide additional information on design and construction. In 1905, the United Daughters of the Confederacy undertook a national project to place a monument on Shiloh Battlefield. In reaching their goal of $50,000, the UDC raised money "little by little," without help from other organizations or any state appropriation. The monument committee held a design competition in 1913. When none of the submitted models embodied the ideas of the committee, all six initial entries were rejected. The contest was reopened in 1914. A new competitor, Frederick C. Hibbard of Chicago, won the first prize: the contract for building the monument. Born on June 15, 1881, Missouri native Frederick Cleveland Hibbard studied abroad, in California, and in the Midwest. His work includes the Hannibal, Missouri statues of Mark Twain, and the author's characters Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn; and the equestrian statue of General Ulysses S. Grant at Vicksburg National Military Park in Mississippi. Excavation for the monument's concrete foundation began on June 21, 1916. Among the articles placed in the cornerstone on November 4, 1916, were silver coins from 1905 and 1916, a $20 Confederate bill, a state flag from every southern state, a replica of the Confederate Seal, a photograph of sculptor Hibbard, and a lock of General Johnston's hair.
SHILO1_130527_403.JPG: Erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy to honor the memory of the men who served the Confederate States of America.
SHILO1_130527_407.JPG: The States of the South sent to the Battle of Shiloh seventy nine organizations of infantry, ten organizations of cavalry, and twenty three batteries of artillery. How bravely and how well they fought Let the tablets of history on this field tell As a greeting to the living remnant of that host of gray and in honor of its dead whether sleeping in distant places or graveless here in traceless dust this monument has been lifted up by the hands of a loving and grateful people
SHILO1_130527_410.JPG: Let us covenant each with the other and each with those whose sacrifices hallow this field to stand for patriotism, principle, and conviction as did they even unto death.
SHILO1_130527_420.JPG: Okay... Back to the bald eagle. The feeding one apparently returned to the nest while I was looking at the Confederate memorial.
SHILO1_130527_542.JPG: The Hornets' Nest After being driven from their camps by attacking Confederates about 9:00 a.m., more than 4,000 Union soldiers retreated to the woods to your left, and took position along the "Sunken Road," the dirt wagon trace in front of you. Here, on high ground commanding Duncan Field and the adjoining woods, Federal infantry took cover behind oak trees, fence rails, and dense undergrowth. During the next eight hours, Confederate infantry charged the road and the wooded stronghold they called the "Hornets' Nest" eleven times. Repeatedly they were repulsed by swarms of minie balls. A 5-minute walk down the Sunken Road leads to an exhibit on the surrender of the Hornets' Nest. The ground you will be walking over is the scene of some of the most desperate and deadly fighting in the Civil War. "Then the supporting infantry, rising from their recumbent position, sent fort a sheet of leaden hail that elicited curses, shrieks, groans, and shouts, all blended into an appalling cry." -- Capt. Andrew Hickenlooper, 5th Ohio Independent Battery Col. Randall L. Gibson, a Yale graduate, led four charges against the nearly impregnable Hornets' Nest. Each time his men were overwhelmed by murderous storms of minie balls, shot, shell, and canister.
SHILO1_130527_578.JPG: Ruggles' Batteries After six hours of bloody fighting here, it became evident that Confederate infantry alone would not break the strong Union defenses along the Sunken Road and the thickets beyond. Toward late afternoon, Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles brought forward eleven batteries of artillery and placed them in a line that began here and extended to your right along the wooded edge of Duncan Field and beyond. According to Ruggles' official report, there were 62 cannon here - the greatest concentration of field guns seen on a North American battlefield up to that time. For more than an hour the Confederate artillery roared, unleashing a great storm of shot, shell, and canister that kept the Union soldiers in the "Hornets' Nest" pinned down. Confederate infantry then encircled the Hornets' Nest and forced its defenders to surrender. Ruggles' Batteries - April 6, 1862 - p.m. The cannon you see today mark the locations of Ruggles' batteries. Although not the same cannon used in the battle, they compose one of the best collections of Civil War field artillery in existence. Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, a West Point graduate, was convinced that Confederate infantry needed artillery support to conquer the Hornet's Nest.
SHILO2_130527_022.JPG: Illinois erects this monument to commemorate her sons who here gave their services to perpetuate the honor and glory of the United States.
SHILO2_130527_025.JPG: Bent or missing gun barrels and some missing swords indicate previous vandalism.
SHILO2_130527_076.JPG: Union Reconnaissance Patrol As dawn approached on Sunday, soldiers in the Union camps to the north and east began to stir. While some continued to sleep, others prepared breakfast. They didn't know that more than 40,000 Southerners with loaded rifle muskets and bayonets were marching on them from the southwest. Suspicious of Confederate activity nearby, Col. Everett Peabody, an alert Union brigade commander, sent out a reconnaissance patrol of about 200 men under Maj. James E. Powell. Following the road to your right [see Modern Photograph], Powell's patrol groped through the morning darkness past this point. When they entered Fraley Field a short distance to your left, they stumbled onto the pickets screening the Confederate army. Three shots broke the silence, and the Battle of Shiloh began. A 2-minute walk down the path to your left leads to Fraley Field and an exhibit describing the opening of the battle.
SHILO2_130527_081.JPG: Reconnoitering party under Major Powell advancing from this position 80 yds w attacked Hardcastle's pickets at 4:55am, April 6, 1862.
SHILO2_130527_084.JPG: Major Hardcastle's picket post in front of Hardee's line of battle was at corner of two fields 1/4 mile west, Sunday morning, April 6, 1862.
SHILO2_130527_086.JPG: Fraley Field
SHILO2_130527_090.JPG: The Battle Begins Here in Fraley Field, advance units of the opposing armies met for the first time just before dawn. Confederate pickets on the high ground ahead opened fire on a union reconnaissance patrol which entered the field just behind you. Here fell the first victims of Shiloh. In the following 34 hours 3,400 more men would die or be fatally wounded. The fighting in Fraley Field and the surrounding woods lasted about an hour. The Union Patrol was forced to retreat, as the first three waves of the Confederate assault swept forward. Though not decisive in itself, this initial engagement gave the Union camps to the northeast warning that a Confederate attack was on the way. The battle of Shiloh opened in Fraley field when Maj. James E. Powell's reconnaissance patrol encountered Maj. Aaron B. Hardcastle's pickets of the 3rd Mississippi Infantry Battalion. Maj. Gen. William J. Hardee, commander of the Third Army Corps directed the confederate attack which followed the skirmishing in Fraley Field.
SHILO2_130527_120.JPG: Union Line of Defense Finally aware that great numbers of Confederates were marching on their camps, the Union Sixth Division organized its first line of defense along the ridge in front of you. Henry M. Stanley, a Confederate infantryman, described what it was like here when his regiment tried to break through the Union line: Still advancing, firing as we moved, I, at last saw a row of little globes of pearly smoke streaked with crimson, breaking out with spurtive quickness from a long line of bluey figures in front; and, simultaneously, there broke upon our ears an appalling crash of sound, the series of fusillades following one another with startling suddenness, which suggested to my somewhat moidered sense a mountain upheaved, with huge rocks rumbling and thundering down a slope, and the echoes rumbling and receding through space. "Twenty thousand muskets were being fired at this stage, but though accuracy of aim was impossible, owing to our laboring hearts, and the jarring and excitement, many bullets found their destined billets on both sides." -- Henry M. Stanley, 6th Arkansas Infantry Henry M. Stanley, later a renowned journalist and explorer, served as a private with the "Dixie Grays" of the 6th Arkansas Infantry. Stanley was only 21 when he marched into his first great battle here. A fourth of his companions were under 20.
SHILO2_130527_127.JPG: Invasion of the Union Camps As the sun rose, Union soldiers camped here and at nearby sites looked forward to a peaceful and leisurely Sunday. A flood of Rebel infantry, however, was about to engulf them from the southwest. Whitelaw Reid, a Northern reporter, described the lack of preparation in the Union camps, "Some, particularly among our soldiers, were not yet out of bed. Others were dressing, others washing, others cooking, a few eating their breakfasts. Many guns were unloaded, accouterments lying pell-mell, ammunition was ill-supplied - in sort, the camps were virtually surprised...." By the end of the day, the Southerners had overrun most of the camps. Many Union soldiers spent the night without food, bedding, or other supplies left behind in haste. "Shells were hurtling through the tents while, before there was time for thought of preparation, there came rushing through the woods the lines of battle sweeping the whole fronts of the division-camps....". -- Whitelaw Reid, War Correspondent, Cincinnati Gazette Col. Everett Peabody already suffering from four wounds, was killed near his headquarters here when a minie ball struck him in the head. Peabody had wisely sent out a reconnaissance patrol that discovered the approach of the Confederates.
SHILO2_130527_192.JPG: Confederate burial trench

SHILO2_130527_228.JPG: Shiloh's casualties: Statistics alone do not reveal the magnitude of human suffering and loss at Shiloh. In the battle's aftermath, the piteous cries of the wounded and dying filled these woods. Everywhere the ground was strewn with bodies. The grotesque appearance of many of the corpses shocked eyewitnesses. Because of the warm weather, General Grant ordered the Federal troops to bury the dead immediately. Many were buried in large trenches, Union and Confederate separately. In the mass grave in front of you the bodies of more than 700 Confederate soldiers were stacked in layers seven deep. Casualties at Shiloh were heavy, the worst of the war up to that time.

UNION ARMY	Present for Duty Killed Wounded Missing Total Casualties	66,812 1,754 8,408 2,885 13,047
CONFEDERATE ARMY	Present for Duty Killed Wounded Missing Total Casualties	44,699 1,728 8,012 959 10,699
COMBINED TOTALS	Present for Duty Killed Wounded Missing Total Casualties	111,511 3,482 16,420 3,844 23,746

SHILO2_130527_237.JPG: Confederate trenches
SHILO2_130527_241.JPG: Confederate Retreat: On the second day of fighting, Confederate forces here under General P. G. T. Beauregard made their last attempt to check the surge of Union forces counterattacking from Pittsburg Landing. Confederate infantry sloshed through the shallow Water Oaks Pond in front of you and charged to your left across the field. They gained some ground, but were unable to stop the steady advance of Grant's Union army which had been heavily reinforced during the night. After 2:30 p.m., a Confederate staff officer asked Beauregard, "General, do you not think our troops are very much in the condition of a lump of sugar thoroughly soaked with water, but yet preserving its original shape, though ready to dissolve? Would it not be judicious to get away with what we have?" Moments later, General Beauregard gave the order for the Confederate army to retreat to Corinth. The Battle of Shiloh was over.
SHILO2_130527_257.JPG: The Tennesseans had more to fight for. The fight was for their homes and firesides. -- Brigadier General Patrick R. Cleburne, as recounted by a soldier in the 23rd Tennessee Infantry
SHILO2_130527_259.JPG: Friendly snake! He was looking for a frog that you'll see later
SHILO2_130527_273.JPG: Tennessee organizations engaged at the Battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1862
SHILO2_130527_316.JPG: I had no idea they could do this. Can you imagine the muscles!
SHILO2_130527_341.JPG: He came back toward me and ended up going through my legs. There was some worry that he would actually climb up my pant legs but he kept moving.
SHILO2_130527_370.JPG: Erected by the sovereign State of Tennessee, with assistance from the Tennessee United Daughters of the Confederacy, and Sons of Confederate Veterans, this monument is dedicated, with everlasting gratitude and respect, to the Tennesseans who fought here.
SHILO2_130527_373.JPG: Here's the frog the snake was after
SHILO2_130527_399.JPG: Wild turkeys
SHILO2_130527_446.JPG: The 77th Penn. arrived at Pittsburg Landing at 7 a.m., April 7, 1862. It was the only Pennsylvania regiment on the field. About 2 p.m. the regiment charged upon, and captured two guns of a Confederate battery. "Being now satisfied that the enemy had changed his point of attack from the right to my left, I ordered the 77th Penn. to take a position on my extreme left and repel the assault there being made. It immediately engaged the enemy. At this moment the contest along the whole line became terrible. This regiment partially isolated from the division, moved steadily over an open field under a heavy fire; while here the enemy's cavalry charged it twice, but were each time repulsed with heavy loss. Colonel Stumbaugh had the satisfaction of receiving the sword of Colonel Battle of the 20th Tenn. who surrendered as a prisoner." -- General McCook's report.
SHILO2_130527_477.JPG: Crescent Regiment Louisiana Infantry Col. Marshall J. Smith. Pond's Brigade, Ruggles' Division, Bragg's Corps. Army of the Mississippi. Pro Patria Mori 6 & 7 April 1862
SHILO2_130527_491.JPG: Texas remembers the valor and devotion of her sons who served at Shiloh April 6-7, 1862 Here the Rangers upheld the fame of the name they bore, the 2nd Texas fought with gallantry and the 9th Texas responded to any demand upon its courage and endurance. General Albert Sidney Johnston of Texas gave is life in this battle. Texas troops at Shiloh were: 9th Texas Infantry Colonel Wright A. Stanley (Brig. Gen. Patton Anderson's Brigade, Ruggles' Division, Bragg's Corps) 2nd Texas Infantry, Col. John C. Moore, Lieutenant Colonel William P. Rogers, Major Hal G. Runnels (Brig. Gen. John R. Jackson's Brigade, Withers' Division, Bragg's Corps) 6th Texas Cavalry (Rangers) Colonel John A. Wharton, (Unattached) A memorial to Texans who served the Confederacy erected by State of Texas 1964.
SHILO2_130527_504.JPG: Field Hospital After the Battle of Shiloh, Federal soldiers buried the dead, and medical officers faced the enormous task of caring for the 16,400 wounded. Many were crowded onto steamboats for transport to Northern cities, while others were taken to nearby homes. Some of the wounded received professional medical treatment here. On this high ground surrounding the farmhouse of Noah Cantrell, medical officers of the Union Army of the Ohio set up a large field hospital under canvas. Tents, bedding, and supplies were secured from the infantry camps to accommodate some 2,500 sick and wounded. Ordinarily, regiments took care of their own wounded. Here was the first consolidated tent hospital -- a forerunner of modern military field hospitals. Asst. Surgeon Bernard J.D. Lewin established and organized the hospital. Union and Confederate soldiers alike were given excellent treatment, considering the lack of supplies, the horrible nature of the wounds, and the great number of patients.
SHILO2_130527_551.JPG: Kentucky Regiments at Battle of Shiloh As a border slave state that remained in the Union, Kentucky was sharply divided in its loyalty during the Civil War. The state provided many troops to both sides at Shiloh; approximately 6,500 to the Federal forces; approximately 2,000 to the Confederate forces. Confederate Commanding General Albert Sidney Johnston, who was killed in action on April 6 at Shiloh, though a Texan by adoption, was a Kentuckian by birth, and he retained innumerable ties of blood and sentiment with his native state. Confederate Brigadier General John C. Breckenridge, who was a former Vice President of the United States, and who commanded the Confederate reserve corps at Shiloh, was from Kentucky. Two sons of a distinguished United States Senator from Kentucky, Senator John J. Crittenden, were in opposing armies at Shiloh: Brigadier General Thomas L. Crittenden for the Union; Brigadier General George B. Crittenden for the Confederacy. Kentucky's "Confederate Governor," George W. Johnson, fought and died in the Southern ranks at Shiloh. Five Kentucky infantry regiments, plus the Kentucky cavalry squadron of Colonel John Hunt Morgan, the Kentucky cavalry company of Captain Philip Thompson, and the Kentucky artillery battery of Captain Robert Cobb, were in the Confederate forces at Shiloh. The 7th Kentucky Infantry served in the 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Division of Major General Leonidas Polk's 1st Corps; it was deployed initially at about 8:30 A.M. of April 6 as a supporting unit on the Confederate right; by 10:00 A.M. it was engaged at the Hornet's Nest. The 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 9th Kentucky Infantry regiments and Cobb's artillery served in Colonel Robert P. Trabue's 1st Brigade of Breckenridge's reserve corps. Detached from its parent corps early in the morning of April 6, the 1st Brigade entered the battle at 9:30 A.M. at the Crescent Field. Here the 3rd Kentucky Regiment was separated from the brigade by General Beauregard and ordered to another part of the battlefield. No further record remains of its location or action the first day. During the course of fighting, the brigade was moved by stages across the front until late in the afternoon it rejoined Breckenridge's corps on the extreme Confederate right. At the close of the first day's combat the brigade was at the Indian mounds overlooking the Tennessee River. All of the Kentucky Confederate units experienced hard fighting and suffered heavy casualties during the day. Only two Kentucky regiments, the 17th and 25th Infantry regiments, were present with the Federal Army (Army of the Tennessee) during the first day of the battle. Attached to the 3rd Brigade of Brigadier General Stephen H. Hurlbut's 4th Division, they were encamped in the northeast edge of Cloud Field (near the present marker) when the battle opened. Shifted from one hotly contested position to another during the first day of fighting, they had their severest action early in the afternoon at the Peach Orchard. Late in the day they were placed near the Pittsburg Landing road as a part of General Grant's final defensive perimeter. The Army of the Ohio, which reinforced the Army of the Tennessee during the late afternoon and night of April 6 and the morning of April 7, contained ten regiments of Kentucky troops: the 5th Regiment of the 4th Brigade, 2nd Division; the 6th Regiment of the 19th Brigade, and the 1st, 2nd, and 20th Regiments of the 22nd Brigade, 4th Division; the 9th and 13th Regiments of the 11th Brigade, and the 11th and 26th Regiments of the 14th Brigade, 5th Division; and the 24th Regiment of the 21st Brigade, 6th Division. The initial unit of the Army of the Ohio to arrive at the scene of battle, the 4th Division, was commanded by Brigadier General William Nelson, a Kentuckian. The Kentucky troops in both armies shared fully in the bitter fighting of April 7 as the strengthened and reanimated Federals pressed forward as the outnumbered, exhausted, and demoralized Confederates gradually yielded the field. Morgan's Kentucky cavalry joined with Forrest's Tennessee cavalry and other detachments on April 8 to repel General Sherman's pursuit near Mickey's - the closing action of the battle of Shiloh. Casualties among Kentucky troops at Shiloh: Union 115 killed, 636 wounded, 29 missing; Confederate 137 killed, 627 wounded, 45 missing.
SHILO2_130527_579.JPG: U.S. U.S. Gunboat Tyler, Lieut. William Gwin, commanding U.S. Gunboat Lexington, Lieut. James W. Shirk, commanding On the 6th day of April, 1862 these gunboats were in position on the east side of the Tennessee River opposite the mouth of Dill Branch. They went into action at about 5 p.m. and were engaged in repelling the last attack made by the Confederates Sunday evening, and continued to throw shells, into the supposed camps of the enemy, every half hour during the night.
SHILO2_130527_590.JPG: On the Union Left: The Confederate advance on the Union left flank stalled late Sunday afternoon [April 6, 1862] on the opposite side of the Dill Branch ravine (to your right). Both sides were weary after a long day of fighting. Grant's desperate and depleted Union army seized this opportunity to regroup near Pittsburg Landing as steamboats unloaded reinforcements from the Army of the Ohio. From the river, a pair of Union gunboats unleashed their big guns on Confederate positions. because of the steep angle of the riverbank, most of the shells hurtled harmlessly over the Confederates' heads. The deafening thunder of the naval guns, however, continued through the night, generating fear and apprehension in the Confederate ranks.
SHILO2_130527_595.JPG: Pittsburg Landing Here was the key to Union strategy -- a good troop landing and staging area for an attack on the Southern army at Corinth, a strategic rail center. But the Confederates struck first, driving the surprised Federals from their camps back toward the landing. On Sunday afternoon thousands of Union stragglers congregated along the banks here and refused to fight, while reports of disaster filtered in from the battlefield. Late Sunday afternoon the tide began to turn. Cheers went up when the first Union reinforcements appeared on the opposite shore. Throughout the night, additional troops poured into the landing by steamboat and by road -- 24,000 in all. The next morning the revitalized Union forces won back all the ground they had lost, and sent the Confederates reeling back to Corinth.
SHILO2_130527_612.JPG: Civilian Conservation Corps Co. 2425 MP-3 CCC Company 2425, with Negro veterans of WW I as its members, was formed at Ft. Oglethorpe, Georgia, June 27, 1933. The Corpsman then moved to Shiloh National Military Park and lived in tents while building Camp Young, which was to be their Tennessee home for 8 years. The 2425th maintained the Park and the National Highway to Corinth, Miss. They improved roads, installed erosion dams, erected stone walls, planted thousands of trees, and gained honor by evacuating victims of the 1937 flood.
SHILOH_130302_050.JPG: Note the snow
SHILOH_130302_127.JPG: Shiloh Log Church Shiloh Church, biblically known as "place of peace," was built in 1851. Ironically this small log church gave name to the famous Battle of Shiloh and became the site of some of the fiercest fighting of the Civil War. On Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the quiet woods and fields around this small Methodist Church erupted into a horrific battle. Shortly after dawn, the Confederate Army under the command of General Albert S. Johnston attacked the Union Division of General W.T. Sherman camped at this location. The Union troops were determined to hold the high ground by this church and the Confederates were equally determined to drive the Federals into the Tennessee River. After several hours of intensive fighting, the entire Federal army under the command of Ulysses S. Grant slowly withdrew toward Pittsburg Landing, leaving this area with many dead and wounded from both sides. By early afternoon, General P.G.T. Beauregard assumed command of the Confederate Army after the death of General Johnston. Beauregard established his headquarters and directed the battle from this area near the church. By nightfall, Shiloh Church also served as shelter for the many wounded and dying men who had fallen during that day's fighting. The following day, April 7th, Shiloh Church once again served as a critical location when the Confederate Army started their slow retreat back to Corinth. General Beauregard and his staff directed the retreat from this area. Although the original log church at Shiloh was destroyed during the battle, the log church before you is a near exact replica of that original church. Much detail went into building this church, using hand-hewn logs approximately 150 years old that came from this area. This log church replica was started in 1999 under the direction of the Shiloh Sons of Confederate Veteran Camp #1454 and Shiloh Methodist Church. With the support and donations from the sons and daughters of both the Union and Confederate Veterans, Shiloh Methodist Church, Shiloh National Park and numerous other friends, this monumental task became a reality and was completed in 2001. Shiloh Log Church again stands proudly on the Battlefield of Shiloh.
SHILOH_130302_150.JPG: Shiloh School 1928 - 1954 Shiloh School was located just beyond the Illinois Monument. In 1928, a ten room building with auditorium was erected at cost of $18,000 with a gym added later. Much of the equipment was built and bought by teachers and patrons of the school. The first teachers were John Hinkle, Lillie Farris, Ivy Wood Milligan and Mancil Milligan. Students from Pickwick, Counce, Wayne, Childers Hill, New Hope, West Shiloh and Shiloh attended the school. The School grew and became a four year accredited high school with the first graduating class in 1931. Shiloh High School was known to have outstanding students scholastically and winning basketball teams as well. Students of the Shiloh School are located throughout the United States in very successful occupations and professions. The school was closed in 1954 with students attending Southside School.
SHILOH_130302_163.JPG: UDC Shiloh #371 1900-1917 1992-2005 Stanley A Confederate American By The Grace Of God
SHILOH_130302_167.JPG: Howard G. Johnson June 3, 1923 July 12, 2003 True to his Southern heritage
SHILOH_130302_185.JPG: Shiloh Church The Battle of Shiloh takes its name from a Methodist log church that stood here during the battle. On the morning of Sunday, April 6, 1862, the church and cemetery grounds became the scene of fierce fighting as Confederates attacked Union forces camped nearby. The original log meeting house was erected in 1853. The building survived the battle to serve as a hospital, but collapsed several weeks later. A new frame church replaced the original in 1875. The present masonry church was dedicated in 1959.
SHILOH_130302_207.JPG: Shiloh United Methodist Church In 1851 John J. Ellis donated 4 acres to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, for a house of worship. The original house was constructed of rough hewn logs and was about 25 by 30 feet in dimensions. The name Shiloh, from which the Civil War battle received its name, means "House of Peace. " During April 6-7, 1862, the church was the scene of heavy fighting between Union and Confederate forces. The church was destroyed soon after the battle. After the war, worship was resumed in a brush arbor. About 1875 a wood frame structure was erected on the original site. The present structure was begun with native stone in 1929. Construction was discontinued due to lack of funds. It was completed and dedicated in 1952.
SHILOH_130302_445.JPG: Death of General Johnston On the afternoon of the first day of fighting, Confederate forces under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston sought to envelop Grant's left wing and seize Pittsburg Landing. While leading his men against Union forces barring his way, Gen. Johnson was fatally wounded here. Johnston, who had been slightly wounded earlier, was struck just below the right knee by a stray minie ball. The bullet tore open an artery, causing severe bleeding. Tennessee Governor Isham G. Harris, a volunteer aide, discovered Johnston reeling in his saddle near this point, and led him down to the protected ravine on your right. The general died a few minutes later. The tree trunk to your left stands at the site of the oak tree under which Gen. Johnston was found mortally wounded.
SHILOH_130302_451.JPG: C. S. General Albert Sidney Johnston Commanding the Confederate Army Died Here at 2:30 P.M. April 6, 1862 Senator Isham G. Harris, who was Governor of Tennessee in 1862 and was serving as volunteer aid on the staff of Gen. Johnston at Shiloh, visited this field in 1896 for the express purpose of fixing the place where General Johnston fell. After careful examination of the ground, over which the Confederate advance was made, he came to the place now marked by the monument and said: "General Johnston was following the advance of Bowen's Brigade; he had sent the members of his staff to other parts of the field with orders; I was the last to leave him, with an order to put Statham's Brigade in motion across the Peach orchard. When I returned General Johnston was alone, sitting on his horse near a large oak tree. I saw him reel in the saddle and rode to his side and asked: ‘General are you hurt?' He replied: ‘Yes, I fear seriously.' I supported him in the saddle and guided the two horses to the ravine in rear; lifted him from the horse and placed him on the ground. He was unconscious and died in a few minutes, at 2:30 P.M." Senator Harris fixed the place where the monument stands as the one where General Johnston was wounded, and the spot where this tablet stands as the place where Gen. Johnston died.
SHILOH_130302_479.JPG: Bloody Pond The Battle of Shiloh was, at its time, the bloodiest conflict this nation had seen. The beautiful spring woods, fields, and orchards were transformed over two days into scenes of death and destruction which eyewitnesses described as horrible, desolate, and heart-rendering. This shallow pond attracted the weary and wounded soldiers of both armies who were engaged in heavy fighting nearby. Some crawled here for their last drink. Observers after the battle reported that the pond was littered with dead soldiers and horses. Blood had turned the water a murky red. The Debris of Battle: American short-story writer Ambrose Bierce was only 20 when he fought here with the Union Army of the Ohio. Bierce recorded his impressions of the aftermath: Knapsacks, canteens, haversacks distended with soaken and swollen biscuits, gaping to disgorge, blankets beaten into the soil by the rain, rifles with bent barrels or splintered stocks, waist-belts, hats and the omnipresent sardine-box -- all the wretched debris of the battle still littered the spongy earth as far as one could see, in every direction. Dead horses were every-where; a few disabled caissons, or limbers, reclining on one elbow, as it were; ammunition wagons standing disconsolate behind four or six sprawling mules. Men? There were men enough; all dead.
SHILOH_130302_493.JPG: The Peach Orchard This was the scene of intense fighting on Sunday afternoon as Federal troops stubbornly resisted Confederate charges through the peach trees. Peach blossoms ripped off by minie balls fell like snow. A Union soldier who faced the Confederate onslaught described the heavy artillery fire: "Everywhere around us the storm began to rage: shot, shell... canister came howling and whistling through our lines. The very trees seemed to protest against it. Missiles flew everywhere." Successive Confederate infantry charges finally broke the blue line, and Federals retreated in disorder back toward Pittsburg Landing. The next day, however, a reinforced Union army won this ground back. Manse George Cabin: At the time of the battle, this land was owned and farmed by the W. Manse George family. When the fighting started, the family fled. Later they returned to find their home burned and possessions destroyed. After the battle, a cabin from another part of the battlefield was moved here to replace the one swept away by war. The short path to your right leads to this historic building.
SHILOH_130302_595.JPG: Surrender of the Hornets' Nest In the woods to the right and behind you lay the heart of the Hornets' Nest, where Union infantry and artillery held out eight hours against the Confederate tide. The Federals repulsed a series of assaults across Duncan Field (ahead) and through the adjoining woods. Late in the day, 62 cannon commanded by Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles began pounding the Hornets' Nest from across the field, while Confederate infantry pressed in on the flanks. Many Federals escaped the closing trap, but more than 2,000 men under Brig. Gen. Benjamin M. Prentiss held their ground. Isolated and outnumbered, the Union defenders surrendered. The Confederates crushed the Hornets' Nest, but the effort cost them many lives, and allowed General Grant time to consolidate his forces for a successful counterattack the next day.
SHILOH_130302_618.JPG: First Minnesota Battery Light Artillery. Capt. Emil Munch, Brig. Gen. B.M. Prentiss' Division. Army of the Tennessee. Engaged from early in the morning, when Capt. Munch was wounded and disabled, in the first day's battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. The right and left sections under command of 1st Lieut. William Pfaender participated in the struggle of the "Hornet's Nest" where this monument stands. The two guns of the center section were disabled early in the day, but one of them took part in the evening in repelling the last charge of the Confederates. Capt. E. Munch and 1st Lieut. F.E. Peebles wounded; three men killed and six men wounded.
SHILOH_130302_639.JPG: Bald eagle nest

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Wikipedia Description: Battle of Shiloh
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Battle of Shiloh, also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing, was a major battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought on April 6 and April 7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. Confederate forces under Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise attack against the Union Army of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and came very close to defeating his army.

On the first day of battle, the Confederates struck with the intention of driving the Union defenders away from the Tennessee River and into the swamps of Owl Creek to the west, hoping to defeat Grant's Army of the Tennessee before it could link up with Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio. The Confederate battle lines became confused during the fierce fighting, and Grant's men instead fell back in the direction of Pittsburg Landing to the northeast. A position on a slightly sunken road, nicknamed the "Hornet's Nest", defended by the men of Brig. Gens. Benjamin M. Prentiss's and W.H.L. Wallace's divisions, provided critical time for the rest of the Union line to stabilize under the protection of numerous artillery batteries. Gen. Johnston was killed during the first day's fighting, and Beauregard, his second in command, decided against assaulting the final Union position that night.

Reinforcements from Gen. Buell arrived in the evening and turned the tide the next morning, when he and Grant launched a counterattack along the entire line. The Confederates were forced to retreat from the bloodiest battle in United States history up to that time, ending their hopes that they could block the Union invasion of northern Mississippi.
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