BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Natl Air and Space Museum -- Gallery 114: (a) Space Race

DC -- Natl Air and Space Museum -- Gallery 114: (a) Space Race:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. GAL114_150824_027.JPG: V-2: This V-2 missile was reconstructed by the US Air Force using components from several missiles and was exhibited at the Air Force Technical Museum in Park Ridge, Illinois. The Smithsonian took title in 1949. In the mid-1970s, technicians spent more than 2,000 hours restoring this V-2 to its present appearance, which is patterned after the first successful test rocket fired from Peenemunde in October 1942. These markings made the missile easily visible for accurate assessment of its flight performance. The irregular surface of the missile reflects the poor condition of the original skin.
2. GAL114_150824_029.JPG: The Anatomy of a V-2
3. GAL114_150824_032.JPG: V-2: World's First Ballistic Missile: V-2, or Vengeance Weapon 2 (Vergeltungswaffe zwei), was the name Nazi propagandists gave to the first ballistic missile ever developed to strike distant targets. German Army Ordnance had been developing liquid-propellant rockets since 1932, aiming to create a long-range surprise weapon. On October 3, 1942, the V-2 was first launched successfully from Peenemunde, Germany, on the Baltic Sea. Late in World War II, Germany launched almost 3,000 V-2s against England, France, and Belgium. After the war, the United States and the Soviet Union used captured V-2s as a basis for developing their own large rockets.
4. GAL114_150824_040.JPG: V-2 Production
5. GAL114_150824_054.JPG: Building V-2s in quantity became a vast enterprise in 1944. Near the war's end, the Mittelwerk produced almost 700 V-2s monthly in its tunnels near Nordhausen.
6. GAL114_150824_064.JPG: WAC Corporal
7. GAL114_150824_066.JPG: Trying to Catch Up with the V-2
8. GAL114_150824_069.JPG: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory
9. GAL114_150824_080.JPG: The V-2 in the United States
10. GAL114_150824_097.JPG: Like the United States, the Soviet Union also relied on a group of German rocket engineers and scientists. Here are some of the leading figures at the first Soviet V-2 launch in the USSR in October 1947. From left to right: Karl Stahl, Johannes Hoch, Helmut Grottrup, Fritz Viebach, and Hans Vitter.
11. GAL114_150824_098.JPG: The rocket engineer Sergei Pavlovich Korolev in Germany, 1945. He went on to become the Chief Designer of the Soviet space program in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
12. GAL114_150824_105.JPG: The V-2 in the Soviet Union
13. GAL114_150824_109.JPG: V2 attacks on England
14. GAL114_150824_112.JPG: The V-2 in Action
15. GAL114_150824_114.JPG: Antwerp, Belgium, just after a V-2 strike. The V-2 demonstrated a new ability in warfare to send bombs quickly to a target. Traveling more than four times faster than sound after engine shut-down, the missiles struck without warning. The sound of the rock rushing through the air came after the explosion.
16. GAL114_150824_118.JPG: The V-2: From Deployment to Capture
17. GAL114_150824_125.JPG: The Allies asked surviving concentration camp workers to help inventory parts for V-2 missiles at the Nordhausen facility. One of the entrances to the underground factory is visible in the background.
18. GAL114_150824_128.JPG: U.S. Army Ordnance units, looking for useful V-2 components to ship to America, inspected bombed-out German supply trains.
19. GAL114_150824_131.JPG: This V-2 was displayed at the war's end in Washington, DC, near 12th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW. It symbolized not only the end of the war, but also the new shape of possible conflicts to come.
20. GAL114_150824_137.JPG: The Rush for the Spoils
21. GAL114_150824_143.JPG: The Museum's V-2 missile, when originally displayed at Park Ridge, Illinois, around 1500, bore a German operational camouflage paint scheme.
22. GAL114_150824_170.JPG: V-1: The German V-1, introduced in combat in June 1944, was the world's first operational cruise missile. Thousands of pulse-jet powered V-1s, also known as "buzz bombs," were launched against cities in Europe. V-1s were slow and inaccurate; they could be intercepted and shot down.
23. GAL114_150824_173.JPG: Tomahawk
24. GAL114_150824_184.JPG: Cruise Missiles: Flying Bombs
25. GAL114_150824_189.JPG: The "Ultimate Weapons"
26. GAL114_150824_194.JPG: Refining the Ultimate Weapon The ICBM Decision
27. GAL114_150824_198.JPG: SCOUT: NASA's Workhorse
28. GAL114_150824_201.JPG: Scout-D
29. GAL114_150824_217.JPG: To The Moon
30. GAL114_150824_223.JPG: "Fill 'Er Up -- I'm in a Race" by Herblock
31. GAL114_150824_225.JPG: "Who'll be there first?"
32. GAL114_150824_227.JPG: I'm also reading the Declaration of Independence -- Just in case by Lou Grant
33. GAL114_150824_237.JPG: Sputnik Key
34. GAL114_150824_243.JPG: Inspecting TV-3, March 16, 2008
35. GAL114_150824_247.JPG: Payload, Vanguard Test Vehicle "TV-3"
36. GAL114_150824_249.JPG: Pressure on America
37. GAL114_150824_257.JPG: As Explorer Joins Sputnik "Let me show you, Dud, how things are done." "I feel better already."
38. GAL114_150824_258.JPG: America's First Success
39. GAL114_150824_264.JPG: Vying for the Lead
40. GAL114_150824_273.JPG: The Race Begins
41. GAL114_150824_279.JPG: Sputnik 2 More Sputnik Successes
42. GAL114_150824_281.JPG: Instructions for Sputnik Recovery
43. GAL114_150824_288.JPG: Ivan Ivanovich: Test Flight Mannequin
44. GAL114_150824_293.JPG: Sputnik! First Satellite
45. GAL114_150824_297.JPG: The Soviet Union stunned the world with the launch of Sputnik ("satellite") on October 4, 1057. A shiny basketball-size sphere containing radio transmitters, Sputnik announced the beginning of the Space Age. Coming just weeks after the Soviets' successful test launch of the first intercontinental ballistic missile, Sputnik signaled the USSR's cabability in rocketry and their potential to dominate space.
46. GAL114_150824_299.JPG: Awake at Last!
47. GAL114_150824_305.JPG: Space Shuttle Spacesuit Replica
48. GAL114_150824_309.JPG: Competitors in the Space Race
49. GAL114_150824_311.JPG: Von Braun
50. GAL114_150824_319.JPG: An Engineer's Tool While a manager and public figure, Wernher von Braun stayed close to the work for engineering and design, using this slide rule for calculations.
51. GAL114_150824_322.JPG: First Astronauts
52. GAL114_150824_328.JPG: First Cosmonauts
53. GAL114_150824_331.JPG: The "Magician's Wand" Sergei Korolev used this German-made slide rule to make quick calculations. To his colleagues, Korolev's slide rule was a "magician's wand." TOday's engineers and scientists uses pocket calculators and computers for this purpose.
54. GAL114_150824_333.JPG: Korolev
55. GAL114_150824_335.JPG: Vostok and Voskhod
56. GAL114_150824_346.JPG: A Cosmonaut's Identification: Gagarin used these two ID cards. One identifies him as a cosmonaut in training (top) and the other as a member of the Communist party. He kept the cosmonaut card in his pocket during his historic flight.
57. GAL114_150824_352.JPG: Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space
58. GAL114_150824_361.JPG: Glenn's Space Suit
59. GAL114_150824_369.JPG: An Engineer-Cosmonaut
60. GAL114_150824_373.JPG: Gagarin's Space Suit
61. GAL114_150824_383.JPG: Survival Gear
62. GAL114_150824_387.JPG: Feotistov's Flight Suit
63. GAL114_150824_398.JPG: Exit to Space
64. GAL114_150824_407.JPG: Soviet Moon Suit
65. GAL114_150824_420.JPG: The Moon Race Ends
66. GAL114_150824_422.JPG: Almost There
67. GAL114_150824_425.JPG: A Final Soviet Gambit: When it became evident after the second N-1 rocket launch failure that the USSR could not send a man to the Moon ahead of the Americans, the Soviets attempted to obtain the first lunar rock and soil samples, sending a robot instead of a cosmonaut. Luna 15, an automated sample return craft, was launched to the Moon two days before Apollo 11. It crashed-landed there shortly after US astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin first stepped onto the Moon. If the Luna 15 lander had not crashed, it would have returned to Earth with lunar soil just hours ahead of the Apollo 11 crew.
68. GAL114_150824_431.JPG: Apollo Lunar Suit
69. GAL114_150824_441.JPG: A Soviet Moonshot?
70. GAL114_150824_445.JPG: The Mishin Diaries
71. GAL114_150824_448.JPG: Zond: Trial Runs to the Moon
72. GAL114_150824_450.JPG: Lunokhod: Robotic Explorers on the Moon
73. GAL114_150824_455.JPG: To Land a Cosmonaut on the Moon
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Description of Subject Matter: Space Race
May 16, 1997 – March 27, 2022
This major exhibition traces the competition in space between the U.S. and the former Soviet Union from its origins in the 1950s to the recent international cooperation. Objects include a Soyuz TM-10 spacecraft, a Kosmos 1443 "Merkur" spacecraft, and a space suit made for the never-accomplished mission to land a Russian on the Moon. The exhibition is divided into the following sections:
* Military Origins of the Space Race examines the rivalry to develop rockets powerful enough to send thermo-nuclear warheads across the globe.
* Secret Eyes in Space reveals long-secret reconnaissance projects and includes the recently declassified "Corona" spy satellite camera.
* Racing to the Moon looks at the public accomplishments of both countries and includes the Soviet "Krechet" lunar space suit and the Apollo space suit.
* Exploring the Moon looks at the equipment developed to transmit pictures of the lunar surface to Earth, to perform chemical analyses of the soil, and to do other scientific experiments and includes an Apollo Lunar Landing Module.
* A Permanent Presence in Space looks at the efforts of both countries to establish permanent space stations for continued scientific discovery and the beginning of an era of cooperation in space.
* Fifty Years of Human Spaceflight examines how the Soviet Union and the United States raced to launch the first humans into space in 1961, during the Cold War.
* Repairing the Hubble Space Telescope features the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) and the Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR), which corrected the optics of the telescope in 1993.
Objects include:
* Skylab Orbital Workshop
* German V-1 "buzz bomb" and V 2 missile
* Soviet and U.S. spacecraft and space suits
* Full-size test version of the Hubble Space Telescope
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