BGuthrie Photos: IN -- Indiana Dunes Natl Lakeshore -- Bailly-Chellberg

IN -- Indiana Dunes Natl Lakeshore -- Bailly-Chellberg:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. DUNEBC_170805_039.JPG: Chellberg Farm and the Swedish Community
2. DUNEBC_170805_085.JPG: Joseph Bailly Homestead
3. DUNEBC_170805_091.JPG: The Calumet Region, 1822-1835 Joseph Bailly, one of the first settlers in northwest Indiana, arrived here with his family in 1822. He chose this site to establish his trading post because it was on the Little Calumet River. It was also near two major Indian trails, the Lake Shore Trail, which later became the Fort Dearborn (Chicago) to Detroit Road, and the Sauk Trail, which extended from New England southwestward to the Missouri River where it split to form what were later called the Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail. When the Baillys arrived in the Calumet Region, Potawatomi Indians were the dominant tribe in northwestern Indiana. Hunting, trapping, gathering and some farming filled their days. During the summer, they located their villages near waterways and built their dome-shaped wigwams using tree saplings and cattail mats. Potawatomi women planted and harvested maize and gathered fruits such as plums, blackberries and cranberries. They supplemented their diet with wild rice, roots and a variety of nuts, such as hazel, hickory and walnut. Men fished rivers and lakes, and trapped beaver and muskrat. They also hunted rabbit, deer and elk. As fall approached, the Potawatomi separated into family groups and departed for their winter hunting grounds near the Kankakee Marsh to establish a new camp until the following spring.
4. DUNEBC_170805_105.JPG: Joseph Bailly, Fur Trader Beaver felt hats, the fashion style in Europe and the eastern United States, created a demand for beaver pelts. This demand, and the Potawatomi Indians' desire for trade items such as blankets, knives, metal hatchets, fabric and clothing, enabled Joseph Bailly to operate a modest fur trading business in the 1820's. Potawatomis brought the beaver pelts to Bailly in the spring of the year; he shipped them to Mackinac. From there they traveled to Montreal and eventually to Europe. By 1830 Bailly's fur trading business had nearly ended. Overtrapping had nearly depleted the beaver population in the area and the beaver felt hat had gone out of style. In the early 1830's Joseph Bailly opened a tavern northwest of the homestead on the Fort Dearborn to Detroit Road (present day U.S. Hwy. 12) to supplement his income. The fur trading era in northwestern Indiana had come to an end.
5. DUNEBC_170805_120.JPG: The Bailly Homestead Although Indiana became a state in 1816, northwestern Indiana was essentially a wilderness when Joseph Bailly arrived in 1822 from Michigan with his wife Marie and their children to build their homestead. The 500,000 acre Kankakee Marsh, located to the southeast of here, was a major impediment to travel and discouraged settlement of the Calumet Region. The Baillys were among the first settlers to the area. During the fur trading years, the homestead consisted of six log structures which served as living quarters, kitchen, storehouse and warehouses for the trade goods. Material from the original buildings is being preserved in the log structures you see today. In 1833 Joseph Bailly and his family received $6,000 for his services in counseling the Potawatomi Indians in an agreement called the Chicago Treaty, which placed the land in northwestern Indiana in public domain. With this money he repaired various buildings around the homestead and began construction of the main house. Before Bailly could move into his new house he fell ill and died in 1835.
6. DUNEBC_170805_131.JPG: Highways of the Past Change is the best word to describe the Bailly Homestead since 1822. In the 1820's when the Potawatomi Indians brought their beaver pelts by canoe to trade with Joseph Bailly, the main house was yet to be built. Made of white oak logs with weatherboard siding, it was under construction in 1835 when Joseph Bailly died. The structure was completed after his death and has been altered on a number of occasions by the Bailly heirs. The exterior of the house has been restored to look as it did in 1917, the earliest year for which an accurate appearance could be documented. The brick house, built for Bailly's granddaughter, Rose Howe, was constructed in the late 1870's. As you walk these grounds, imagine the scenes, the people and changes that have occurred here. Picture Joseph Bailly greeting the Indians as they delivered their beaver pelts to trade. Hear the sound of the Indian and Bailly children playing while their parents bartered for trade goods. These people and the lives they led played a significant role in the history and development of the Calumet Region.
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Wikipedia Description: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore is a U.S. national lakeshore located in northwest Indiana that was authorized by Congress in 1966. The national lakeshore runs for nearly 25 miles (40 km) along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, from Gary, Indiana on the west to Michigan City, Indiana on the east. The park contains approximately 15,000 acres (61 km�). The National Lakeshore has development rights over the area within its boundaries, but has not purchased the full extent of the property. Its holdings are non-contiguous and do not include the Indiana Dunes State Park (1916), a separate, 2,182 acre (9 km�) parcel of protected Dunes land on the lakefront near Chesterton, Indiana.

Lakeshore activities:

The park contains 15 miles (24 km) of beaches, as well as sand dunes, bogs, marshes, swamps, fens, prairies, rivers, oak savannas, and woodland forests. The park is also noted for its singing sands. More than 350 species of birds have been observed in the park. It has one of the most diverse plant communities of any unit in the U.S. National Park System with 1418 vascular plant species including 90 threatened or endangered ones. The Indiana Dunes area is unique in that it contains both Arctic and boreal plants (such as the bearberry) alongside desert plants (such as the prickly pear cactus).

First-time visitors to the Lakeshore often go to the Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center at U.S. Highway 20 and Indiana Route 49, near Porter, Indiana. This brand-new center (2007) offers standard visitor-center amenities, including a video, brochures, hands-on exhibits, and a gift shop. It is free to the general public.

Camping is available at the Dunewood Campground on U.S. Highway 12 and Broadway, in Beverly Shores, Indiana. The campground includes an RV dump station and two loops of trailer accessible sites (some with pull-through drives). All sites have grills, a picnic table, and access to restrooms with running water and showers. There are a limited number of walk-in sites in the Douglas Loop.

The park provides opportunities for bird watching, camping, 45 miles (72 km) of hiking, fishing, swimming, horseback riding, and cross-country skiing. Cycling is available on the Calumet Trail, a crushed limestone multiuse trail which runs through the eastern section of the park, providing access to the Indiana Dunes State Park, as well as to the communities of Beverly Shores, Indiana; the Town of Pines, Indiana; and Mount Baldy (Sand Dune) on the edge of Michigan City, Indiana. The park had more than 2 million visits in 2005.

Rules state not to feed any of the wildlife, including seagulls, deer, or raccoons.

Wildlife:

Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore is full of wildlife, including whitetail deer, red fox, raccoons, oppossums, cottontail rabbits, Canada geese, seagulls, squirrels, hawks, turkey vultures, mallards, great blue herons, garter snakes, songbirds, and rodents.

Lakeshore history:

Early 1900's:

The Indiana Dunes area first came to prominence in 1899 when Henry Cowles did some of the pioneering work in American plant ecology there. Despite attempts to protect the area from threats such as the nearby Gary steel mills led by groups such as the Prairie Club of Chicago, the area continued to be exploited. The tallest dune in Indiana, the 200 foot (60 m) high Hoosier Slide, was hauled away and turned into glass by Pittsburgh Plate Glass and canning jars by Ball Brothers.

Founding of State Park:

In 1916 there was talk of making the site the "Sand Dunes National Park". Indiana State Park's founder Richard Lieber toured the site with then NPS Director Stephen Mather on October 31, 1916 to gauge its worthiness. In 1926, part of the area became the Indiana Dunes State Park. A few years after, the Indiana Dunes Bathhouse and Pavilion was erected just north of the park entrance. The bathhouse continues to be widely used today and remains in its original form.

Conflict with Industry:

Significant political controversy arose in the 1950's and 1960's due to conflicts between industrial expansion and recreational use of the lakefront, and is noted in the administrative history of the National Lakeshore. One event heavily protested was the removal of a sand dune to provide landfill for the expansion of Northwestern University's Evanston, IL campus, . Bethlehem Steel was additionally granted permits to build a plant at Burns Harbor, IN, displacing dunes and wildlife. A harbor, Burns Harbor, was also proposed for the area.

Citizens united to form the Save the Dunes Council and gained political support to protect the remaining lakeshore. In 1963, the Kennedy Compromise linked the construction of the Port of Indiana to the development of a National Lakeshore. The Lakeshore was created in 1966 and expanded in 1976, 1980, 1986 and 1992.

Lakeshore landmarks:

Bailly-Chellberg Farm:

The Bailly-Chellberg farmstead is located close to the geographic center of the National Lakeshore, at U.S. Highway 20 and Mineral Springs Road. This is the location of the pioneer trading post established in 1822 by fur trader Joseph Bailly. Bailly setled here and his 1830s retirement house survives. The real estate became the home of the Chellberg family, who built a farm on its sandy soil. As of 2008, the Lakeshore maintains a heritage farm on the Chellberg land.

Cowles Bog:

Cowles Bog, a National Natural Landmark, is a fen wetland named in honor of biologist and ecologist Henry Cowles. Located south and west of Dune Acres, Indiana, Cowles Bog is the sole remaining remnant of the Central Dunes where Cowles performed his pioneering field studies of plant succession and species diversity. A National Lakeshore trail runs from Mineral Springs Road into Cowles Bog.

Hoosier Prairie:

Hoosier Prairie, a National Natural Landmark, is a 430-acre (1.7 km�) tallgrass prairie adjacent to Griffith, Indiana. It is a geographically isolated unit of the Lakeshore, owned and maintained by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources as a state nature preserve. 574 separate species of plants have been observed growing in this patch of prairie, or more than 1 species per acre.

Mount Baldy:

Mount Baldy is a sand dune located west of Michigan City, Indiana. At 123 feet tall, it is one of the tallest sand dunes on the southern shore of Lake Michigan. It is a wandering dune that moves an average of 4 feet every year, and so is called a "living dune." Mount Baldy is accessible from U.S. Route 12 (also known as Dunes Highway) between the town of Pines and the western border of Michigan City. Visitors can hike 0.7 miles up the dune and from the top, on a clear day, can view Chicago's skyline and the south shore. North of Mount Baldy is a swimming beach.

Pinhook Bog:

Pinhook Bog, a National Natural Landmark, is a geographically isolated unit of the National Lakeshore. The quaking peat bog is located near U.S. Highway 421 approximately 9 miles (14 km) south of Michigan City. The bog formed from a postglacial kettle moraine left behind about 14,000 years before the present by the melting of the ice sheet during the end of the Wisconsin glaciation. The acidic bog is noted for pitcher plants and other wetland species. Access to the bog is restricted to ranger-led guided tours.

West Beach:

West Beach, located adjacent to U.S. Highway 12 near the village of Ogden Dunes, Indiana, is a geographically separated section of the Lakeshore that is preserved as a piece of public beach access and an example of the same theme of plant succession as is found in Cowles Bog. This section of the Lakeshore displays most of the successive stages of Indiana Dunes biotic progression, from open beach sands to mature black oak forest. A new (2007) West Beach Succession Trail (0.7 miles (1.1 km) in length) features different stages of plant succession in the beach and inland dunes.
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