BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Natl Air and Space Museum -- Temporary Exhibit: Leonardo da Vinci's Codex on the Flight of Birds

DC -- Natl Air and Space Museum -- Temporary Exhibit: Leonardo da Vinci's Codex on the Flight of Birds:

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Description of Pictures: Leonardo da Vinci's Codex on the Flight of Birds
September 13, 2013 – October 22, 2013
Leonardo da Vinci was fascinated with flight and made observations of birds to try to discover how humans could fly. His Codex on the Flight of Birds contains 18 pen and brown-ink folios that offer insight into the mind of the creative genius. The Codex was created ca. 1505-1506 and explores bird flight and behavior, followed by sketches and descriptions of mechanical devices and principles of physics not discovered until centuries later. One of the most amazing drawings in the document is a flying machine similar to a modern-day helicopter. The Codex is on view open to a single folio; 4 interactive computer stations nearby offer a view of each page with side-by-side English translation.
On loan from the Biblioteca Reale, Turin, Italy
No photography permitted

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[1] SIAILE_130913_01.JPG	[2] SIAILE_130913_05.JPG	[3] SIAILE_130913_10.JPG
[4] SIAILE_130913_14.JPG	[5] SIAILE_130913_17.JPG	[6] SIAILE_130913_37.JPG
[7] SIAILE_130913_48.JPG	[8] SIAILE_130913_51.JPG	[9] SIAILE_130913_64.JPG
[10] SIAILE_130913_65.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. SIAILE_130913_01.JPG: Leonard Da Vinci's Codex on the Flight of Birds -- you weren't allowed to photograph the actual book
2. SIAILE_130913_10.JPG: What Did the Wrights Actually Do? The Wright brothers' inventive work resulted in three major accomplishments: (1) They designed, built, and flew a series of successful aircraft. (2) They pioneered the modern practice of aeronautical engineering. (3) They developed the tool of flight testing and data feedback into the design of an aircraft. The Aircraft: The aircraft the Wright brothers designed and built between 1900 and 1905 were truly revolutionary. They embodied solutions to all the many technical problems that had to be overcome to achieve mechanical flight. Aeronautical Engineering: Equally important, the Wright brothers developed the essential principles of modern aeronautical engineering. Particularly with their pioneering use of the wind tunnel as a primary design tool, they established the basic approach and techniques still used by all aeronautical engineers. Flight Testing: The Wright brothers' systematic flight-testing program was critical to their success. Their method of evaluating data gathered by testing an aircraft in flight, then refining the design based on these results, remains an essential tool in acceptance research and development.
3. SIAILE_130913_14.JPG: Visions of a Flying Machine: Between 1899 and 1905, the Wright brothers conducted a program of aeronautical research and experimentation that led to the first successful powered airplane in 1903 and a refined practical flying machine two years later. All successful airplanes since then have incorporated the basic design elements of the 1903 Wright Flyer. The brothers' success was rooted in their inventive method. Their specific research techniques, innate skills, and personality traits came together in a unique way and largely explain why these two people invented the airplane. The genius of Wilbur and Orville lay not only in the singular act if getting a flying machine into the air, but also in the approach they evolved and employed to create the technology of flight.
4. SIAILE_130913_17.JPG: Taking Up the Challenge: By the mid-1890s, the Wrights' bicycle business was well-established and furnished them with a respectable and enjoyable living. But it did not provide the mental rigor they craved. Both a little restless, they began to contemplate a new outlet for their inquisitiveness. They chose the airplane. In the 1890s, aviation was a new, wide-open field of study that provided rich possibilities for investigation. In the beginning, Wilbur and Orville did not set out to invent the airplane. They only hoped to challenge their creative talents and perhaps make a modest contribution to the eventual achievement of human flight. "I am an enthusiast, but not a crank in the sense that I have some pet theories as to the proper construction of a flying machine. I wish to avail myself of all that is already known and then if possible add my mite to help on the future worker who will attain final success." -- Wilbur Wright, May 30, 1899 Penaud Helicopter: The brothers' first experience with flight occurred in 1878, when their father gave them a small rubber band-powered toy helicopter designed by French aviation pioneer Alphonse Penaud. Intrigued by the little flying machine, they made several copies of it of varying sizes. After playing and experimenting with them, the brothers behaved like most young boys: they moved on to other diversions. Orville made this sketch of the toy in 1929. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington: Dear Sirs; The Wrights formally expressed their desire to join the aeronautical community in this letter Wilbur wrote to the Smithsonian Institution on May 30, 1899. After affirming his belief that human flight was possible, he declared his intent to pursue research in the field. Toward that end, he requested whatever publications on the subject the Smithsonian could provide.
5. SIAILE_130913_51.JPG: These rope lines were set up for the anticipated crowds for the Leonardo Codex.
6. SIAILE_130913_65.JPG: Leonardo Da Vince: Ornithopter Model: This full-size model of one of Leonardo's ornithopter flying machine designs is based on a drawing in da Vinci Manuscript B, folio 74, Institut de France, Paris. Leonardo likely never actually constructed any of his flying machine designs.
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