MD -- Annapolis -- State Capitol -- Interior Images:
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SCAMDI_110130_057.JPG: The John Shaw Flag:
The John Shaw Flag is a re-creation of the flag that was made in 1783 to fly over the State House while Congress met in the Old Senate Chamber. The Shaw flag was flying when George Washington came before Congress to resign his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and when Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris, officially ending the American Revolution. As America's first peacetime capital, the State House holds a special place in our nation's history, and the Shaw flag is an important symbol of that time.
The original flag was commissioned by Annapolis cabinetmaker, John Shaw, in preparation for Congress' meeting in Annapolis, and the Maryland State Archives has Shaw's receipts for the order. From these records, a design was created for the flag, and replicas were first made in 1983 to commemorate the bicentennial of the Congress' meeting in Annapolis.
Shortly after the celebrations were concluded, a new image of Annapolis in 1794 was discovered at the Hammond Harwood House. The watercolor, by Charles Cotton Milbourne, showed St. Anne's Church and the Maryland Inn with the State House in the background. Clearly visible on the flagpole of the State House was the John Shaw flag, with a different configuration with the one that had been designed and made in 1983.
A new historically accurate Shaw flag was unveiled in the Rotunda of the State House on June 14, 2009. Annapolis Reverent Richardson Libby researched and consulted with the Archives on this project. Generous donations were received from CRW Flags and the Maryland State Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.
SCAMDI_110130_061.JPG: Matthew Alexander Henson
Co-discoverer of the North Pole
with
Admiral Robert Edwin Peary
April 6, 1909
Born: August 8, 1866 -- Died: March 9, 1955
Son of Maryland
Exemplification of courage, fortitude and patriotism, whose valiant deeds of noble devotion under the command of Admiral Robert Edwin Peary, in pioneer Arctic exploration and discovery, established everlasting prestige and glory for his state and country
SCAMDI_110130_065.JPG: Note the image of the flag at the bottom of the plaque. That's what they thought the John Shaw Flag looked like in 1983 vs the one that's hanging today. The orientation is totally different.
SCAMDI_110130_070.JPG: Standing on this spot
General Washington
resigned his commission
as commander-in-chief
of the Continental Army
on December 23rd, 1783
Presented by the
Peggy Stewart Tea Party Chapter
D.A.R.
December 23rd, 1915
SCAMDI_110130_080.JPG: The Old Senate Chamber.
When the Continental Congress (Confederation Congress) convened in Annapolis from November 26, 1783 to August 13, 1784, it met here in this room which served as the home of the Maryland Senate room from 1779 until the building of the new legislative chambers in 1905. It was here that General George Washington, on December 23, 1783, came before Congress to resign his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in an emotional ceremony.
What's Going On Here Now?
The Old Senate Chamber is undergoing extensive historical investigations that began in 2007. As part of this work, all of the plaster, which dates to the 1906 restoration of the room, has been removed and the original 18th century brick and mortar are exposed. The furnishings and portraits, including "Washington, Lafayette, and Tilghman at Yorktown" have been placed in storage for safe keeping while the investigations continue. Detailed information about the "above ground archeology" and the architectural evidence that has been uncovered is presented throughout the room. This evidence, along with archival documentation, will be used to determine the most accurate design for restoring the Old Senate Chamber to its appearance during the lifetime of George Washington.
The Old Senate Chamber: Late 19th Century:
The 1876-1877 renovations removed nearly all of the eighteenth century elements from the Senate Chamber. The visitor's gallery, president's dais, and virtually all paint, plaster, and decorative cornices were removed from the walls and replaced with new paint and textiles. Only the niche behind the president's dais remained, and a plaster wall blocked it from view.
Public outcry over the appearance of the room began almost as soon as the work finished. Local newspapers commented on the "desecration" of a hallowed space that had been graced by George Washington and Congress. By 1894, committees had formed to investigate the feasibility of returning the room to its original eighteenth-century appearance.
The Old Senate Chamber: Early 20th Century:
After completing the construction of the 1902-1905 annex, Baltimore architects Francis Baldwin and Joseph Pennington oversaw renovations in the Old Senate Chamber to return the room to a colonial appearance. This work was completed in 1906 and included the installation of a new visitor's gallery, fireplace, dais and flooring, a recreated false door, and ornamental plasterwork. In an effort to memorialize George Washington's resignation in this space, the portrait of Washington, Lafayette and Tilghman and framed transcriptions of speeches given by Washington and Thomas Mifflin were on display, and the room was furnished with an electric array of furnishings and relics associated, often mistakenly, with the first president
SCAMDI_110130_133.JPG: Commemorative of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence
A memorial to those patriots:
William Paca
Thomas Stone
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton
Samuel Chase
who as representatives of the colony of Maryland subscribed to that document which became the cornerstone in the building of a free and independent states.
Erected by the Citizens of Annapolis
July 4, 1926
SCAMDI_110130_152.JPG: Maryland Remembers:
By the dedication of this plaque; she leaves for posterity evidence of her remembrance of her nearly 63,000 native sons who served in the Union forces and the more than 22,000 in those of the Confederacy in the war between the states.
In commemorating the centennial of that great struggle between the citizens of the temporarily divided nation in the 1860's, the Maryland Civil War Centennial Commission did not attempt to decide who was right and who was wrong, or to make decisions on other controversial issues.
On the contrary, its objective was solely to commemorate important events of the war within the state and to collect and preserve documents and information associated with her involvement.
By so doing, it seeks to pay tribute to those who fought and died, as well as to the citizens who, during the Civil War, tried to do their duty as they saw it.
Erected and dedicated October 5, 1964
SCAMDI_110130_158.JPG: In honor of
Maryland's first eight hundred
volunteers
for service in the Navy
of the United States of America in 1917
...
... The right is more precious than peace
and we shall fight for the things which
we have always carried nearest our hearts
-- to such a task we can dedicate
our lives and our fortunes.
Erected by their
fellow citizens
SCAMDI_110130_163.JPG: The State House
Building Commission
annex commenced 1902
John Walther Smith, governor
...
Completed, 1905
Edwin Warfield, governor
...
SCAMDI_110130_167.JPG: The American's Creed
[by William Tyler Page]
I believe in the United States of America as a government of the people, by the people, for the people; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed, a democracy in a republic, a sovereign Nation of many sovereign States; a perfect union, one and inseparable; established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice, and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes.
I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it, to support its Constitution, to obey its laws, to respect its flag, and to defend it against all enemies.
Erected Dec 23, 1919 136th anniversary of Washington's Resignation as Commander-in-Chief -- Emerson C. Harrington, Gov.
SCAMDI_110130_226.JPG: Winfield Scott Schley
Port Hudson 1863
Chincha Island 1865
Korea 1871
Greeley Relief Expe. 1884
Valparaiso 1891
Santiago 1898
Erected by the State of Maryland
--
Winfield Scott Schley
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Winfield Scott Schley (9 October 1839 - 2 October 1911) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy and the hero of the Battle of Santiago Bay during the Spanish-American War.
Civil War:
Born at "Richfields" (his father's farm), near Frederick, Maryland, Schley graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1860, and went as midshipman on board the frigate Niagara to China and Japan. On his return in 1861, the American Civil War was in progress. He was made master, and was assigned to the Potomac of the Western Gulf Squadron until 1862. He then served on the sidewheel gunboat Winona of that Squadron, and later on the sloops Monongahela and Richmond, and participated in all the engagements that led to the capture of Port Hudson, Louisiana, in 1863, having been promoted to lieutenant on 16 July 1862.
Chincha Island War and San Salvador Revolution
He was ordered from the waters of the South in 1864 to the Pacific Squadron, where he served on the Wateree as executive officer until 1866. He suppressed an insurrection of Chinese workers on the Chincha Islands in 1865, and later in the same year landed at La Union, San Salvador, to protect American interests during a revolution. He was promoted lieutenant-commander in 1866.
Korean Expedition:
From 1866 to 1869, he was an instructor in the United States Naval Academy. He was then assigned to the Asiatic Station, and served there on the screw sloop Benicia until 1872 and was adjutant of the land forces during the attack by Rear Admiral John Rodgers's expedition on the Korean forts on Ganghwa Island on 10 June and 11 June 1871. He then participated in the following Battle of Gangwha which caused the destruction of the Korean fortifications.
Between conflicts, 1870s-1890s
From 1872 to 1875, he was head of the department of modern languages in the Naval Academy. He was promoted commander in June 1874.
After serving in Europe and on the west coast of Africa, he commanded Essex from 1876 to 1879, most of the time in the South Atlantic on the Brazil Station. During the cruise he sailed Essex to the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands in search of a missing sealer, and rescued a shipwrecked crew on the islands of Tristan da Cunha.
From 1879 until October 1883, he was inspector of the Second Lighthouse District.
After re-supply and relief missions repeatedly failed to reach Lieutenant Adolphus Greely's Lady Franklin Bay Expedition in the Arctic, Schley was appointed in February 1884 to command the next relief expedition. On 22 June, near Cape Sabine in Grinnell Land, Schley rescued Greely and six (of his twenty-four) companions, after passing through 1400 miles of ice during the voyage.
Schley was commissioned chief of the bureau of equipment and recruiting at the United States Department of the Navy in 1885, and promoted captain in March 1888.
He commanded Baltimore (C-3) in Rear Admiral George Brown's squadron off the coast of Chile in 1891. Going to the port of Valparaiso, Chile, when a number of American sailors there were stoned by a mob. In August 1891, the Baltimore, still under his command was detailed to convey the remains of John Ericsson to Sweden.
Early in 1892 he was again transferred to the Lighthouse Bureau, and until February 1895 was inspector of the Third Lighthouse District. In 1895, he was placed in command of the New York. From 1897 to 1898, he was a member (and chairman) of the Lighthouse Board.
Spanish War:
Schley was commissioned commodore on 6 February 1898, and on 24 March, although lowest on the list of commodores, he was put in command of the Flying Squadron, with Brooklyn (CA-3) as his flagship, for service in the Spanish-American War.
On 18 May 1898, Schley's Flying Squadron was sent by Acting Rear Admiral William T. Sampson to Cienfuegos to pursue the Spanish Squadron under the command of Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete. When Sampson received news that Cervera was in Santiago de Cuba, not Cienfuegos, he initially vacillated, at first informing Schley of the rumor, yet requesting him to stay at Cienfuegos, then later changing his orders to have Schley investigate the situation at Santiago.
Although Schley was subordinate to Sampson, he was accustomed to exercising independent command of his ship. Schley decided to stay at Cienfuegos, feeling that all signs indicated that Cervera was there in the harbor. After hearing from Cuban insurgents that Cervera was definitely not at Cienfuegos, Schley decided to obey Sampson's orders three days after receiving them and go to Santiago. When the crew of three American cruisers he encountered denied knowledge of Cervera's whereabouts, Schley decided to return to Key West, Florida, to get coal for his ship. The Navy Department sent a despatch to Schley asking him to stay at Santiago, but he replied that he was unable to obey these orders. Inexplicably, Schley decided mid-voyage to return to Santiago on 28 May, where the following day it was confirmed that the Spanish Squadron was there. Sampson arrived on 1 June and assumed command. The American ships formed a blockade across the harbor to trap the Spanish ships.
On 3 July, while Sampson was en route to meet General Shafter onshore, Cervera attempted to squeeze his squadron through the blockade. Schley had assumed control in Sampson's absence. When Maria Teresa of the Spanish Squadron tried to ram Brooklyn, Schley's flagship, he ordered the ship to steer away from Maria Teresa, causing a near collision with Texas. This gave the Spanish ships added time to escape, but the American fleet, including Brooklyn, pursued the Spanish Squadron and succeeded in destroying it completely.
When the victory message from Sampson was reported, it contained no reference to any officer other than himself, even though he was not involved in the actual fighting. Sampson was loath to praise Schley's role in the fighting, a fact which derived from professional jealousy, as was evidenced later by Sampson's own conduct at the subsequent court of inquiry. Sampson was of the opinion that had it not for the Battle of Santiago de Cuba, Schley would have been court-martialed. The public, however, regarded Schley as the hero not only of the battle, but also of the war, while Sampson was seen (accurately) as indecorous for not acknowledging Schley's role. In August 1898, Schley was raised to the rank of rear admiral.
After Cuba:
On 14 April 1899, Schley was commissioned rear admiral, ranking as major general. In November 1899, he was put in command of the South Atlantic Squadron, and, on 9 October 1901, he retired from active service upon reaching the age limit.
Controversy:
A controversy arose between partisans of Schley and those of Sampson over their respective claims to the credit of the victory over Cervera's fleet during the recent war. Of that discussion neither officer personally took public notice until after the appearance of a work by Edgar Stanton Maclay entitled History of the United States Navy. In that book, the author referred to Commodore Schley as a "caitiff, poltroon and coward." The proofs of the book had been read and approved by various naval officers, among them Rear Admiral Sampson.
At Schley's request, because of the charges made against him in the book, a court of inquiry was opened on September 12, 1901, composed of Admiral George Dewey, Rear Admiral Andrew E. K. Benham and Rear Admiral Francis Munroe Ramsay, which investigated Schley's conduct before and during the Battle of Santiago. On 13 December 1901, the court reported its proceedings and the testimony taken, with a full and detailed statement of all the pertinent facts which it deemed to be established, together with its opinion and recommendations. Various officers gave conflicting testimony as to Schley's conduct, with one, Captain Templin Potts, directly accusing Schley of cowardice.
The majority report of the court found that Commodore Schley failed to proceed to Santiago with due despatch, that the squadron should not have been delayed by the Eagle, that he should not have turned westward, that he should have obeyed the Navy Department's order of May 25, 1898, that he did not do his utmost to capture the Colon, that the turn of the Brooklyn caused the Texas to stop, for carelessness in endangering Texas, for blanketing the fire of other American vessels, that he did injustice to lieutenant-commander Hodgson (Navigation officer of the Brooklyn at the time of the incident), that his conduct in the Santiago campaign was characterized by vacillation, dilatoriness, and "lack of enterprise," and that his coal reports were inaccurate and misleading. Admiral Dewey, however, presented a minority report, in which he praised Schley for promptness and efficient service, and gave him the credit for the destruction of Cervera's fleet.
The court recommended that no action be taken in view of the length of time which had elapsed. Rear Admiral Schley filed a protest against the court's findings, which, however, were approved by the Secretary of the Navy Long, who (expectedly) supported Sampson on grounds of rank and seniority. Nonetheless, the public press, and particularly the Hearst newspapers, saw the outcome as vindicating Schley, whose status as a war hero was enhanced by the exposure. In January 1902, Rear Admiral Schley appealed from the verdict to President Theodore Roosevelt, who, however, confirmed Secretary Long's approval.
Schley wrote, with James Russell Soley, The Rescue of Greely (New York, 1885). He also wrote and published his autobiography, Forty-five Years under the Flag (New York, 1904). For the fullest treatment of the battle of Santiago, see George Edward Graham's Schley and Santiago: an Historical Account of the Blockade and Final Destruction of the Spanish Fleet Under Command of Admiral Pasquale Cervera, July 3, 1898 (W. B. Conkey, 1902).
Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley died on October 2, 1911, nine years after Rear Admiral Sampson, who barely survived his retirement in 1902. Rear Admiral Schley was buried with all military honors at Arlington National Cemetery, where he also has a street named for him.
There is a memorial to Schley in the lobby of the Maryland state house, and a bust of him by Ernest Keyser in Annapolis.
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[Capitols]
2011 photos: Equipment this year: I mostly used the Fuji S100fs camera as well as two Nikon models -- the D90 and the new D7000. Mostly a toy, I also purchased a Fuji Real 3-D W3 camera, to try out 3-D photographs. I found it interesting although I don't see any real use for 3-D stills now. Given that many of the photos from the 1860s were in 3-D (including some of the more famous Civil War shots), it's odd to see it coming back.
Trips this year:
Civil War Trust conferences (Savannah, GA, Chattanooga, TN),
New Jersey over Memorial Day for my birthday (people never seem to visit New Jersey -- it's always just a pit stop on the way to New York. I thought I might as well spend a few days there. Despite some nice places, it still ended up a pit stop for me -- New York City was infinitely more interesting),
my 6th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and San Francisco).
Ego strokes: Author photos that I took were used on two book jackets this year: Jason Emerson's book "The Dark Days of Abraham Lincoln's Widow As Revealed by Her Own Letters" and Dennis L. Noble's "The U.S. Coast Guard's War on Human Smuggling." I also had a photo of Jason Stelter published in the Washington Examiner and a picture of Miss DC, Ashley Boalch, published in the Washington Post.
Number of photos taken this year: just over 390,000.
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