BGuthrie Photos: MS -- Jackson -- Old Capitol Museum

MS -- Jackson -- Old Capitol Museum:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. OCAP1_130528_033.JPG: Old Capitol Museum The Capitol Green: The open area around the Old Capitol is called the Capitol Green. The Green has been used for many things -- from military camp grounds during the Civil War to state fairs, political gatherings, and other celebrations. The Old Capitol originally had an iron fence in front with wooden fences on the side. Only the iron fence has been rebuilt. Brick or No Brick? Originally, the brick front and sides of the building were covered in stucco scored to look like stone. The rear of the building faced a swamp and was not considered important, so the bricks on the back were left bare. When the brick walls were repaired during the 1959 restoration, the stucco was not reapplied. The 2009 restoration replaced the stucco exterior. Greek Revival Architecture: The Old Capitol was completed in 1839. It was built in the Greek Revival style of architecture. As you walk around the outside of the building, you will notice some of the features that identify it as Greek Revival architecture: * the symmetrical plan, with two wings around the center section. * a portico, which is an entrance porch with a roof supported by columns on at least one side. * a pediment, which is the triangular gable over the portico Compare the openings on the ground level of the portico (entrance porch) in this illustration with the portico today. The rectangular openings were changed to round arched during the 1870 renovation.
2. OCAP1_130528_039.JPG: Mississippi's Old Capitol As the state capitol (1839-1903), this building was the site of the 1861 Secession Convention and 1868 and 1890 Constitutional Conventions. Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and Jefferson Davis spoke here. After housing state offices 1917-1959, the Old Capitol was restored and opened in 1961 as the state historical museum. Damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, it was restored again and reopened in 2009.
3. OCAP1_130528_044.JPG: This table placed here December 10, 1917, to commemorate Mississippi's 100th anniversary. A.L. 5917 G.F. Cullens G.M.
4. OCAP1_130528_054.JPG: 2009 Old Capitol Restoration This restoration was paid for by the taxpayers of the state of Mississippi. Old Capitol Restorations: Constructed in 1839, the old capitol is the oldest building in downtown Jackson. It was designed by the noted architect William Nichols to serve as Mississippi's first permanent statehouse. The building underwent its first renovation in 1870, overseen by architect Joseph Willis. In 1903, the new capitol was built, and the old capitol was abandoned until 1916, when it was converted to an office building by Theodore Link, architect of the new capitol. In 1959, the building was partially restored by architect N.W. Overstreet for use as the State History Museum. In 2005, the old capitol was badly damaged by hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The building then underwent its most complete and accurate restoration, overseen by Robert Parker Adams, architect. The old capitol reopened to the public in January 2009.
5. OCAP1_130528_058.JPG: Welcome The Mississippi Department of Archives and History welcomes you to the Old Capitol Museum. The Old Capitol was designed by architect William Nichols to house Mississippi's state government. The building opened in 1839, and for over 60 years legislators, state Supreme Court justices, and governors met here and helped shape history. We invite you inside to listen to the voices of the past as you explore historic settings and exhibit galleries. Discover how the building has changed, and how its story continues today.
6. OCAP1_130528_064.JPG: Greek Revival Style: "How strange it is that in all the inventions of modern times, architecture alone seems to admit of no improvement -- every departure from the classical models of antiquity in this science is a departure from grace and beauty." -- Philip Hone, prominent New York merchant, 1838 Did you know? The Rotunda is 94 feet from the floor to the top of the dome. The word "rotunda" is Latin for round or circular. This Rotunda is 40 feet in diameter. Corinthian Capital: The Corinthian capitals on the pilasters around the Rotunda have an arrangement of stylized acanthus leaves, rosettes, spirals, and a stylized honeysuckle or anthemion. Bull's Eye: In this photo, you can see the glass panes in the circular openings known as bull's eye windows. The bull's eye windows let light from the Rotunda into the attic of the building. Rosette: The rosettes are based on the acanthus plant, with stylized acanthus leaves around a center flower. (1) We do not know what stood in the niches originally. The light fixtures are based on photographs from 1915. There is some evidence that in the late 1880s the niches held classical statues. The first state history museum kept vases of magnolias, the state flower, in them. (2) How did they do it? The dome was constructed with wooden ribs, which were covered by sheets of metal. The metal sheets overlapped to keep moisture out. (3) The cupola on the top of the dome is sometimes called a lantern because it lets sunlight into the center of the building. (4) Each of the sunken panels (coffers) in the dome has a rosette in it. How many rosettes are there?
7. OCAP1_130528_076.JPG: Keeper of the Capitol: In 1841, the legislature passed a bill creating the office of the Keeper of the Capitol. The Keeper was in charge of the keys to the building, the condition of the building, and all state government property inside -- from furniture to stationery. The Keeper also had to open the building in the morning and lock it at night. At a time when there were few hotels or lodging houses in Jackson, the Keeper was granted a special privilege: he was allowed to live in his office. In 1844, in order to save money, the legislature combined the job of state librarian with the Keeper of the Capitol. Now the Keeper had to maintain the library as well as the Capitol building. Despite the many responsibilities the Keeper had, he was not highly paid. The governor earned a salary of $3,000 in 1849, the keeper earned $500. Beginning in 1872, the elected Keeper appointed a woman to do the job for him. Women acted as both librarian and Keeper until 1890 when the role of Keeper and librarian were separated. The Constitution of 1890 declared that the state librarian would be a woman and the secretary of state would be the Keeper of the Capitol. "It shall be the duty of the Keeper of the Capitol to cause to be removed from the Capitol grounds ... all rubbish or nuisances of any kind... and that he shall cause the gates of the enclosure to be kept shut, and all cattle or other stock excluded." -- Resolution by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, 1859
8. OCAP1_130528_245.JPG: The Van Dorn Map of Jackson: After the Federal government acquired land from the Choctaws in October 1820, the 1821 state legislature selected a commission to find a site "within twenty miles of the true centre of the state" where a new capital could be built. The commissioners chose the area known as La Fleur's Bluff, located on a site above the Pearl River. Commissioner Peter Van Dorn drew up a town plan laid out in a grid system that left alternate blocks undeveloped. The plan, commonly known as the Van Dorn map, was accepted by the legislature in 1822, and the new capital was named Jackson in honor of Major General Andrew Jackson.
9. OCAP1_130528_340.JPG: Old Capitol Begun in 1833. Here Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and Jefferson Davis spoke. Was scene of 1861 Secession Convention. Black and Tan Convention of 1868 & 1890 Constitutional Convention.
10. OCAP1_130528_406.JPG: Portrait of Andrew Jackson Jean Baptiste Adolph LaFosse LaFosse painted this portrait of the former president in 1840 when Jackson visited New Orleans on the 25th anniversary of his victory over the British during the War of 1812. During that same trip, Jackson visited his namesake city in Mississippi and toured the recently built statehouse.
11. OCAP1_130528_450.JPG: Jackson was occupied and burned three times during the war, although the longest occupation lasted only six days. The city was severely damaged but not destroyed.
12. OCAP1_130528_460.JPG: These items were all spoils of war. Pieces of curtains were taken from the Old Capitol by Union soldiers as souvenirs; some were even turned into articles of clothing. They were returned to the state many years later. The historic fabric was used as a model for the reproduction fabrics now in the building.
13. OCAP1_130528_493.JPG: This statue of Jefferson Davis was created for the Confederate Monument in 1891. In 1922, the legislature appropriated money to repair the statue's right hand, which had been damaged by vandals. The statue was then placed in the Rotunda of the Old Capitol. The statue was moved to the Chancery Court area in 1961 and removed from the building during the 2009 restoration.
14. OCAP1_130528_612.JPG: John Roy Lynch 1847-1939 John Roy Lynch was elected a state representative in 1869 and became Speaker of the House in 1872. He was Mississippi's first black Speaker of the House, and later was Mississippi's first place representative to the US Congress. Lunch also served in the army and retired with the rank of major.
15. OCAP1_130528_622.JPG: Nellie Nugent Somerville 1863-1952 Nellie Somerville was the first woman to serve in the Mississippi House of Representatives. She was a leader in the women's suffrage movement.
16. OCAP1_130528_646.JPG: Winfield Scott Featherston 1820-1891 Winfield Featherston was a brigadier general in the Confederate Army and took part in several Civil War battles, including those of the Vicksburg Campaign. After the war, he served as a state representative, a circuit judge, and a delegate to the 1890 Constitutional Convention.
17. OCAP2_130528_008.JPG: The Senate Chamber: The Senate and the House of Representatives make up the legislative branch of the government. The Senate Chamber is a richly decorated and dramatic space. It was the fitting backdrop to stirring debates and was built to amplify sound so that everyone in the room could hear the speeches being made.
18. OCAP2_130528_034.JPG: Stephen Dill Lee 1833-1908 Stephen D. Lee was elected a state senator in 1878. During the Civil War, he began the youngest lieutenant general in the Confederate Army. He was the first president of Mississippi Agricultural & Mechanical College (now Mississippi State University) and of the board of trustees of the Department of Archives and History.
19. OCAP2_130528_100.JPG: Apprentice Papers: Black children could be apprenticed to work for their former maters without their consent.
20. OCAP2_130528_108.JPG: Vagrancy Laws: Unemployed blacks could be arrested as vagrants and forced to work for whites.
21. OCAP2_130528_114.JPG: Property Ownership: Blacks could rent land, but only in towns or cities. It was almost impossible for blacks to get land to farm for themselves.
22. OCAP2_130528_167.JPG: When the Civil War ended, Mississippi started the long process of rebuilding. Tens of thousands of men from Mississippi died in the war, and many of those who returned were injured or sick. The year after the war, Mississippi spent a fifth of its state budget to provide prosthetics for soldiers who had lost limbs.
23. OCAP2_130528_171.JPG: The war had devastated crops, industries, and railroad lines in addition to many public buildings, stores, and homes. Yet reviving the economy would take more than just rebuilding the physical structures. Former slave owners had lost not only a workforce, but also the fortune invested in acquiring enslaved people. White southerners were struggling to rebuild a state and a society.
24. OCAP2_130528_237.JPG: The House Gallery: The galleries in the House and Senate chambers played an important role. They provided a place for the public to come and listen to speeches. When you look over the railing in the gallery, you have a good view of the House Chamber below you. The exhibits in this room will give you a sense of what the chamber was like when it was in session.
25. OCAP2_130528_260.JPG: Jacob Hunter Sharp 1833-1907 Jacob Sharp was a Confederate brigadier general. He fought in the Battle of Chickamauga and in the Atlanta Campaign. He was the editor of the Columbus Independent and president of the Mississippi Press Association in 1879. He served many years in the state legislature and was Speaker of the House from 1886 to 1888.
26. OCAP2_130528_296.JPG: During the 1850s, relation between the North and South grew increasingly strained, mainly over the issue of slavery. Concerned over the future of the institution, Mississippi leaders in November 1850 passed a resolution "to hold a state convention on 2nd Monday of November 1851 to consider the existing relations between the government of the US and the people of the state of Mississippi." This blue cockade was worn by state's rights supporters in the late 1850s.
27. OCAP2_130528_317.JPG: The Senate Gallery: The Senate Gallery is the main exhibition space for the Mississippi Hall of Fame. Most of the portraits that are part of the Hall of Fame are on view in this room, although some are displayed in other spaces throughout the building. A computer kiosk inside will answer your questions about members of the Hall of Fame. Take advantage of the view from the balcony to look down into the Senate Chamber; while you are there you might discover something about the relationship between architecture and lighting, and the importance of public speaking in the nineteenth century.
28. OCAP2_130528_332.JPG: Eudora Welty 1909-2001 Eudora Welty was an acclaimed writer of life in the South. Welty wrote short stories, novels, non-fiction, and a children's book; she also published two books of her photographs. She won the Pulitzer Prize, the President Medal of Freedom, and the French Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et Lettres. Welty lived in Jackson, Mississippi, most of her life.
29. OCAP2_130528_341.JPG: Thomas Hinds 1780-1840 Thomas Hinds served on the Mississippi Territorial Council and commanded troops at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. He helped negotiate the Treat of Doak's Stand and was part of the commission that chose Jackson as the sit of the State capital. He later served as a state representative and then as a representative in Congress.
30. OCAP2_130528_350.JPG: William Cuthbert Faulkner 1897-1962 One of the most influential writers of the twentieth century, William Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1949 for his distinguished works of fiction. His acclaimed novels include The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I lay Dying (1930), Light in August (1932), and Absalom, Absalom! (1936). He was twice awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
31. OCAP2_130528_359.JPG: William Lockhart Clayton 1880-1966 William Clayton founded one of the world's largest cotton marketing firms and later served in the Department of State. As undersecretary of state for economic affairs, he proposed the system of economic aid to Europe that became known as the Marshall Plan.
32. OCAP2_130528_366.JPG: Jefferson Davis 1808-1889 Jefferson Davis was president of the Confederate States of America. Before that, he served in the US Army, as a representative and senator in the US Congress, and as secretary of war.
33. OCAP2_130528_375.JPG: Earl Van Dorn 1820-1863 Earl Van Dorn, a veteran of the Mexican War, also fought in the United States Army during the Seminole War and against the Comanches in the West. He served as a major general in the Confederate Army and won fame for his successful cavalry raid on Holly Springs.
34. OCAP2_130528_384.JPG: Decoration Day Ladies (Seated, left to right) Jane Fontaine, Martha Elizabeth Morton (Standing, left to right) Kate McCarthy Hill Cooper, Augusta Murdock Sykes Cox The "Decoration Day Ladies" organized the first joint decoration of Confederate and Union soldiers' graves in Columbus, Mississippi, in 1866. The event was a forerunner of the national Memorial Day.
35. OCAP2_130528_397.JPG: Jacob Thompson 1810-1885 Jacob Thompson served as a representative in the US Congress from 1839 to 1851 and later served as the US Secretary of the Interior. During the Civil War he was the inspector general of the Confederate Army and directed Confederate espionage activities in Canada.
36. OCAP2_130528_416.JPG: John Cornelius Stennis 1901-1993 John Stennis was Mississippi's longest-serving US senator. While in office, Stennis chaired both the Armed Services Committee and the Appropriations Committee. He also wrote the first code of ethics for the Senate and played a key role in the establishment of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway and the Stennis Space Center in south Mississippi.
37. OCAP2_130528_428.JPG: Pushmataha ca 1764-1824 Pushmataha was a chief of the Choctaw Nation. He helped negotiate the Treaty of Doak's Stand and other pacts between the Choctaws and the United States. Pushmataha was a respected military leader and fought alongside Andrew Jackson in the War of 1812.
38. OCAP2_130528_439.JPG: George Ohr 1857-1918 George Ohr was born in Biloxi, Mississippi. He built his first pottery in 1882 and opened the Biloxi Art and Novelty Pottery in 1890. Ohr was an extraordinary artist, but he did not receive much attention during his lifetime. Today, his pots sell for tens of thousands of dollars and are found in many world-class museums.
39. OCAP_130531_062.JPG: Mississippi's Old Capitol: As the state capitol (1839-1903), this building was the site of the 1861 Secession Convention and 1868 and 1890 Constitutional Conventions. Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and Jefferson Davis spoke here. After housing state offices 1917-1959, the Old Capitol was restored and opened in 1961 as the state historical museum. Damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, it was restored again and reopened in 2009.
40. OCAP_130531_072.JPG: To the Confederate Dead of Mississippi
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Wikipedia Description: Old Mississippi State Capitol
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Old Mississippi State Capitol, also known as Old Capitol Museum or Old State Capitol, is a building that is a Mississippi State Historic Site and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1990.

It is located at 100 N. State St, on the east side of State Street at Capitol Street, in Jackson. It is operated as a museum by the state of Mississippi. The building dates from 1837, and was the Mississippi statehouse until 1903. Among the features is a rotunda dome 94 feet high.
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.) I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
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