DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (NPG) -- Exhibit: In Memoriam: Martin Luther King Jr., 1929-1968:
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- Description of Pictures: Martin Luther King Jr.
April 4, 2018 – April 30, 2018
The Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery celebrates the life and legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. by displaying his likeness by Jack Lewis Hiller. Under King’s inspired leadership, nonviolent protest became the defining feature of the modern civil rights movement. A brilliant strategist, he first demonstrated the efficacy of passive resistance in 1955, when he led the prolonged bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, that resulted in the dismantling of bus segregation laws. Charged by victory and having earned national recognition, the charismatic young clergyman went on to help found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and took the lead in directing its civil rights initiatives. In a carefully orchestrated campaign of peaceful protest to expose and defeat racial injustice, King awakened the nation’s conscience and galvanized support for the landmark civil rights legislation of the 1960s.
This photograph of King was taken in November 1960, shortly after King’s release from Georgia’s notorious Reidsville Penitentiary, where he was imprisoned after participating in a sit-in protest in Atlanta. Hiller, a freelance photographer, captured this image at the all-black Virginia Teachers Association meeting in Richmond, Virginia. At that time, teachers’ associations in Virginia were segregated. Hiller, who was white (and a high school history teacher in Fairfax County) had traveled to Richmond to attend the white teachers’ association meeting. Eager to hear King speak, he crossed over to the black teachers’ gathering, where he took this picture during a Q&A session following King’s address.
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- SIPMLK_180405_04.JPG: In Remembrance
- SIPMLK_180405_24.JPG: Martin Luther King, Jr., 1929-1968
Martin Luther King Jr. shortly after his release from Reidsville Penitentiary, Georgia
One of the most frightening episodes in King's early civil rights career occurred in October 1960, after he was arrested during a student-led protest at Rich's department store in Atlanta. Refusing to post bail, King and the students vowed to remain in the Fulton County jail until all charges were dropped. While negotiations were under way to secure their release, a judge in neighboring DeKalb County ordered that King be held for violating probation for an earlier traffic citation. After a brief hearing, the judge revoked King's probation and sentenced him to four months' hard labor. Manacled and shackled, King was later transported to Georgia's Reidsville Penitentiary. Fearing for his safety in the notoriously violent state prison, King's supporters sought help from presidential candidate John F. Kennedy, who placed a reassuring call to Coretta King. But it was Robert Kennedy's forceful call to the DeKalb judge that resulted in King's release.
Jack Lewis Hiller, 1960
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