BGuthrie Photos: MO -- St. Louis -- Gateway Arch

MO -- St. Louis -- Gateway Arch:

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[1] ARCH_180918_002_STITCH.JPG

[2] ARCH_180918_003_STITCH.JPG

[3] ARCH_180918_005.JPG	[4] ARCH_180918_010.JPG	[5] ARCH_180918_014.JPG
[6] ARCH_180918_020.JPG	[7] ARCH_180918_023.JPG	[8] ARCH_180918_026.JPG
[9] ARCH_180918_027.JPG	[10] ARCH_180918_032.JPG	[11] ARCH_180918_035.JPG
[12] ARCH_180918_038.JPG	[13] ARCH_180918_041.JPG	[14] ARCH_180918_047.JPG
[15] ARCH_180918_049.JPG	[16] ARCH_180918_053.JPG	[17] ARCH_180918_059.JPG
[18] ARCH_180918_063.JPG	[19] ARCH_180918_064.JPG	[20] ARCH_180918_073.JPG
[21] ARCH_180918_077.JPG	[22] ARCH_180918_084.JPG	[23] ARCH_180918_088.JPG
[24] ARCH_180918_096.JPG	[25] ARCH_180918_101.JPG	[26] ARCH_180918_104.JPG
[27] ARCH_180918_111.JPG	[28] ARCH_180918_116.JPG	[29] ARCH_180918_119.JPG
[30] ARCH_180918_127.JPG	[31] ARCH_180918_132.JPG	[32] ARCH_180918_139.JPG
[33] ARCH_180918_141.JPG	[34] ARCH_180918_156.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. ARCH_180918_010.JPG: Action and Reaction
2. ARCH_180918_014.JPG: Gateway to the West William Clark's Indian Council Chamber once stood here as the gateway between east and west. After the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Clark became the Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the West. From here, he executed the government policy of tribal relocation. The policy caused conflict and misery for American Indians. Clark tried to protect some tribes from incoming settlement, but negotiated treaties to move others west from their eastern homelands. "Gen. Clark... has a perfect knowledge of all the affairs relating to the Indians, and the Government has great confidence in his experience and judgment." -- Lewis Cass, Secretary of War, July 14, 1832 Home Clark and his family lived next door to the museum. Museum Clark's was the first museum west of the Mississippi River. He filled it with items from his travels and gifts from American Indian visitors
3. ARCH_180918_023.JPG: Curves Ahead Arch-Inspired Landscape In front of you is the iconic Gateway Arch. The natural curve of a hanging chain -- a catenary curve -- inspired the Arch design. Curves also define the landscape. You may not notice them at first, but there are curves throughout the park. Walk along the gentle arc of the tree-lined paths and staircases. Look for the graceful sweep of the retaining walls and the flowing ribbon of the ponds' edges. The Gateway Arch is 630 feet-high and 630 feet wide at its base. A chain hangs from two points in an inverted arch shape.
4. ARCH_180918_027.JPG: Speedy Delivery Today you can get a package from St. Louis to California in less than 24 hours. But before planes and trains, speedy deliveries to the West went by stagecoach. Henry Wells, William Fargo, and John Butterfield capitalized on the country's rapid westward expansion. In the 1850s, they built an express stagecoach delivery service between St. Louis and California. A few years later in 1857, Butterfield started the Overland Mail Company after he won a government contract to deliver US mail between St. Louis, Missouri and San Francisco, California. Their success reinforced St. Louis as the gateway to the west. Every week the Overland Mail Company sent stagecoaches on a 2,812-mile journey to deliver mail to California in 25 days or less. Wells, Fargo, and Butterfield were partners in the American Express Company and Wells, Fargo & Company, providing express travel and banking services from here westward.
5. ARCH_180918_032.JPG: I presume she's either killing algae or bugs
6. ARCH_180918_041.JPG: Freedom Denied, Freedom Gained
7. ARCH_180918_047.JPG: Entry plaza made possible through the generous support of Enterprise Holdings, Inc. and Family
8. ARCH_180918_049.JPG: To Honor Eero Saarinen, Architect, FAIA 1910-1961 His inspiration and talent created the Gateway Arch, symbol of westward expansion. Presented by The American Institute of Architects at its National Convention in St. Louis May 7, 1989
9. ARCH_180918_053.JPG: An Explosion Saves the City
10. ARCH_180918_059.JPG: Commercial Beginnings
11. ARCH_180918_064.JPG: One Day, Three Nations
12. ARCH_180918_077.JPG: Traders and Tribes
13. ARCH_180918_088.JPG: Vandalism
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Wikipedia Description: Gateway Arch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Gateway Arch, also known as the Gateway to the West, is an integral part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial and the iconic image of St. Louis, Missouri. It was designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen and structural engineer Hannskarl Bandel in 1947. It stands 630 feet (192 m) tall, and is 630 feet (192 m) wide at its base, making it the tallest monument in the United States. Construction of the arch started on February 12, 1963 and was completed on October 28, 1965. The monument opened to the public on July 24, 1967.

Physical Description:

The cross-sections of its legs are equilateral triangles, narrowing from 54 feet (16.5 m) per side at the base to 17 feet (5.2 m) at the top. Each wall consists of a stainless steel skin covering reinforced concrete from ground level to 300 feet (91 m), with carbon steel and rebar from 300 feet (91 m) to the peak. The interior of the Arch is hollow and contains a unique transport system leading to an observation deck at the top. The interior of the Arch also contains two emergency stairwells of 1076 steps each, in the event of a need to evacuate the Arch or if a problem develops with the tram system.

The base of each leg at ground level had an engineering tolerance of one sixty-fourth of an inch or the two legs would not meet at the top.

During construction, both legs were built up simultaneously. When the time came to connect both legs together at the apex, thermal expansion of the sunward facing south leg prevented it from aligning precisely with the north leg. This alignment problem was solved when the Saint Louis City Fire Department sprayed the south leg with water from firehoses until it had cooled to the point where it aligned with the north leg.

It is the tallest habitable structure in St. Louis (taller than One Metropolitan Square, the tallest building), and the second tallest in Missouri (behind One Kansas City Place in Kansas City)).

Tram:

Eero Saarinen died from a brain tumor four years before the Arch was completed; prior to his death he had decided to incorporate a power lift system to obviate the need to climb the 1000-plus stairs. But the shape of the arch would have made a standard elevator impossible. After approaching several elevator companies who failed to come up with a viable method, Saarinen hired parking-lot elevator designer Richard Bowser to do the job. Skeptical city leaders gave Bowser only two weeks to submit a design, but he succeeded. By 1968 a unique tram system that combined an elevator cable lift system with gimbaled cars functionally similar to ferris wheel gondolas had been installed.

The tram is operated by the quasi-governmental Bi-State Development Agency under an agreement with the NPS.

From the visitor center one may move to either base (one on the north end and the other on the south end) of the Arch and enter the tramway much as one would enter an ordinary elevator, through narrow double doors. The north queue area includes displays which interpret the design and construction of the Gateway Arch; the south queue area includes displays about the St. Louis riverfront during the mid-19th century.

Passing through the doors, passengers in groups of five enter an egg-shaped compartment containing five seats and a flat floor. Because of the car shape, the compartments have sloped ceilings low enough to force taller riders to lean forward while seated (for this reason it's recommended that the tallest of the five passengers in the car sit in the center seat facing the door). Eight compartments are linked to form a train, meaning that both trains have a capacity of 40, and that 80 people can be transported at one time. These compartments individually retain an appropriate level by periodically rotating every 5 degrees, which allows them to maintain the correct orientation while the entire train follows curved tracks up one leg of the arch. The trip to the top of the Arch takes four minutes, and the trip down takes three minutes. The car doors have narrow windows, allowing passengers to see the interior stairways and structure of the Arch during the trip.

Observation area:

Near the top of the arch, the rider exits the compartment and climbs a slight grade to enter the arched observation area. Small windows, almost invisible from the ground, allow views across the Mississippi River and southern Illinois with its prominent Mississippian culture mounds to the east at Cahokia Mounds, and the City of Saint Louis and St. Louis County to the west beyond the city. On a clear day, one can see up to thirty miles (48 km). ...

Security:

Visitors pass through security checkpoints at each entrance to the Arch, before being allowed access to the visitor center. Security was increased as result of a 1997 Congressional mandate to establish a Counter-Terrorism Program at the park. The NPS used the increased funding to purchase magnetometers and x-ray equipment for visitor screening and 25 CCTV cameras scattered throughout the grounds of the memorial. There are also barriers around the grounds, to prevent rogue or possibly bomb-laden vehicles from entering the area.

Incidents:

Eleven light aircraft have been successfully piloted beneath the arch, the first on 22 June 1966, when the arch had been completed for less than a year.

In 1980 Kenneth Swyers tried to parachute onto the span of the Gateway Arch, planning to jump back off to land on the ground below. Instead, he slid all the way down one leg to his death. The pilot, Richard Skurat, had his pilot certificate suspended for 90 days.

In 1984, David Adcock of Houston, Texas, began to scale the arch by means of suction cups on his hands and feet, but he was talked out of continuing after having climbed only 20 feet (6.1 m). The next day he successfully scaled the nearby 21-story Equitable Building in downtown St. Louis.

It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.

On 14 September 1992 it was rumored that John C. Vincent of New Orleans successfully scaled the outside of the Arch with suction cups during the night, and performed a BASE jump from the top with a parachute at 7 a.m. No evidence surfaced to support his claim, and it was speculated by Rangers at the Arch that Vincent was lowered from a helicopter onto the top of the Arch, from which he parachuted. He spent three months in jail for the stunt.

On July 21, 2007, several hundred people were trapped in the trams or at the top of the Arch after an electrical problem occurred with the tram system. All were returned to the ground either by being taken down stairs to a service elevator, or by waiting for power to be restored. A second electrical problem caused one tram to be taken out of service the following day.
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