BGuthrie Photos: CA -- Los Angeles -- El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historical Monument

CA -- Los Angeles -- El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historical Monument:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. LAPUEB_090801_035.JPG: Mural in El Pueblo Historic District
2. LAPUEB_090801_040.JPG: Mural in El Pueblo Historic District
3. LAPUEB_090801_045.JPG: Instituto Cultural Mexicano Los Angeles
4. LAPUEB_090801_103.JPG: Plaza Fire House Dedicated to the Firemen of the Los Angeles Fire Department -- past, present and future -- who, since 1871, by their courage and faithful devotion to duty, have protected the lives and property of the citizens of Los Angeles from the ravages of fire. California Registered Historical Landmark No. 730 Plaque placed by the California State Park Commission in cooperation with the Box 15 Club of Los Angeles October 1, 1960.
5. LAPUEB_090801_172.JPG: Avila Adobe: This is the oldest existing house in Los Angeles. Built about 1818 by Don Francisco Avila, it was occupied briefly as American headquarters in 1847. Severely damaged in the earthquake in 1971, the house is now restored as an example of California life style of the 1840s. Avila Adobe ca. 1818 The oldest building in the city, the adobe was the home of Don Francisco Avila, mayor (alcalde) of Los Angeles in 1810. After his first wife died, Avila married Encarnacion Sepulveda in 1822. He died ten years later. In 1847, during the Mexican-American War, Commodore Robert Stockton commandeered the adobe for two weeks as his military headquarters. The family moved away in 1868 and after that the adobe served as a restaurant and a boarding house. By 1928 it had fallen into disrepair and was saved from demolition by Mrs. Christine Sterling. Now restored, the building depicts the Californio lifestyle of the 1840s prior to the American occupation.
6. LAPUEB_090801_189.JPG: The Family Room: Here the family ate its regular meals. When relatives, neighbors and visitors called, they dined with the family at the big table. After a hearty meal, the dishes were cleared and entertainment followed. Early California music, singing and dancing were enjoyed by all. The room would echo with merriment.
7. LAPUEB_090801_208.JPG: The Kitchen: During good weather, food was prepared outside in the outdoor patio cocina. When the weather turned bad, the family's meals were prepared here in this small indoor kitchen. It also served as a storeroom for utensils and barrels of dry foodstuffs. When needed, the kitchen offered a convenient place indoors for family bathing. A tub was bought in a filled with hot water.
8. LAPUEB_090801_221.JPG: The Office: In this room, the business affairs of the Avila vineyard and ranch were transacted. An original Avila ledger book lies open on the desk. The master of the house also kept personal belongings, saddles and weapons here, along with a ready supply of hides which served as early California dollars.
9. LAPUEB_090801_242.JPG: The Parlor: The parlor or sitting room was used only a rare occasions. Important visitors were always entertained here after a meal in the family room. The parlor was opened when there was a wedding or on the death of a family member, mourners fathered around the simple wooden casket to pay their final respects.
10. LAPUEB_090801_248.JPG: User comment: Could this be a statue carved 1840-50 for the church in the Pueblo? The model of a young mother from Sonora sculpted from wood? My father's notes tell of a young beauty in their family who posed for a Mary statue for the Pueblo Church.
11. LAPUEB_090801_271.JPG: The Parents' Bedroom: "La Senora," the lady of the house, spent much time in making this bedroom beautiful as did all California wives. When ships would anchor at San Pedro, eager ladies would accompany their husbands to barter cow hides for choice furniture and fine fabrics, silks, satins and lace were selected for personal wardrobes.
12. LAPUEB_090801_297.JPG: The Children's Room: The children from their earliest days to adulthood used this as their bedroom. Toys were few, mostly handmade and very primitive.
13. LAPUEB_090801_314.JPG: Carreta: The wooden carreta (cart) was built by carpenter Darryl Robertshaw in 2004. It is a reproduction of a carreta built by Olvera Street merchants Nash Zamora and Meloni Tanzini. This earlier carreta was on display for 43 years, from 1961 to 2004. It is representatives of the carretas used for transportation in the early days of the Pueblo of Los Angeles of the 18th and 19th centuries.
14. LAPUEB_090801_332.JPG: Sepulveda House Sepulveda House is a 22-room Victorian house built in 1887 in the East lake style. The original structure included two commercial businesses and three residences. It is now the site of the Plaza District's Visitors' Center, which includes an 18-minute video of the Pueblo's early history.
15. LAPUEB_090801_367.JPG: Old Winery ca. 1870-1914 Antonio Pelanconi bought this lot in 1871 from wine makers, Guiseppe Gazza and Giuseppe Cavacci. It is not known when the Pelanconi Winery, which ran between Alameda and Olvera Streets, was built, but it was in operation prior to 1875. Pelanconi died in 1879 and his widow Isabel married his partner Giacomo Tononi, who carried on the winery business with Antonio's son Lorenzo. In 1914, Lorenzo and his mother erected a warehouse on the corner of Los Angeles and Almeda Streets. By 1918, it was known as the Cucamonga Winery. During Prohibition, soft drinks were manufactured there. El Paseo Inn moved into a portion of the winery in the 1930s. El Pueblo Park later installed its administrative offices in the remainder of the building.
16. LAPUEB_090801_390.JPG: Italian Hall: The Italian Hall, designed by architect Julius Kraus, was built by the Pozzo Construction Company in 1907 for Marie Ruellan Hammel. The upper floors served as a center for the Italian organizations who used the hall for political meetings, banquets, weddings and theatrical (operatic) performances. Several stores occupied the lower floors. The Italian Hall is one of seven buildings on Olvera Street that were associated with the Italian community. The Societa Italiana de Mutua Beneficenza, formed in 1877, moved its offices to the second floor in 1908 when the building opened for business. Various Italian societies, including the Circolo Operaio (Italian Work Circle) rented the building for events. In 1916, a political rally was held in the Hall by Emma Goldman, a well known political activist, feminist, and labor organizer. David Alfaro Sigueiros was invited to paint a mural in 1932 on the second floor south exterior wall of the building. The mural, entitled "Tropical America," featured an Italian bound to a double cross, surmounted by an imperialist eagle, and surrounded by pre-Colombian symbols and revolutionary figures. the subject matter was considered highly controversial. F.K. Feranz, who had commissioned the mural was ordered to whitewash the portion that was visible from Olvera Street.
17. LAPUEB_090801_430.JPG: Future site of Los Angeles County Plaza de Cultura y Arte: The goal of the Plaza de Cultura y Arte is to celebrate, promote and preserve an appreciation of Latino historical contributions through the El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historic Monument. The proposed project would display the cultural richness of its people and heritage through Latino education, cultural and arts programming.
18. LAPUEB_090801_435.JPG: Pio de Jesus Pico: Pio de Jesus Pico (1801-1894) was the last Mexican governor of California and is one of the state's most remarkable historical figures. He witnessed and helped to shape nearly a century of California history. Although he recognized the vast changes that came about in Los Angeles, he remained a Californio in language and thought. He was born on May 5, 1801 and was the eldest son of a large family. As an afro-mestizo, Pico reflects the mixture of African, Indian and European ancestry which occurred in Mexico and throughout the Americas. He joined the army for a brief time, and in 1828 became a member of the Deputacion or Territorial Assembly. The following year, he received his first land grant of 8,922 acres near San Diego named Rancho Jamul. He and his younger brother, Andres, were awarded the 133.441 acre Rancho Santa Margarita in 1841. After a brief stint as governor in 1832, Pico became administrator of Mission San Luis Rey. In 1845 he led a popular coup against Governor Micheltorena which resulted in his rise to the governorship, a post which lasted until the arrival of invading United States forces in 1846. Pico sold his vast landholdings in the San Fernando Valley to provide capital for the construction and furnishing of the Pico House, the city's first three story building and first elegant hotel, which opened in 1870. Sadly, he lost the hotel and other properties to foreclosure only ten years later and then was swindled out of his home and rancho is present-day Whittier. Although he died a poor man, he remained and proud and stately figure. Pico House, 1869-70: Known as the "finest hotel in Southern California," the Pico House boasted "bathrooms and water closets for both sexes" on each floor. Pio Pico, the last governor of Mexican California, sold his land in the San Fernando Valley to raise money for construction of the Pico House, the city's first three story building and was elegant hotel. Designed in the Italianate style by Ezra F. Kysor, two facades were stuccoed to look like blue granite. The hotel had eighty-two bedrooms, twenty-one parlors and two interior courtyards. A French restaurant was located on the ground floor. Pico lost the hotel by foreclosure in 1880. From 1892-1920 it was called the National Hotel. The facade was restored in the 1960s and additional interior work was done in 1980-81. Pico House: The Pico House was built by Pio Pico, last governor of California under Mexican rule, who lived almost the entire length of the nineteenth century from 1801 to 1894. This was the first three story building and the first grand hotel in Los Angeles. Pico chose architect Ezra F. Kysor to design the "finest hotel in Los Angeles." To raise funds for the building and furnishing of the hotel, Pio and his brother Andres sold most of their vast landholdings in the San Fernando Valley. Construction began on September 18, 1869, and the hotel opened for business on June 9, 1870. The hotel was built in the Italianate style, with deep set round-arched windows and doors. The Main Street and Plaza facades were stuccoed to resembled blue granite. The hotel had eighty two bedrooms and twenty one parlors as well as bathrooms and water closets for each sex on each floor. A French chef presided over a large dining room on the first floor. The Pico House was decorated with furniture of the best quality, with walnut pieces on the second floor and lighter woods but still "pleasing to the eye and of good quality" on the third floor. Many of the bedrooms opened into an interior court festooned with vines and birdcages. The prime period of the hotel was in 1876 when the railroad came to Los Angeles and when Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria stayed there. Unfortunately, Pio Pico was not to profit from his hotel as he lost it to foreclosure in 1880 because of non-payment of debts. The hotel management changed frequently in the ensuring years. Many of the proprietors were of French or Italian origin. Around 1882 a balcony was added to the Plaza and Main street facades and its name was changed for several decades to the National Hotel. The hotel gradually declined and was taken over by the state in 1953.
19. LAPUEB_090801_488.JPG: Masonic Hall, 1858: The firm of Perry and Brady (later known as Perry and Woodworth) constructed this brick and stucco building. The upper floor was designed as a meeting hall for Lodge 42 Free and Accepted Masons, the first American organization established in Los Angeles. Perry and Woodworth, who were fellow masons, operated a furniture store on the lower floor. Lodge 42 moved away in 1868 and the hall was used for other purposes. Restored in 1962, the hall is now used for meetings of Los Angeles City Lodge 814 and houses a small museum on the early days of Masonry in Los Angeles. The Masonic Hall is the oldest building is Los Angeles south of the Plaza. Its west facade was altered in the 1870s to harmonize more closely with the style of its neighbors.
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Wikipedia Description: Los Angeles Plaza Historic District
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Los Angeles Plaza Historic District, also known as El Pueblo de Los Angeles State Historic Park, is a historic district located at the oldest section of Los Angeles, known for many years as "El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Angeles". The district, centered around the old plaza, was the city's center under Spanish (1781-1821), Mexican (1821-1847) and United States (after 1847) rule through most of the 19th Century. The area was designated a state historic monument in 1953 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

History:

A plaque across from the Old Plaza commemorates the founding of the city. It states: "On September 4, 1781, eleven families of pobladores (44 persons including children) arrived at this place from the Gulf of California to establish a pueblo which was to become the City of Los Angeles. This colonization ordered by King Carlos III was carried out under the direction of Governor Felipe de Neve." The small town received the name El Pueblo de Nuestra Se�ora Reina de los �ngeles sobre El Rio Porciuncula, Spanish for The Town of Our Lady Queen of the Angels on the Porciuncula River. The original pueblo was built to the southeast of the current plaza along the Los Angeles River. In 1815, a flood washed away the original pueblo, and it was rebuilt farther from the river at the location of the current plaza.

Growth of the Pueblo:

Plaza and Pico House, ca. 1890:

During its first 70 years, the Pueblo grew slowly from 44 in 1781 to 1,615 in 1850—an average of about 25 persons per year. During this period, the Plaza Historic District was the Pueblo's commercial and social center. In 1850, shortly after California became part of the United States, Los Angeles was incorporated as a city. It experienced a major boom in the 1880s and 1890s, as its population grew from 11,200 (1880) to 50,400 (1890) and 102,500 in 1900. As the City grew, the commercial and cultural center began to move south away from the Plaza, along Spring Street and Main Street. In 1891, the Los Angeles Times reported on the move of the city's center:

"The geographical center of Los Angeles is the old plaza, but that has long since ceased to be the center of population. ... While at one time most of the population was north of the plaza, during the past ten years 90 per cent of the improvements have gone up in the southern half of the city. ... These are solid facts which it is useless to attempt to ignore by playing the ostrich acts and level-headed property holders in the northern part of the city are beginning to ask themselves seriously what is to be done to arrest or at least delay the steady march of the business section from the old to the new plaza on Sixth Street ..."

Preservation as a historic park:

The 44 acres (180,000 m2) surrounding the Plaza and constituting the old pueblo have been preserved as a historic park roughly bounded by Spring, Macy, Alameda and Arcadia Streets, and Cesar Chavez Boulevard (formerly Sunset Boulevard). There is a visitors center in the Sepulveda House, and a volunteer organization known as Las Angelitas del Pueblo provide tours of the district.

The district includes the city's oldest and most historic structures clustered around the old plaza. The buildings of greatest historical significance include Nuestra Se�ora La Reina de Los Angeles Church (1822), Avila Adobe (1818) (the city's oldest surviving residence), the Olvera Street market, Pico House (1870), and the Old Plaza Fire Station (1884). Four of the buildings have been restored as museums. Archaeological excavations in the Pueblo have uncovered artifacts from the indigenous period (before 1781), the Spanish colonial era (1781–1821), the Mexican era (1821–1847), and the first century of the American era (1850s–1940s), including animal bones, household goods, tools, bottles, and ceramics.

The district was designated as a state monument in 1953, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Major sites:

The Plaza:

At the center of the Historic District is the old plaza itself. It has been described as "the focal point" of the state historic park, symbolizing the city's birthplace and "separating Olvera Street's touristy bustle from the Pico-Garnier block's empty buildings." Built in the 1820s, the plaza was the city's commercial and social center. It remains the site of many festivals and celebrations. The plaza has large statues of three important figures in the city's history: King Carlos III of Spain, the monarch who ordered the founding of the Pueblo de Los Angeles in 1780; Felipe de Neve, the Spanish Governor of the Californias who selected the site of the Pueblo and laid out the town; and Father Jun�pero Serra,founder and first head of the Alta California missions. In addition to this, the plaza itself has been made a monument to the original forty-four settlers and the four soldiers who accompanied them. A large plaque listing their names was erected in the plaza, and later plaques dedicated to the individual eleven families were placed in the ground encircling the gazebo in the center of the plaza.

La Placita Church:

The parish church in the Plaza Historic District, known as La Iglesia de Nuestra Se�ora la Reina de Los �ngeles (The Church of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels), was founded in 1814, though the structure was not completed and dedicated until 1822. The present church dates from 1861. The church was one of the first three sites designated as Historic Cultural Monuments by the City of Los Angeles, and has been designated as a California Historical Landmark

Olvera Street:

Olvera Street, known for its Mexican marketplace, was originally known as Wine Street. In 1877, it was extended and renamed in honor of August�n Olvera, a prominent local judge. Many of the Plaza District's Historic Buildings, including the Avila Adobe and Sepulveda House are located on Olvera Street. In 1930, it was converted by local merchants into the colorful marketplace that remains today.

Avila Adobe:

The Avila Adobe was built in 1818 and is the oldest surviving residence in Los Angeles. It is located in the paseo of Olvera Street and was built by Francisco Avila, a wealthy cattle rancher. Its adobe walls are 2-1/2 to 3 feet (0.91 m) thick. U. S. Navy Commodore Robert Stockton took it over as his temporary headquarters when the United States first occupied the city in 1846. The adobe is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is California State Landmark No. 145.

Plaza Substation:

The Plaza Substation was part of the electric streetcar system operated by the Los Angeles Railway. Completed in 1904, the substation provided electricity to power the yellow streetcars. When the streetcar system closed, the building was converted to other uses. The substation is one of the two buildings in the district that is itself separately listed in the National Register of Historic Places. (The Avila Adobe is the other.)

Old Plaza Firehouse:

The Old Plaza Firehouse is the oldest firehouse in Los Angeles. Built in 1884, it operated as a firehouse until 1897. The building was thereafter used as a use as a saloon , cigar store, poolroom, "seedy hotel," Chinese market, "flop house," and drugstore. The building was restored in the 1950s and opened as a firefighting museum in 1960.

Pico House:

Pico House was a luxury hotel built in 1870 by P�o Pico, a successful businessman who was the last Mexican Governor of Alta California. With indoor plumbing, gas-lit chandeliers, a grand double staircase, lace curtains and a French restaurant, the Italianate three-story, 33-room hotel was the most elegant hotel in Southern California. It had a total of nearly eighty rooms. The Pico House is currently listed as a California Historical Landmark (No. 159).

Merced Theater:

The Merced Theater, completed in 1870, was built in an Italianate style and operated as a live theater from 1871-1876. When the Woods Opera House opened nearby in 1876, the Merced ceased being the city's leading theater. Eventually, it gained an "unenviable reputation" because of "the disreputable dances staged there, and was finally closed by the authorities."

Masonic Hall

Masonic Hall was built in 1858 as Lodge 42 of the Free and Accepted Masons. The building was a painted brick structure with a symbolic "Masonic eye" below the parapet. In 1868, the Masons moved to larger quarters further south. Afterward, the building was used for many purposes, including a pawn shop and boarding house. It is the oldest building in Los Angeles south of the Plaza.

Garnier Building

The Garnier Building was built in 1890 and was part of the city's original Chinatown. The southern portion of the building was demolished in the 1950s to make way for the Hollywood Freeway. The Chinese American Museum is now located in the Garnier Building.

Sepulveda House

Sepulveda House is a 22-room Victorian house built in 1887 in the East lake style. The original structure included two commercial businesses and three residences. It is now the site of the Plaza District's Visitors' Center, which includes an 18-minute video of the Pueblo's early history.

Pelanconi House

Pelanconi House, built in 1857, is the oldest surviving brick house in Los Angeles. In 1930, it was converted into a restaurant called La Golondrina, which is the oldest restaurant on Olvera Street.

Plaza Methodist Church

Built in 1926, the Plaza Methodist Church was built on the site of the adobe once owned by Agust�n Olvera, the man for whom Olvera Street was named.
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